Social Policies And Water Sector Reform
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Social Policies And Water Sector Reform
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Author : Naren Prasad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Social Policies And Water Sector Reform written by Naren Prasad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Social policy categories.
Increasing coverage and maintaining infrastructure are two of the biggest challenges confronting the water supply sector in both industrialized and developing countries. The last two decades have witnessed reform in this sector that has resulted in increased private sector participation (PSP), and it is now time to investigate whether such reform has managed to increase access without creating additional burdens, especially on the poor. A research project carried out by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Social Policy, Regulation and Private Sector Involvement in Water Supply, has demonstrated the shortcomings of concession-type contracts and how regulation in developing countries is faced with major challenges. Based on this research, the present paper demonstrates that, in such circumstances, regulation should be complemented by social policies when reforming the water sector. This paper draws lessons from seven country studies: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Great Britain, France, Hungary and Malaysia. All of these country studies show the shortcomings of PSP and how social policies are crucial in addressing the issues of access and affordability. The choice of social policies varies from country to country. In France and Great Britain, heavy public investment was used to ensure universal access to piped water. In these countries, even with high regulatory capacity, social policies in the water sector have been crucial. For example, in France, they consist mainly of ex-post assistance to those who cannot afford to pay their water bills, operating a fund for rural water supply and prohibition of disconnection. Social policies in Great Britain include income support based on property values, subsidies, a ban on disconnections, various forms of social security support and social assistance in paying water bills. In addition, there exists an effective and independent economic regulatory body. In the case of Colombia, a subsidy helps provide the poor with access to affordable water. In addition, investment commitments prescribed to the private sector have been useful in increasing coverage. Similarly, in Brazil, the desire to make water supply universal led to heavy investment in the 1970s, and effective social policies (cross-subsidies) helped to increase coverage among the poor. However, the current impasse on whether the state or municipality has the right to grant concessions to the private sector is jeopardizing further progress. The government in Hungary provides subsidies to regions that have high production costs. In addition, industrial users cross-subsidize domestic consumption, and income transfers by central or local authorities shoulder some of the households' burden of water expenditures. Tariffs are kept low (a "hidden" social policy) and no disconnection is allowed in the case of non-payment of bills. The private sector has increased efficiency in the system, but investment is financed by the state. In Malaysia, the social policies that are in place comprise state financing of water supply in rural areas, cross-subsidy (industrial users to domestic) and a lifeline block tariff. In addition, the private sector is contractually obliged to increase coverage in urban and rural areas. In Burkina Faso, although the efficiency of the network has substantially improved with commercialization through PSP, there is growing pressure to dismantle social policies.
Social Policies And Private Sector Participation In Water Supply
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Author : N. Prasad
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-04-01
Social Policies And Private Sector Participation In Water Supply written by N. Prasad and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book demonstrates that, when reforming the water sector, policymakers should arrange social policies that mitigate the negative impact of reforms. It presents a detailed analysis of the current issues, and uses country studies to show how social policies are vital in ensuring affordable access to water supply.
Water Policy Water Politics Social Engineering And Strategic Action In Water Sector Reform
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Water Policy Water Politics Social Engineering And Strategic Action In Water Sector Reform written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Yemen S Water Sector Reform Program
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Author : Christopher Ward
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Yemen S Water Sector Reform Program written by Christopher Ward and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Poverty categories.
This paper presents the findings of a Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) of Yemen's water sector reform program. PSIA is the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, with a particular focus on the poor and vulnerable. PSIA also examines vested interests to assess issues of sustainability and risk in policy reform. Among other analyses, the study builds on the Yemen Country Water Resource Assistance Strategy (CWRAS, World Bank 2005a) and the Country Social Analysis (CSA, World Bank 2006a). The CWRAS had identified the political economy as main constraint to water sector reform. The CSA assessed livelihoods and power relations in Yemeni society, and called specifically for a poverty and social impact analysis in the water sector. The PSIA recommendations, which address the above key messages, will be implemented through the NWSSIP Update and operations.
Water Law Poverty And Development
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Author : Philippe Cullet
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-07-16
Water Law Poverty And Development written by Philippe Cullet and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This monograph comprehensively examines water law regulations and reform in the present decade, going beyond a simple analysis of existing water law and regulations to encompass environmental, social, economic, and human rights aspects of water as a natural resource. Using the specific case of India and on the related international law and policy framework that directly influences water regulatory developments in India, this book offers what will be the first and only analysis of water law reforms taking place at the national level in many developing countries in their domestic and international context. On the one hand, international freshwater law remains under-developed and existing legal instruments such as the 1997 UN Convention only address a limited set of relevant issues. Yet, the international law and policy framework concerning freshwater is increasingly important in shaping up law reforms taking place at the national level, in particular in developing countries. Indeed, non-binding resolutions such as the Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development (1992) have had an immense influence on water law reforms in most developing countries. This book seeks to conceive of and analyse freshwater regulation in a broader context, and go beyond a literature that either lauds or criticises ongoing water sector reforms to provide an analytical basis for the reforms which all countries will have to adopt in the near or medium-term future.
Water Sector Reforms
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Author : Mutumba Mainga Bull
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Water Sector Reforms written by Mutumba Mainga Bull and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Water resources development categories.
Reasserting The Public In Public Services
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Author : M. Ramesh
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-02-25
Reasserting The Public In Public Services written by M. Ramesh and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This landmark volume brings together leading social scientists including B Guy Peters, Anthony Cheung and Jon Pierre to systematically discuss emerging patterns of the reassertion of the state in the delivery of essential public services. Its coverage includes education, health care, transport and water in Asian and western countries.
Beyond The Fine Print
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Author : Nicole Bleyleben
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Beyond The Fine Print written by Nicole Bleyleben and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This dissertation sheds new light upon the complex interplay of factors (social, political and economic) that constrain the enabling environment for water sector reform and private sector participation (PSP) by analysing of the process of policy reform and the nature of stakeholder engagement in the provision of water and sanitation. Findings are based on an in depth case study of the La Paz/El Alto concession arrangement from 1997-2005, when the contract was abruptly terminated. The analysis is encompassed within the New Institutional Economics conceptual framework as it provides a holistic application of economic analysis on the role of incentives, institutions and behaviour, providing a common link in understanding between traditional economists and other social scientists, allowing for greater reflection as to the ways socio-political, cultural and historical contexts determine the behaviour of those involved in the water reform process. The delicate nature of the water sector provides evidence of how under certain institutional constraints, and where optimum accumulation of information is virtually impossible, human behaviour can become motivated by a volatile set of preferences, making it particularly difficult for policy-makers to manage the reform process and accurately predict reform outcomes. Research findings conclude that the difficulties policy-makers faced in reforming the water sector and introducing PSP in the case of La Paz/El Alto, stemmed from three fundamental factors: (i) The reform process did not consider how race-based socio-political and economic hierarchies, endemic in Bolivian history and culture, would influence intended outcomes; (ii) stakeholders underestimated the transaction costs involved in the process of reform and PPP implementation due to information and bargaining asymmetries; (iii) systemic barriers, beyond the control of stakeholders involved, constrained the space for partnership innovation and flexibility in the provision of water and sanitation, debilitating the possibilities for future collaboration between civil society, government and the private sector.
The Institutional Economics Of Water
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Author : R. Maria Saleth
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004-01-01
The Institutional Economics Of Water written by R. Maria Saleth and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Nature categories.
This publication examines issues of water sector reform and performance from the perspectives of institutional economics and political economic studies. The authors develop an alternative quantitative assessment methodology based on the principle of 'institutional ecology', as well as data collected from 127 water experts from 43 countries and regions around the world using a cross-country review of recent water sector reforms within an institutional transaction cost framework.
Poverty And Social Impact Analysis Of Reforms
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Author : Aline Coudouel
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Poverty And Social Impact Analysis Of Reforms written by Aline Coudouel and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Social Science categories.
"Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is an approach used increasingly by governments, civil society organizations, the World Bank, and other development partners to examine the distributional impacts of policy reforms on the well-being of different stakeholders groups, particularly the poor and vulnerable. PSIA has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries because it promotes evidence-based policy choices and fosters debate on policy reform options. Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms presents a collection of case studies that illustrate the spectrum of sectors and policy reforms to which PSIA can be applied; it also elaborates on the broad range of analytical tools and techniques that can be used for PSIA. The case studies provide examples of the impact that PSIA can have on the design of policy reforms and draw operational lessons for PSIA implementation. The case studies deal largely with policy reforms in a single sector, such as agriculture (crop marketing boards in Malawi and Tanzania and cotton privatization in Tajikistan); energy (mining sector in Romania and oil subsidies in Ghana); utilities (power sector reform in Ghana, Rwanda, and transition economies, and water sector reform in Albania); social sectors (education reform in Mozambique and social welfare reform in Sri Lanka); taxation reform (Nicaragua); as well as macroeconomic modeling (Burkina Faso)."