Social Neuroeconomics
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Social Neuroeconomics
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Author : Jens Harbecke
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-23
Social Neuroeconomics written by Jens Harbecke and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Neuroeconomics has emerged as a paradigmatic field where neuroscience and the social sciences are integrated in one analytical and empirical approach. However, the different disciplines involved often only relate to each other via the shared object of research, and less through the constructing of precise models of integrative mechanisms. Social Neuroeconomics explores the potential of philosophical and methodological reflections in the neurosciences and the social sciences to inform those efforts at cross-disciplinary integration, with a special focus on recent contributions to mechanistic explanations. The collected essays are drawn from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, economics, sociology and philosophy, and examine the ways and methods of constructing unified conceptual frameworks that can guide empirical work and hypothesis building. This is demonstrated in a range of applications, particularly regarding finance and consumer behavior. The concept of the ‘social brain’ is also explored; a multilevel framework in which complex analytical categories such as emotions or socially mediated cognitive processes connect neuronal and social phenomena in specific mechanisms that generate behavior. This book addresses a wide audience across the various disciplines, reaching from the neurosciences to the social sciences and philosophy.
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Paul W. Glimcher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Neuroeconomics written by Paul W. Glimcher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Psychology categories.
In the years since it first published, Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain has become the standard reference and textbook in the burgeoning field of neuroeconomics. The second edition, a nearly complete revision of this landmark book, will set a new standard. This new edition features five sections designed to serve as both classroom-friendly introductions to each of the major subareas in neuroeconomics, and as advanced synopses of all that has been accomplished in the last two decades in this rapidly expanding academic discipline. The first of these sections provides useful introductions to the disciplines of microeconomics, the psychology of judgment and decision, computational neuroscience, and anthropology for scholars and students seeking interdisciplinary breadth. The second section provides an overview of how human and animal preferences are represented in the mammalian nervous systems. Chapters on risk, time preferences, social preferences, emotion, pharmacology, and common neural currencies—each written by leading experts—lay out the foundations of neuroeconomic thought. The third section contains both overview and in-depth chapters on the fundamentals of reinforcement learning, value learning, and value representation. The fourth section, “The Neural Mechanisms for Choice, integrates what is known about the decision-making architecture into state-of-the-art models of how we make choices. The final section embeds these mechanisms in a larger social context, showing how these mechanisms function during social decision-making in both humans and animals. The book provides a historically rich exposition in each of its chapters and emphasizes both the accomplishments and the controversies in the field. A clear explanatory style and a single expository voice characterize all chapters, making core issues in economics, psychology, and neuroscience accessible to scholars from all disciplines. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in neuroeconomics in particular or decision making in general. Editors and contributing authors are among the acknowledged experts and founders in the field, making this the authoritative reference for neuroeconomics Suitable as an advanced undergraduate or graduate textbook as well as a thorough reference for active researchers Introductory chapters on economics, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology provide students and scholars from any discipline with the keys to understanding this interdisciplinary field Detailed chapters on subjects that include reinforcement learning, risk, inter-temporal choice, drift-diffusion models, game theory, and prospect theory make this an invaluable reference Published in association with the Society for Neuroeconomics—www.neuroeconomics.org Full-color presentation throughout with numerous carefully selected illustrations to highlight key concepts
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Tania Singer
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Neuroeconomics written by Tania Singer and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Medical categories.
While economics and game theory are based on the assumption that people who engage in economic exchange are able to infer other people's motives and beliefs to predict their actions, economists have not yet become interested in the neural mechanisms that enable people to make inferences about other's mental and motivational states. However, the fields of social neuroscience and neuroeconomics have started to investigate our ability to represent others’ intentions and beliefs, referred to as “mentalizing” or “Theory of Mind” (ToM), and to share others' feelings and motivational states, referred to as “empathy”. Following an introduction to the field of social neuroscience, a clarification of concepts and a summary of major findings concerning the neural basis of mentalizing and empathizing are provided. Next, other social emotions closely related to empathy, such as compassion, and social emotions opposing empathy, such as schadenfreude, are introduced. Finally, future research questions are outlined and are discussed in light of their implications for neuroeconomics and human prosociality in general.
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Martin Reuter
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-06
Neuroeconomics written by Martin Reuter and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-06 with Psychology categories.
This book represents one of the cornerstones of the series Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics. It is divided into eight sections, starting with an introduction to neuroeconomics followed by an overview of frequently applied experimental paradigms (games) in neuroeconomics research. Furthermore, it addresses the molecular basis of human decision making, environmental/situational factors and social contexts influencing human decision making, as well as translational and developmental/clinical approaches to neuroeconomics. In closing, a paper on neuro-marketing demonstrates how knowledge from neuroeconomics research can be applied in “real life.” Culminating in an extensive methods section, in which eight different neuroscience techniques are introduced, the book offers an essential resource for researchers and practitioners, and may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Ernst Fehr
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Neuroeconomics written by Ernst Fehr and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Medical categories.
What motivates people to care about others is a fundamental question in the social and cognitive sciences. Here we discuss economic models of social preferences and how they help us to understand the psychological costs and benefits in social decisions. We then analyze recent neuroeconomic findings on social preferences with the goal of creating a coherent picture of the neural circuitry involved in social decisions. We argue that the insula and anterior cingulate cortex first determine what is socially appropriate and whether any norms have or will be violated, the amygdala generates emotional responses to these outcomes, the temporoparietal junction promotes perspective-taking, and finally the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex incorporates this information to modulate the overall utilities, and thus decisions, in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for understanding deficits in social behavior and how to potentially improve our own social behavior.
Neuroeconomics Of Prosocial Behavior
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Author : Carolyn Declerck
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-08-21
Neuroeconomics Of Prosocial Behavior written by Carolyn Declerck and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-21 with Psychology categories.
This summary of recent research in neuroeconomics aims to explain how and why a person can sometimes be generous, helpful, and cooperative, yet other times behave in a self-interested and/or exploitative manner. The book explains a dual process of analysis measuring immediate needs of the individual, relative to long term gains possible through prosocial behavior (e.g. synergy, accumulating profits, (in)direct reciprocity) with the output further mitigated by the motivation of the individual at that moment and any special circumstances of the environment. Ultimately it can be shown that prosocial behavior can be economically rational. Yet even when individuals are intrinsically motivated to act prosocially, they are also able to reverse this behavior when they sense it is no longer adaptive. The book will further explore individual differences in prosocial behavior, the development of prosocial behavior, and how a personal neural signature forms that facilitates or hampers cooperation. The book includes game theory research, neuroimaging studies, and research in traditional cognitive psychology to better understand human decision-making re prosocial behavior. This will be of interest to cognitive, developmental, and social psychologists, as well as neuroscientists, and behavioral economists. Explores: Individual differences in prosocial behavior, The development of prosocial behavior, How a personal neural signature forms that facilitates or hampers cooperation Includes: Game theory research, Neuroimaging studies, Research in traditional cognitive psychology
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Molly J. Crockett
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Neuroeconomics written by Molly J. Crockett and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Medical categories.
In this chapter we present a survey of studies employing pharmacological manipulations in humans to elucidate the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the neuromodulation of economic and social preferences. We will review research examining the effects of changes in neurotransmitters (including serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline) and hormones (such as oxytocin and testosterone) on human decision making. Recent studies have shown these neuromodulatory systems to play a key role in shaping time, risk, and social preferences. We will consider how the involvement of these evolutionarily ancient chemical systems in basic learning and affective processes scales up to impact complex decision making in economic and social settings.
Foundations Of Neuroeconomic Analysis
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Author : Paul W. Glimcher
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-11-24
Foundations Of Neuroeconomic Analysis written by Paul W. Glimcher and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-24 with Psychology categories.
A new academic field, neuroeconomics, has emerged at the border of the social and natural sciences. In Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis, Paul Glimcher argues that a meaningful interdisciplinary synthesis of the study of human and animal choice is not only desirable, but also well underway, and so it is time to formally develop a foundational approach for the field. He does so by laying the philosophical and empirical groundwork and integrating the theory of choice and valuation with the relevant physical constraints and mechanisms. While there has been an intense debate about the value and prospects of neuroeconomics, Glimcher argues that existing data from neuroeconomics' three parent fields, neuroscience, psychology and economics, already specify the basic features of the primate choice mechanism at all three levels of analysis. His central argument is that combining these three disciplines gives us enough insight to define many of the fundamental features of decision making that have previously eluded scholars working within each individual field. With this in mind, Glimcher provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroscience, psychology, and economics of choice behavior, which will help readers from many disciplines to grasp the rich interconnections between these fields and see how their data and theory can interact to produce new insights, constraints, and questions. The book is divided into four main sections that address key barriers to interdisciplinary cohesion. The first section defines the central philosophical issues that neuroeconomics must engage. The theory of knowledge already tells us much about how different disciplines interact, and in this section, Glimcher reviews those constraints and lays a philosophical foundation for future neuroeconomic discourse. This section concludes with both a defense of neoclassical economics and a spirited attack on Milton Friedman's insistence that economics must not be constrained by the study of mechanism. Glimcher argues instead for the development of "hard-economic theories", which postulate that choosers behave the way they do because of the underlying representations that occur in their brains. The second section describes what is known about the primate choice mechanism-the physical structures in our brains that actively select among the options available to the chooser. By reviewing and integrating economic theory of choice, neurobiological studies of the frontal and parietal cortices, and psychological models of selection, Glimcher creates an interdisciplinary structure for understanding how we choose. This interdisciplinary synthesis leads to several novel insights into the causes of human irrational behavior and recasts many of these so-called irrationalities as neurobiological optimizations in the face of physical constraints. The third section describes the neural circuits for valuation-the physical mechanisms by which we learn, store, and represent the values of the many options from which we choose. In this section, Glimcher combines studies from computer science and neuroscience with representational frameworks from economics to provide novel assessments of both the strengths and weaknesses of modern economic theory. The section ends with a discussion of behavioral neuroeconomics and the ultimate limits of the neoclassical economic program. The book concludes with a description of a new model for human choice behavior that harvests constraints from each of neuroeconomics' parent disciplines and encapsulates the key insights from current research, as well as a review of the major accomplishments and opportunities that await the new field of neuroeconomics.
Neuroeconomics And The Decision Making Process
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Author : Christiansen, Bryan
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2016-03-17
Neuroeconomics And The Decision Making Process written by Christiansen, Bryan and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-17 with Psychology categories.
Neuroeconomics has emerged as a field of study with the goal of understanding the human decision-making process and the mental consideration of multiple outcomes based on a selected action. In particular, neuroeconomics emphasizes how economic conditions can impact and influence the decision-making process and alternately, how human actions have the power to impact economic conditions. Neuroeconomics and the Decision-Making Process presents the latest research on the relationship between neuroscience, economics, and human decision-making, including theoretical foundations, real-world applications, and models for implementation. Taking a cross-disciplinary approach to neuroeconomic theory and study, this publication is an essential reference source for economists, psychologists, business professionals, and graduate-level students across disciplines.
Neuroeconomics Judgment And Decision Making
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Author : Evan A. Wilhelms
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-07-11
Neuroeconomics Judgment And Decision Making written by Evan A. Wilhelms and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-11 with Psychology categories.
This volume explores how and why people make judgments and decisions that have economic consequences, and what the implications are for human well-being. It provides an integrated review of the latest research from many different disciplines, including social, cognitive, and developmental psychology; neuroscience and neurobiology; and economics and business. The book has six areas of focus: historical foundations; cognitive consistency and inconsistency; heuristics and biases; neuroeconomics and neurobiology; developmental and individual differences; and improving decisions. Throughout, the contributors draw out implications from traditional behavioral research as well as evidence from neuroscience. In recent years, neuroscientific methods have matured, beyond being simply correlational and descriptive, into theoretical prediction and explanation, and this has opened up many new areas of discovery about economic behavior that are reviewed in the book. In the final part, there are applications of the research to cognitive development, individual differences, and the improving of decisions. The book takes a broad perspective and is written in an accessible way so as to reach a wide audience of advanced students and researchers interested in behavioral economics and related areas. This includes neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, clinicians, psychologists (developmental, social, and cognitive), economists and other social scientists; legal scholars and criminologists; professionals in public health and medicine; educators; evidence-based practitioners; and policy-makers.