Soil Clays
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Soil Clays
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Author : G. Jock Churchman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-06-10
Soil Clays written by G. Jock Churchman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As the human population grows from seven billion toward an inevitable nine or 10 billion, the demands on the limited supply of soils will grow and intensify. Soils are essential for the sustenance of almost all plants and animals, including humans, but soils are virtually infinitely variable. Clays are the most reactive and interactive inorganic compounds in soils. Clays in soils often differ from pure clay minerals of geological origin. They provide a template for most of the reactive organic matter in soils. They directly affect plant nutrients, soil temperature and pH, aggregate sizes and strength, porosity and water-holding capacities. This book aims to help improve predictions of important properties of soils through a modern understanding of their highly reactive clay minerals as they are formed and occur in soils worldwide. It examines how clays occur in soils and the role of soil clays in disparate applications including plant nutrition, soil structure, and water-holding capacity, soil quality, soil shrinkage and swelling, carbon sequestration, pollution control and remediation, medicine, forensic investigation, and deciphering human and environmental histories. Features: Provides information on the conditions that lead to the formation of clay minerals in soils Distinguishes soil clays and types of clay minerals Describes clay mineral structures and their origins Describes occurrences and associations of clays in soil Details roles of clays in applications of soils Heavily illustrated with photos, diagrams, and electron micrographs Includes user-friendly description of a new method of identification To know soil clays is to enable their use toward achieving improvements in the management of soils for enhancing their performance in one or more of their three main functions of enabling plant growth, regulating water flow to plants, and buffering environmental changes. This book provides an easily-read and extensively-illustrated description of the nature, formation, identification, occurrence and associations, measurement, reactivities, and applications of clays in soils.
Iron In Soils And Clay Minerals
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Author : J.W. Stucki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Iron In Soils And Clay Minerals written by J.W. Stucki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Probably more than any other element, iron markedly influences the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments in the earth. Considering its transition metal status, with potential variation in electronic configuration, ionic radius, and magnetic moment, combined with its abundance and relatively large mass, little wonder that one sees its unique influence on every hand. Pre sentations at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO AS!) on Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals reviewed and discussed the occurrence, behavior, and properties of Fe-bearing minerals found in soils and in the clay mineral groups kaolinite, smectite, and mica. Also discussed at the NATO AS! were the basic chemical properties of Fe, methods for separating and identifying Fe in minerals, and the role of Fe minerals in weathering and other soil-forming processes. The present publication is the reviewed and edited proceedings of that Advanced Study Institute. The sequence of chapters follows the general pattern beginning with introductory chapters which overview the general occurrence of Fe in the earth and its chemistry, both generally and in mineral environments, followed by identification and characterization methods for Fe and Fe phases in minerals. The properties and behavior of Fe oxides, Fe-bearing clay minerals, and other Fe minerals in soils are then described, and the text ends with a summary of the role of Fe in soil-forming processes. A Table of Contents and subject index are provided to assist the reader in finding specific topics within the text.
The Science Of Clays
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Author : Swapna Mukherjee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-09
The Science Of Clays written by Swapna Mukherjee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-09 with Science categories.
This book is an attempt to provide a comprehensive and coherent description of three widely separated aspects of clays: the science of clays; the industrial uses of clays; and the role of clays in the environment. Most of the existing literature lacks such an integrated study and this work endeavours to fill that gap. An exhaustive account of the science of clays is presented in Part I of the book, which includes the classification, origin and evolution, composition and internal structure, chemical and physical properties of clays; soil mechanics; and analytical techniques for determining clay constituents. Part II provides a comprehensive description of the applications of clays and their derivatives in various industries, while Part III describes the role of clays in the environment; the pollution caused by clay minerals; and the application of clays in order to prevent environmental hazards. A principal feature of the book is its explanation of how the structure and composition of particular clay types facilitate their specific industrial or environmental applications, thus describing the interrelationship between three widely varying aspects of clay. A number of thought-provoking questions are raised at the end of the work in order to leave readers with a better insight in this regard.
The Origin Of Clay Minerals In Soils And Weathered Rocks
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Author : Bruce B. Velde
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-18
The Origin Of Clay Minerals In Soils And Weathered Rocks written by Bruce B. Velde and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-18 with Science categories.
Of course such a book as we propose here is not the product of just two people working together, although the experience has been a great pleasure for us. We would like to thank our many collaborators and students who have encouraged our effort by their, often, sharp criticism. We hope that we have used their comments to good effect. Es- cially we would like to thank Pierre Barré for his help, enthusiasm and consent for the use of much of his thesis material in formulating the last chapter of the book. Dominique Righi was instrumental in giving us ideas, useful comments and vigorous debate for a great number of our ideas and during the periods of formulation of our conclusions. Our approach is from mineral chemistry and hence has greatly benefited from disc- sions with people who know soils and plants. The project of this book was realized and encouraged with the help of Wolfgang Engel who, unfortunately is not with us to see its finalization. We greatly regret his passing. This book is not in the general pattern of accepted knowledge and analysis of the phenomena which affect the occurrence of clays in the surface environment. We stress the role of plants at the bio-interface and the importance of microsystems at the water/ rock interface. We believe that the literature at our and anyone’s disposal shows that the system of clay formation and reaction is highly dynamic, especially at the surface.
Soils Plants And Clay Minerals
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Author : Pierre Velde
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-23
Soils Plants And Clay Minerals written by Pierre Velde and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-23 with Science categories.
This book represents a rather complicated history of encounters, changes in research interest and some very interesting results. Initially it is the very fruitful interaction of Ecology and Geology. The point of view of ecologists is extremely refreshing for hard science people. Interaction and inter-relationships are the focus of Ecology whereas the traditional sciences, such as Geology, have tried to isolate the natural phenomena so that thye could be studied in a more rigorous manner. The traditional sciences were of course natural science – based since the world to be observed was at the door step of everyone, mountains, weather patterns, plants and so forth. Chemistry and Physics were de ned after Mathematics in order to establish more precise and viable principles of the behavior of the materials that formed the world around mankind. It became quite clear that the observation of the natural world was too complicated to consider all of the possible variables which could affect anobserved process or situation. The systems were simpli ed and taken into the laboratory in order to better master the phenomena observed. Physics c- cerned itself with non-reacting materials, subjected to essentially mechanical forces.
Geology Of Clays
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Author : Georges Millot
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-11
Geology Of Clays written by Georges Millot and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-11 with Science categories.
Clay Materials Used In Construction
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Author : George M. Reeves
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2006
Clay Materials Used In Construction written by George M. Reeves and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Architecture categories.
Concluding the trilogy on geological materials in construction, this authoritative volume reviews many uses of clays, ranging from simple fills to sophisticated products. Comprehensive and international coverage is achieved by an expert team, including geologists, engineers and architects. Packed with information prepared for a wide readership, this unique handbook is also copiously illustrated. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Alec Skempton. Various definitions of 'clay' are explored. Clay mineralogy is described, plus the geological formation of clay deposits and their fundamental materials properties. World and British clay deposits are reviewed and explained. New compositional data are provided for clay formations throughout the stratigraphic column. Investigative techniques and interpretation are considered, ranging from site exploration to laboratory assessment of composition and engineering performance. Major civil engineering applications are addressed, including earthworks, earthmoving and specialized roles utilizing clays. Traditional earthen building is included and shown to dominate construction in places. Clay-based construction materials are detailed, including bricks, ceramics and cements. The volume also includes a comprehensive glossary.
World Soil Resources And Food Security
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Author : Rattan Lal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-09-13
World Soil Resources And Food Security written by Rattan Lal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-13 with Nature categories.
Soil—The Basis of All Terrestrial Life Ancient civilizations and cultures—Mayan, Aztec, Mesopotamian, Indus, and Yangtze—were built on good soils, surviving only as long as soils had the capacity to support them. In the twenty-first century, productive soil is still the engine of economic development and essential to human well-being. The quality of our soil resources, however, is threatened by human-induced and natural perturbations. World Soil Resources and Food Security takes an in-depth look at the availability and status of soil resources in the context of the growing demands of an increasing world population and rising expectations of living standards. This timely reference presents current information on the soil resources available for food production. Presenting innovative strategies for soil and water management, it discusses how to maintain or improve the world’s soil resources in order to increase food production. With the majority of the world’s 1.02 billion food-insecure people concentrated in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, several chapters focus on soil resources in these regions. Contributions from renowned scientists deal with topics including: Global food situations World soil resources Soil resources of humid Asia and their acidification Soil resources of South Asia Properties and management of Vertisols Use of radioisotopic techniques in soil management The potential of rain-fed agriculture in the semiarid tropics The status of land degradation Nutrient balance in sub-Saharan Africa The book concludes by outlining the need for further research to generate credible data on soil resources and degradation. This volume is a useful resource for those interested in the state of the soils of the world in relation to food security and environmental quality.
Methods Of Soil Analysis
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Author : Soil Science Society of America
language : en
Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA
Release Date : 2008
Methods Of Soil Analysis written by Soil Science Society of America and has been published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The latest installment in the well-received Methods of Soil Analysis series, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 5. Mineralogical Methods, presents valuable techniques that will enable researchers to analyze mineralogy for a wide variety of applications. An understanding of mineralogical composition provides crucial insight into the fundamental behavior of soils and their response to environmental conditions and management. Highlights include extensive coverage of new techniques, such as X-ray absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and updated chapters on thermal analysis and selective dissolution methodologies. Each chapter provides the basic principles of the method, guides the reader through the method itself, and finally assists in the interpretation and analysis of results collected.
The Soils Of Israel
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Author : Arieh Singer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-04
The Soils Of Israel written by Arieh Singer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-04 with Science categories.
This book describes the soils of Israel, offering details of their distribution, chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics and agricultural attributes. The pathways to the formation of each soil type are discussed against the background of such soil-forming factors as climate, lithology and physiography. The distribution of the different soil types is explained, based on the relationships between soils and soil-forming factors. This the first reference on the topic since 1948.