Some Factors Affecting Seed Yield In Medicago Sativa L

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Some Factors Affecting Seed Yield In Medicago Sativa L

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Author : Raymond Ditterline
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970

Some Factors Affecting Seed Yield In Medicago Sativa L written by Raymond Ditterline and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Alfalfa categories.

Influence Of Self Fertility And Temperature On Seed Yield Components In Medicago Sativa L

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Author : Kolli P. Rao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968

Influence Of Self Fertility And Temperature On Seed Yield Components In Medicago Sativa L written by Kolli P. Rao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Heterosis categories.

Some Physiological Factors And Their Effects Upon The Fruiting And Vegetative Responses Of Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L And Sweet Clover Melilotus Alba Desr

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Author : Robert Francis Fuelleman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1938

Some Physiological Factors And Their Effects Upon The Fruiting And Vegetative Responses Of Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L And Sweet Clover Melilotus Alba Desr written by Robert Francis Fuelleman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1938 with Alfalfa categories.

Some Factors That Affect Pollination And Seed Formation In Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L

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Author : Norman Richard Bradner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964

Some Factors That Affect Pollination And Seed Formation In Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L written by Norman Richard Bradner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Alfalfa categories.

The objectives of this study were (a) to measure the amount of cross-pollination caused by three bee species at 10, 20 and 40 rods distance from a foreign pollen source, (b) to measure the effects of bee species, planting pattern and season on broad sense heritability estimates for seed yield in alfalfa, (c) to determine the incidence of selfing caused by the bees, (d) to investigate the usefulness of bees as a breeding tool in alfalfa and (e) to determine which of the three planting patterns used in this investigation is the best in effecting the maximum amount of cross-pollination. Three bee species, the honey bee, Apis mellifera L.; the leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata F. and the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Ckll. were chosen for this investigation because of their importance as pollinators in alfalfa. Studies under conditions of good isolation for bee species and competitive bloom were necessary to obtain reliable results. In the center of a three mile square isolated area, seven plots of recessive white-flowered clonally established plants were planted 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 rods north of a colored-flowered population, and seven plots were planted at the same distance east of the colored-flowered population. Seven planting patterns were used in the east series. Three of these were utilized by the bees described. The number of florets tripped, pods developed and seeds developed in each pod were recorded for each raceme visited by pollen collecting bees. Seed samples from the white-flowered clones were grown in a greenhouse to ascertain whether the seed resulted from cross- or self-pollination. A record of flower color in 1963 demonstrated that at 10, 20 and 40 rods from a contaminant source honey bees caused 15.7, 11.2 and 5.8 percent cross-pollination; leaf-cutter bees caused 13.1, 4.8 and 8.1 percent cross-pollination while endemic pollinators caused 42.9, 30.9 and 10.0 percent cross-pollination in 1962. An important fact in this regard was that endemic pollinators caused 6.52 percent cross-pollination at a distance of a mile. Bee species, planting pattern and season caused large fluctuations in broad sense heritability estimates for seed yield in alfalfa. The ratio environmental variance to phenotypic variance gave a good indication which environmental factor caused the most fluctuation in the estimate. When endemic pollinators were used 94.7, 88.3, 36.3 and 23.1 percent selfed seeds were recorded as occurring in pods with one, two, three and four or more seeds per pod. One seven seeded pod was recorded as possessing three selfed seeds. Data from leaf-cutter bees showed that all of the pod types had over 67 percent selfed seeds. Distance from the contaminant source affected the percentage selfed seeds. At 40 rods only the four or more seeded pods contained any crossed seeds (20 percent) Leaf-cutter bees trip 27-50 percent more florets per raceme and cause less cross-pollination at 10, 20 and 40 rods than honey bees. Honey bees cause approximately the same amount of cross-pollination at 10 and 20 rods while the value obtained at 20 rods for the leaf-cutter bee was close to one-third of the value at 10 rods. Leaf-cutter bees also showed less preference between colored- and white-flowered alfalfa flowers. Of several planting patterns considered, maximum cross-pollination was obtained in a plot planted with alternating rows of alfalfa.

The Role Of Seed Coating In The Establishment And Growth Of Medicago Sativa L Cultivars

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Author : Leana Nel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

The Role Of Seed Coating In The Establishment And Growth Of Medicago Sativa L Cultivars written by Leana Nel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Gene Flow In Alfalfa

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Author : Allen Emile Van Deynze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Gene Flow In Alfalfa written by Allen Emile Van Deynze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Alfalfa categories.

"Although there have been instances in which low-level presence of regulated materials has resulted in market disruptions (e.g., Starlink corn, LL601 and LL604 rice), there is no evidence of significant market disruption associated with the commercialization of deregulated biotech traits in the United States. Concurrent with increased U.S. farmer adoption of biotech traits in corn, soybean, and cotton there have been increases in U.S. grain/fiber export (USDA-FAS 2007) and organic production (USDA-NASS 2007a, b, c). Although only 3 to 5% of the U.S. alfalfa hay production is sold to GE-sensitive markets (Putnam 2006), production for these markets has significant economic importance in specific regions of the United States. Approximately 33% of U.S. alfalfa seed production is exported, primarily to GE-sensitive markets. A thorough understanding of gene flow in alfalfa is critical to establishing stewardship programs that enable coexistence between alfalfa growers producing GE alfalfa hay or seed and growers producing these products for GE-sensitive markets. Understanding the relative importance of gene flow between and within feral plants, hay, and seed production fields helps to identify key biological, agricultural, and environmental barriers to gene flow and to formulate logical mitigation strategies for managing the AP of GE traits in non-GE alfalfa seed and hay. Synchrony in flowering, presence of pollinators, isolation distance, and relative abundance of pollen between pollen source and pollen recipient plants are typical biological barriers, most of which are amenable to management in hay and/or seed production systems. In general, it seems that NAFA Best Management Practices in hay and certified alfalfa seed production, coupled with the pollinator-specific isolation guidelines outlined in the NAFA Best Management Practices document, are adequate for managing AP to tolerance levels appropriate for most markets. These types of management practices are employed successfully by producers of certified seed in most crops, including alfalfa, to ensure genetic purity of seed stocks. Increased isolation distances in seed production--including production in non-GE seed production zones--use of border areas, crop rotation, use of certified seed, careful selection of the introduced pollinator, and routine elimination of neighboring feral alfalfa plants are tools that can be applied to decrease further the risk of gene flow in the production of seed for GE-sensitive markets."--Summary.

Land Use Systems In Grassland Dominated Regions

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Author : A. Lüscher
language : en
Publisher: vdf Hochschulverlag AG
Release Date : 2004

Land Use Systems In Grassland Dominated Regions written by A. Lüscher and has been published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.

Journal Of Agricultural Research

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1945

Journal Of Agricultural Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1945 with Agriculture categories.

Cytological Studies Of Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L S L I Chromosome Homology In Triploid Intersubspecific Hybrids Ii Relationships Between Fertility Level Of Inbreeding And Regularity Of Microsporogenesis In Tetraploid M Sativa

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Author : Steven Ellsworth Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

Cytological Studies Of Alfalfa Medicago Sativa L S L I Chromosome Homology In Triploid Intersubspecific Hybrids Ii Relationships Between Fertility Level Of Inbreeding And Regularity Of Microsporogenesis In Tetraploid M Sativa written by Steven Ellsworth Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Alfalfa categories.

Male Sterility In Higher Plants

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Author : Mohan L.H. Kaul
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Male Sterility In Higher Plants written by Mohan L.H. Kaul and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

" . . . . . . Nature has something more in view than that its own proper males should fecundate each blossom. " Andrew Knight Philosophical Transactions, 1799 Sterility implicating the male sex solely presents a paradoxical situation in which universality and uniqueness are harmoniously blended. It maintains a built-in outbreeding system but is not an isolating mechanism, as male steriles, the "self-emasculated" plants, outcross with their male fertile sibs normally. Both genes (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and environment, individually as well as conjointly, induce male sterility, the former being genetic and the latter nongenetic. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes (ms) or by the complementary action of nuclear (lr) and cytoplasmic (c) genes. The former is termed genic and the latter gene-cytoplasmic male sterility. Whereas genic male sterility exhibits Mendelian inheritance, gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is non-Mendelian, with specific transmissibility of the maternal cytoplasm type. Genetic male sterility is documented in 617 species and species crosses com prising 320 species, 162 genera and 43 families. Of these, genic male sterility occurs in 216 species and 17 species crosses and gene-cytoplasmic male sterility in 16 species and 271 species crosses. The Predominance of species exhibiting genic male sterility and of species crosses exhibiting gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is due to the fact that for the male sterility expression in the former, mutation of nuclear genes is required, but in the latter, mutations of both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are necessary.