Social Ties During Incarceration And Community Reentry

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Social Ties During Incarceration And Community Reentry

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Author : Corey Logan Whichard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Social Ties During Incarceration And Community Reentry written by Corey Logan Whichard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

This dissertation focuses on gaining a deeper understand of the role of social relationships in structuring the experiences of male prisoners during incarceration and community reentry. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to explore the extent to which inmate social ties may serve as a means of linking in-prison and post-release experiences. The first chapter provides an overview of past research on the social dynamics of prison life and the salience of interpersonal relationships for reintegration and desistance following prison release. The purpose of the introduction chapter is to situate the dissertation within the literature on incarcertion and reentry, while simultaneously motivating the specific research questions that are addressed in the empirical chapters. The second chapter describes the study design and data sources used to investigate the research questions. Data for this dissertation come from a combination of social network surveys, official prison records, and qualitative interviews. The analyses rely on information from a baseline sample of 137 male prisoners housed in two state correctional facilities within Pennsylvania, as well as a post-release sample of 64 respondents who were successfully reinterviewed during the first few months of community reentry. Because this dissertation relies heavily on social network analysis, the second chapter provides a simple description of the strengths of this method for understanding relational phenomena.The third chapter examines whether respondents in-prison relationships to other inmates are associated with their out-of-prison ties to people in the community. I operationalize in-prison ties using a combination of inmate social network measures and survey items, and out-of-prison ties using a variety of measures based on official visitation data. Bivariate analysis indicates that in-prison ties have a significant, negative correlation with out-of-prison ties. To explore potential mechanisms that may account for this correlation, I draw on narrative excerpts from four ideal type respondents.The fourth chapter investigates respondent expectations for future relationships measured while they are preparing to leave prison. The goal of this analysis is to understand how soon-to-be-released prisoners anchor their expectations for strong social ties to particular kinds of people as they are readying for reentry, as social capital research shows that strong ties are most likely to be called upon for emotional and material assistance during times of need. Using egocentric network data on each respondents expected future network, I apply techniques from multi-level modeling to analyze variation in two dimensions of expected relationship strength. Overall, the results indicate that respondents were optimistic about their future social dynamics. The average respondent expected that community reentry would be characterized by warm relationships and a return to family life. Moreover, the regression analyses revealed that respondents expected to have particularly strong ties based on the nature of their relationship with the prospective alter, whether the alter visited them in prison, and the extent to which they viewed the alter as a network kinkeeper. The fifth chapter focuses on what actually transpires during the first few months after respondents leave prison. The purpose of this chapter is to statistically assess the correlates of expected tie actualization, and then supplement these quantitative results using qualitative data wherein respondents themselves describe why they were able to successfully connect with some alters, while other expected relationships failed to manifest. Results showed that about half of the expected relationships were successfully actualized during reentry. Longitudinal analysis indicated that respondents were significantly more likely to successfully reconnect with certain kinds of alters (e.g., mothers, fathers, children), alters who visited them in prison, alters they regarded as network kinkeepers, and alters with whom they expected to have particularly strong ties. Narrative excerpts revealed that respondents were surprised and dissapointed by the interpersonal dynamics of reentry, with many respondents emphasizing that they did not realize how unprepared they were for the reality of social life following prison release. At the end of the chapter, I summarize key themes that emerged during discussions with respondents regarding why they were unable to successfully actualize expected ties.

The Effects Of Incarceration And Reentry On Community Health And Well Being

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-03-17

The Effects Of Incarceration And Reentry On Community Health And Well Being written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-17 with Medical categories.

The high rate of incarceration in the United States contributes significantly to the nation's health inequities, extending beyond those who are imprisoned to families, communities, and the entire society. Since the 1970s, there has been a seven-fold increase in incarceration. This increase and the effects of the post-incarceration reentry disproportionately affect low-income families and communities of color. It is critical to examine the criminal justice system through a new lens and explore opportunities for meaningful improvements that will promote health equity in the United States. The National Academies convened a workshop on June 6, 2018 to investigate the connection between incarceration and health inequities to better understand the distributive impact of incarceration on low-income families and communities of color. Topics of discussion focused on the experience of incarceration and reentry, mass incarceration as a public health issue, women's health in jails and prisons, the effects of reentry on the individual and the community, and promising practices and models for reentry. The programs and models that are described in this publication are all Philadelphia-based because Philadelphia has one of the highest rates of incarceration of any major American city. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.

Prisoner Reentry In The 21st Century

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Author : Keesha M. Middlemass
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-11-04

Prisoner Reentry In The 21st Century written by Keesha M. Middlemass and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-04 with Law categories.

This groundbreaking edited volume evaluates prisoner reentry using a critical approach to demonstrate how the many issues surrounding reentry do not merely intersect but are in fact reinforcing and interdependent. The number of former incarcerated persons with a felony conviction living in the United States has grown significantly in the last decade, reaching into the millions. When men and women are released from prison, their journey encompasses a range of challenges that are unique to each individual, including physical and mental illnesses, substance abuse, gender identity, complicated family dynamics, the denial of rights, and the inability to voice their experiences about returning home. Although scholars focus on the obstacles former prisoners encounter and how to reduce recidivism rates, the main challenge of prisoner reentry is how multiple interdependent issues overlap in complex ways. By examining prisoner reentry from various critical perspectives, this volume depicts how the carceral continuum, from incarceration to reentry, negatively impacts individuals, families, and communities; how the criminal justice system extends different forms of social control that break social networks; and how the shifting nature of prisoner reentry has created new and complicated obstacles to those affected by the criminal justice system. This volume explores these realities with respect to a range of social, community, political, and policy issues that former incarcerated persons must navigate to successfully reenter society. A springboard for future critical research and policy discussions, this book will be of interest to U.S. and international researchers and practitioners interested in the topic of prisoner reentry, as well as graduate and upper-level undergraduate students concerned with contemporary issues in corrections, community-based corrections, critical issues in criminal justice, criminal justice policies, and reentry.

Global Perspectives On Re Entry

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Author : Ikponwosa Ekunwe
language : en
Publisher: University of Tampere
Release Date : 2011

Global Perspectives On Re Entry written by Ikponwosa Ekunwe and has been published by University of Tampere this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Social Science categories.

"Global Perspectives on Re-Entry explores the challenges facing ex-prisoners as they attempt to return to society after serving time in prison. The problem of re-entry is of growing interest to academics, correctional professionals and policy makers who are concerned with high rates of incarceration and the increase in the numbers of prisoners caught up in the revolving door of criminal justice. This book is the first attempt to explore the problem of re-entry from an international perspective. The focus of this book is on strategies utilized in various parts of the Western world that shed light on the struggles facing ex-prisoners upon re-entry, as well as on the way different countries have attempted to solve these problems. The book seeks to address the important set of issues involved by bringing together the best of recent research and ideas on the subject of desistance from crime around the world, with a distinct focus on how research might impact upon the implementation of ex-offender reintegration policies. The book is divided into two sections. The chapters in the first part, Societal / Institutional Perspective, consider the societal and institutional issues in different countries. The chapters in the second part of the book, Perspective of the Ex-Offender, present various viewpoints of experts with first-hand accounts of the re-entry experiences of ex-convicts."--Publisher's description.

Incarceration And Social Networks

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Author : Joanna M. Weill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Incarceration And Social Networks written by Joanna M. Weill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Previous research demonstrates that social support is essential for successful reentry into the community after incarceration. However, little research examines how incarceration itself impacts social support and how individuals with different incarceration histories have different experiences of social support. This dissertation examined how individuals' social networks, social support, and wellbeing are predicted by incarceration history. Formerly incarcerated men returning from jail and prison (N = 68) were interviewed in a procedure designed to collect information about their criminal justice histories, to map their social networks, to provide open-ended feedback about their reentry experience, and to collect a variety of other relevant demographic and scale measures. Analyses of the resulting data provided little evidence that an individual's most recent incarceration impacts their social network, social support, or wellbeing. However, conditions of individuals' previous and lifetime incarcerations did have significant predictive power. Individuals who were incarcerated for longer in prison in the past, incarcerated in any setting for longer in the past, incarcerated in any setting for longer throughout their lifetime, and/or incarcerated further from home throughout their lifetime were found to have less support available to them. Conditions of previous and lifetime incarceration also predicted alter closeness, the incarceration history of alters, and participant wellbeing. The relationships between previous and lifetime incarceration and these outcomes were not mediated by participants' prisonization or by their identification with people inside or people outside of prison and jail. Qualitative analyses provided additional information about support during reentry, including highlighting the physical and emotional distance created by incarceration, the important role that technology and social media plays in support after reentry, and the complicated nature of relationships with other individuals who have been incarcerated. These findings can be used by correctional facilities, probation and parole officers, and non-profit and government service providers to help determine which reentering individuals are least likely to have support and close network members, and which individuals are most likely to have a greater prevalence of formerly incarcerated network members and poor wellbeing. Providing these individuals with additional reentry services has the potential to reduce recidivism and increase public safety.

Prisoner Reentry And Social Capital

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Author : Angela J. Hattery
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2010-05-26

Prisoner Reentry And Social Capital written by Angela J. Hattery and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-26 with Social Science categories.

'If you do the crime you gotta do the time.' This adage reflects the overall attitude most Americans have about crime and the criminal justice system. Implicit in this adage is the notion that once 'the time' is done, the individual is free to re-enter society and resume a normal life. In Prisoner Re-entry and Social Capital, authors Earl Smith and Angela J. Hattery challenge this myth. Prisoner Re-entry and Social Capital takes as its starting point interviews with twenty-five men and women during the summer of 2008 about their experiences with re-entering the 'free world' after a period of incarceration. By analyzing the experiences of these men and women, Smith and Hattery look in depth at the factors that inhibit successful re-entry and illustrate some successes and failures. The book examines individual characteristics that inhibit successful re-entry such as addiction and sex offender status as well as the unique challenges faced by women. Uniquely, Smith and Hattery focus on the role that social capital plays as one of the most important factors that shapes the re-entry experience. Today, one of the most pressing issues facing scholars, those who work in the criminal justice system, and the citizenry as a whole is the extraordinarily high rate of recidivism. These interviews and analyses provide a deeper and more precise understanding of the biases faced by re-entry felons in the labor market and work to address the key barriers to re-entry in hopes to aid in their elimination.

How Offenders Transform Their Lives

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Author : Bonita Veysey
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-01-11

How Offenders Transform Their Lives written by Bonita Veysey and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-11 with Social Science categories.

At a time when the scale of imprisonment in the United States has reached a historic high, researchers estimate that more than 600,000 individuals a year are released from prison to return to their home communities. These individuals have serious needs, such as finding employment and housing, reuniting with family members, and obtaining healthcare and treatment for alcohol and substance abuse problems. While research in this area has stressed these aspects of the transition from prison, a less explored area of research considers the role of internal identity shifts from that of an offender to one of citizen, and how this creates the conditions for desistance from criminal behavior both within the confines of a correctional facility and in the reentry process. This book presents a series of studies (mostly qualitative) that investigate individual identity transformation from offender status to pro-social, non-offending roles. Moreover, the work in this volume highlights the perspectives of the men and women who are current or formerly incarcerated people. Each piece provides an empirical analysis of the interaction between current or former prisoners and innovative pro-social programs and networks, which are grounded in the most current theoretical work about individual transformation and change. This book will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and lecturers in all fields within the social sciences, but especially criminology and criminal justice and sociology and social work/welfare.

Gender Social Ties And Reentry Experiences

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Author : Jennifer Rhiannon Scroggins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Gender Social Ties And Reentry Experiences written by Jennifer Rhiannon Scroggins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

A great deal of research has been conducted on factors associated with successful prisoner reentry. However, except for a few studies on women's reentry, most studies have failed to examine the role of parolees' social ties in contributing to reentry outcomes. Additionally, most studies on prisoner reentry only focused on male parolees, and few addressed the influence of gender on reentry experiences. Thus, my goal in this dissertation is to understand the influence of gender on male and female parolees' social ties, and how the resources their ties provide shape their reentry experiences. My dissertation research examines men and women's strong- and weak-tie relationships and the resources available to them via their relationships to understand how these resources shape their reentry experiences. Study data, which were collected from indepth interviews with fifty men and women under parole supervision, showed that they underwent many changes in their strong- and weak-tie relationships during and after incarceration. Shifts toward closer and more positive relationships with families and the addition of pro-social weak-tie relationships resulted in more tangible and intangible resources that were considered by the men and women as important to their reentry success. Data analysis showed that the relationship patterns experienced by the men and women in the present study were largely consistent with gendered relationship patterns described in the literature, but that patterns of resource availability from their social ties were less consistent with those described in the literature. Findings from the study suggest the influence of gender on men and women's social ties, as reflected in different patterns of strong-tie relationships experienced prior to, during, and after incarceration, and also reveal some similarities between men and women with regard to increases in the number of weak-tie relationships with various pro-social individuals after incarceration. By showing the significant role of social ties, especially strong-ties, in providing tangible and intangible resources to parolees upon their release from prison, this study provides support for social control theory and highlights the importance of helping ex-offenders develop and maintain positive social ties with pro-social individuals to enhance the availability of resources necessary for successful reentry.

On The Outside

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Author : David J. Harding
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2019-02-21

On The Outside written by David J. Harding and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-21 with Social Science categories.

One of the Vera Institute of Justice’s Best Criminal Justice Books of 2019 America’s high incarceration rates are a well-known facet of contemporary political conversations. Mentioned far less often is what happens to the nearly 700,000 former prisoners who rejoin society each year. On the Outside examines the lives of twenty-two people—varied in race and gender but united by their time in the criminal justice system—as they pass out of the prison gates and back into the world. The book takes a clear-eyed look at the challenges faced by formerly incarcerated citizens as they try to find work, housing, and stable communities. Standing alongside these individual portraits is a quantitative study conducted by the authors that followed every state prisoner in Michigan who was released on parole in 2003 (roughly 11,000 individuals) for the next seven years, providing a comprehensive view of their postprison neighborhoods, families, employment, and contact with the parole system. On the Outside delivers a powerful combination of hard data and personal narrative that shows why our country continues to struggle with the social and economic reintegration of the formerly incarcerated. For further information, including an instructor guide and slide deck, please visit: http://ontheoutsidebook.us/home/instructors

The Road Back Home

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Author : Ashley Jones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

The Road Back Home written by Ashley Jones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Crime categories.

The present study explores the role social relationships play in reducing recidivism rates in one nonprofit organization. Social bonds that formed between ex-offenders, staff and community members were initiated through shared experience, common goals, and effective storytelling. By using 80 hours of participant observation and 8 in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated men and the staff of a nonprofit reentry program, this project contributes to the study of the process of reentry. A more holistic understanding of the needs of ex-offenders have necessary to reduce barriers men face during their reentry process. In this paper, I argue that forming social bonds between clients, community members, and organizations are critical during the reentry process. This argument is two-fold. From the perspective of community members and organizations - forming social solidarity with ex-offenders encourages community members to support ex-offenders by providing needed resources. From the perspective of ex-offenders - forming social bonds with the community helps ex-offenders with identity transformation, gain emotional support, and have a sense of guidance and regulation. Findings from this study highlight the fact that formerly incarcerated persons need more than physical resources to prevent recidivism. Ex-offenders having the opportunity to develop social relationships are also vital to reducing recidivism rates.