Spatially Heterogeneous Prey Patterns May Be Necessary For Predator Survival
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Spatially Heterogeneous Prey Patterns May Be Necessary For Predator Survival
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Author : Fabio Giuseppe Cinquemani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Spatially Heterogeneous Prey Patterns May Be Necessary For Predator Survival written by Fabio Giuseppe Cinquemani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Spatial Pattern In Plankton Communities
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Author : John H. Steele
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-08
Spatial Pattern In Plankton Communities written by John H. Steele and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with Science categories.
The planning for the conference held at Erice, Sicily, in November 1977, began with discussions among oceanographers from several countries on the need to consider the special problems and the recent results in the study of plankton "patchiness. " An approach to the Marine Sciences Panel of the NATO Science Committee resulted in a planning grant to determine the probable content and participation in such a meeting. The planning group consisted of B. Battaglia (Padua), G. E. B. Kullenberg (Copenhagen), A. Okubo (New York), T. Platt (Halifax, Nova Scotia) and J. H. Steele (Aberdeen). The group met in Aberdeen, Scotland, in September 1976. The proposal for a NATO School on the subject of "Spatial Pattern in Plankton Communities" was accepted by the Marine Science Panel and it was agreed that it be held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice. The Centre began in 1963 with an International School of Subnuclear Physics and has since developed to include courses in many other subjects which cover various fields of basic and applied research. The original aim of the . Centre was to create, in Italy, a cultural forum of high scientific standard which would allow young research workers to appreciate problems currently of major interest in various fields of research.
Partial Differential Equations In Ecology
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Author : Sergei Petrovski
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-03-17
Partial Differential Equations In Ecology written by Sergei Petrovski and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-17 with Mathematics categories.
Partial differential equations (PDEs) have been used in theoretical ecology research for more than eighty years. Nowadays, along with a variety of different mathematical techniques, they remain as an efficient, widely used modelling framework; as a matter of fact, the range of PDE applications has even become broader. This volume presents a collection of case studies where applications range from bacterial systems to population dynamics of human riots.
Ecology Of Predator Prey Interactions
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Author : Pedro Barbosa
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-08-11
Ecology Of Predator Prey Interactions written by Pedro Barbosa and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-11 with Science categories.
This book addresses the fundamental issues of predator-prey interactions, with an emphasis on predation among arthropods, which have been better studied, and for which the database is more extensive than for the large and rare vertebrate predators. The book should appeal to ecologists interested in the broad issue of predation effects on communities.
Modeling Spatiotemporal Dynamics In Ecology
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Author : Jordi Bascompte
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1998
Modeling Spatiotemporal Dynamics In Ecology written by Jordi Bascompte and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Mathematics categories.
Throughout its history, ecology has largely been a descriptive science. Scientists are in need of a theoretical framework that will assist in the understanding of observed patterns, and will serve as a predictive tool. Since ecological systems are dynamic and spatially extended, it is particularly important to understand the processes underlying spatiotemporal patterns. This book reviews one of the newest and most important areas of theoretical ecology: the study of spatiotemporal dynamics by means of a spatially explicit approximation that allows the investigation of the effects of real space.
Antipredator Defenses In Birds And Mammals
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Author : Timothy M. Caro
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2005-09
Antipredator Defenses In Birds And Mammals written by Timothy M. Caro and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09 with Nature categories.
Tim Caro explores the many & varied ways in which prey species have evolved defensive characteristics and behaviour to confuse, outperform or outwit their predators, from the camoflaged coat of the giraffe to the extraordinary way in which South American sealions ward off the attacks of killer whales.
Spatial Variation In Predator Prey Interactions On Subtidal Rocky Reefs
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Spatial Variation In Predator Prey Interactions On Subtidal Rocky Reefs written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Electronic books categories.
Almost all large-scale studies in marine systems demonstrate variability in the patterns found between species and communities at multiple spatial scales and the spatial scale of research can have drastic effects on the interpretation of these patterns. While ecologists have traditionally used experimental methods to describe community level processes that determine patterns of species abundance at local scales, biogeographers seek to explain these patterns over much larger scales using more observational methods. Macroecological research has attempted to unite these ecological and biogeographical perspectives by combining observations of patterns of abundance and distribution over larger spatial scales with controlled manipulative experiments at a number of locations spanning hundreds to thousands of kilometers along biogeographic gradients. Grazing by sea urchins is part of a complex combination of physical and biotic factors that leads to geographic variation in community structure on temperate subtidal rocky reefs worldwide. The relative strength and community level implications of species interactionsparticularly the grazing of sea urchins and predation upon these grazers- can vary across the interacting ranges of these species. While in some systems changes in interaction strength occur along a latitudinal gradient (often in response to gradual changes in abiotic factors), variation in species interactions is often spatially heterogeneous and context-dependent, driven by changes in species abundances, community structure, and environmental conditions. For my dissertation, I utilized both observational and experimental methods at multiple spatial scales to better understand patterns of abundance and distribution of a suite of interacting species that are hypothesized to induce top-down control on temperate nearshore subtidal rocky reefs south of Point Conception, California. In the first chapter I used a biogeographical approach to describe patterns of abundance and distribution of sea urchins and their predators over the majority of their interacting range on subtidal rocky reefs along the coastlines of California and Baja California, Mexico. Rather than latitudinal gradients of abundance of each species, we found much of the variation in species abundances occurred at site and transect level scales. This local scale variation did not appear to be determined by latitudinal changes in sea surface temperature, but more likely is driven by other abiotic metrics and recruitment and dispersal dynamics. Despite this high site level variability, broad scale correlative trends suggest region-wide opportunity for top-down control in which higher densities of predators (primarily spiny lobster) lead to increased abundances of the kelp Macrocystis, presumably via reduction of sea urchin densities. These results help provide context to studies of the ecological processes that lead to variability in spatial structure and function of these communities, while cautioning against making broad scale generalizations based on inferences drawn from local-scale studies. In the second chapter, I explored the predator-urchin relationship across a latitudinal gradient within the Southern California Bight (SCB) using a macroecological comparativeexperimental approach. Mortality rates of sea urchins were derived using field tethering experiments. Experimental urchin mortality was compared to population demographics of both urchins and predators to assess factors influencing mortality across space. Mortality rates varied significantly among sites but were generally higher in the southern region of the SCB. Tethered urchin mortality decreased in areas of increased urchin abundance. Predator density and size were not predictive of urchin mortality in logistic models although sites with highest predator densities did have the highest mortality rates. These results indicate that the abundance and mortality of sea urchins within the SCB varies significantly among sites and this variation is driven in some locations by predators and in others by factors that may overwhelm or obscure the relative importance of trophic interactions. In the third chapter I used a more traditional local scale, experimental approach to assess the relative impact of predators on altering sea urchin behavior, rather than direct mortality, that might impact rocky reef community dynamics. Incorporating these non-consumptive effects (NCE) into trophic dynamic models can be particularly important in systems such as nearshore rocky reefs where targeted prey species are strong grazers of primary producers. We measured spatial variation in urchin behavior across the SCB, then compared this to predator densities at each site to assess possible correlation and inferred causation of NCE. We then used laboratory mesocosm and field enclosure experiments to measure the NCE induced by each of the predator species, using grazing rates on kelp fronds as a proxy for urchin behavior. We found evidence from the field surveys that predator density was negatively correlated to the percentage of exposed, and thus actively foraging, sea urchins. In laboratory mesocosms the presence of both lobster and sheephead significantly reduced foraging behavior of sea urchins. These findings indicate that predators can induce changes in urchin behavior over broad spatial scales despite high site level variability in the densities of these interacting species. While the debate regarding the generality of top-down forcing in these systems is primarily driven by research into the role of consumptive effects in shaping community structure, this work provides additional insight into these predator-prey interactions and the complex hierarchy of factors that determine community structure and function in kelp forest systems. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates the importance of scale in studying and interpreting patterns and processes in ecological systems. While broad scale research cannot always determine the mechanism by which patterns emerge, it does provide context for more detail oriented studies within similar systems. This dissertation should facilitate continued discussion about the relative importance of top-down verses bottom-up forcing in these subtidal rocky reef communities while cautioning against making broad scale generalizations based on inferences drawn from local-scale studies, particularly as it pertains to management and conservation planning.
Stochastic Population Dynamics In Ecology And Conservation
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Author : Russell Lande
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2003
Stochastic Population Dynamics In Ecology And Conservation written by Russell Lande and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Mathematics categories.
1. Demographic and environmental stochasticity -- 2. Extinction dynamics -- 3. Age structure -- 4. Spatial structure -- 5. Population viability analysis -- 6. Sustainable harvesting -- 7. Species diversity -- 8. Community dynamics.
Ecosystem Models Of Chesapeake Bay 1994 1996
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Ecosystem Models Of Chesapeake Bay 1994 1996 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Ecosystem management categories.
The Wildlife Techniques Manual
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Author : Nova J. Silvy
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2012-03
The Wildlife Techniques Manual written by Nova J. Silvy and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03 with Science categories.
A standard text in a variety of courses, the Techniques Manual, as it is commonly called, covers every aspect of modern wildlife management and provides practical information for applying the hundreds of methods described in its pages. To effectively incorporate the explosion of new information in the wildlife profession, this latest edition is logically organized into a two-volume set: Volume 1 is devoted to research techniques and Volume 2 focuses on management methodologies.