Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Air Pollution And Its Application In Public Health
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Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Air Pollution And Its Application In Public Health
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Author : Lixin Li
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-11-13
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Air Pollution And Its Application In Public Health written by Lixin Li and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-13 with Computers categories.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Application in Public Health reviews, in detail, the tools needed to understand the spatial temporal distribution and trends of air pollution in the atmosphere, including how this information can be tied into the diverse amount of public health data available using accurate GIS techniques. By utilizing GIS to monitor, analyze and visualize air pollution problems, it has proven to not only be the most powerful, accurate and flexible way to understand the atmosphere, but also a great way to understand the impact air pollution has in diverse populations. This book is essential reading for novices and experts in atmospheric science, geography and any allied fields investigating air pollution. Introduces readers to the benefits and uses of geo-spatiotemporal analyses of big data to reveal new and greater understanding of the intersection of air pollution and health Ties in machine learning to improve speed and efficacy of data models Includes developing visualizations, historical data, and real-time air pollution in large geographic areas
Spatio Temporal Methods In Environmental Epidemiology With R
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Author : Gavin Shaddick
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-12-12
Spatio Temporal Methods In Environmental Epidemiology With R written by Gavin Shaddick and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-12 with Medical categories.
Spatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology with R, like its First Edition, explores the interface between environmental epidemiology and spatio-temporal modeling. It links recent developments in spatio-temporal theory with epidemiological applications. Drawing on real-life problems, it shows how recent advances in methodology can assess the health risks associated with environmental hazards. The book's clear guidelines enable the implementation of the methodology and estimation of risks in practice. New additions to the Second Edition include: a thorough exploration of the underlying concepts behind knowledge discovery through data; a new chapter on extracting information from data using R and the tidyverse; additional material on methods for Bayesian computation, including the use of NIMBLE and Stan; new methods for performing spatio-temporal analysis and an updated chapter containing further topics. Throughout the book there are new examples, and the presentation of R code for examples has been extended. Along with these additions, the book now has a GitHub site (https://spacetime-environ.github.io/stepi2) that contains data, code and further worked examples. Features: • Explores the interface between environmental epidemiology and spatio-temporal modeling • Incorporates examples that show how spatio-temporal methodology can inform societal concerns about the effects of environmental hazards on health • Uses a Bayesian foundation on which to build an integrated approach to spatio-temporal modeling and environmental epidemiology • Discusses data analysis and topics such as data visualization, mapping, wrangling and analysis • Shows how to design networks for monitoring hazardous environmental processes and the ill effects of preferential sampling • Through the listing and application of code, shows the power of R, tidyverse, NIMBLE and Stan and other modern tools in performing complex data analysis and modeling Representing a continuing important direction in environmental epidemiology, this book – in full color throughout – underscores the increasing need to consider dependencies in both space and time when modeling epidemiological data. Readers will learn how to identify and model patterns in spatio-temporal data and how to exploit dependencies over space and time to reduce bias and inefficiency when estimating risks to health.
Air Pollution And Community Health
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Author : Frederick W. Lipfert
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1994-05-17
Air Pollution And Community Health written by Frederick W. Lipfert and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-05-17 with Science categories.
Air Pollution and Community Health A Critical Review and Data Sourcebook Frederick W. Lipfert Air pollution has affected community health since the advent of the industrial age and arguably since the discovery of fire. While organized societies have taken important steps to reduce and control emissions, the quality of the air we breathe today remains a critical concern. Air Pollution and Community Health transforms the major epidemiological works of the past 40 years into a coherent picture of the effects of air pollution on respiration, hospitalization, and mortality. The book re-evaluates these studies to clarify their findings within a consistent analytical framework and to define statistical relationships between various measures of community health and air quality. Lipfert emphasizes observational studies and the quality of the data used. The book is organized by health endpoint rather than by pollutant, beginning with the major air pollution disasters that helped galvanize the environmental revolution. His analysis shows that community air pollution acts primarily to exacerbate existing conditions in susceptible individuals, rather than to create new cases of respiratory disease. He concludes that "the alarms that sounded over 40 years ago are still ringing"--substantial health risks are still presented by the current urban mixtures of air pollution. Many of the studies reviewed suggest that the current ambient air quality standards required by the Clean Air Act fail to protect the health of the most susceptible individuals. Further, because of the role of natural sources of air pollution, questions are raised as to whether complete protection can ever be achieved. The book presents data from many of the epidemiological studies reviewed, including those of the major disasters of 1930-1960. Graphical presentations are featured for easy reference; many new analyses are presented here for the first time. The book also includes introductory chapters on air pollution, statistical analysis, and respiratory physiology, for the convenience of readers who may not be well versed in all of these topics. The major technical chapters on mortality and hospitalization include reviews of the effects of air pollution episodes, time-series analyses, cross-sectional studies, and long-term studies of pollution abatement. The chapters on respiratory function include both the effects of air pollution on function and the role of lung function as an independent predictor of longevity. Air Pollution and Community Health presents one of the first comprehensive analyses of the subject. It should be used to re-examine the effectiveness of air pollution research and control policies in the United States and is essential reading for all professionals involved in air pollution control or public health.
Geospatial Analysis Of Environmental Health
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Author : Juliana A. Maantay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-03-18
Geospatial Analysis Of Environmental Health written by Juliana A. Maantay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-18 with Medical categories.
This book focuses on a range of geospatial applications for environmental health research, including environmental justice issues, environmental health disparities, air and water contamination, and infectious diseases. Environmental health research is at an exciting point in its use of geotechnologies, and many researchers are working on innovative approaches. This book is a timely scholarly contribution in updating the key concepts and applications of using GIS and other geospatial methods for environmental health research. Each chapter contains original research which utilizes a geotechnical tool (Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, GPS, etc.) to address an environmental health problem. The book is divided into three sections organized around the following themes: issues in GIS and environmental health research; using GIS to assess environmental health impacts; and geospatial methods for environmental health. Representing diverse case studies and geospatial methods, the book is likely to be of interest to researchers, practitioners and students across the geographic and environmental health sciences. The authors are leading researchers and practitioners in the field of GIS and environmental health.
Human Mobility Spatiotemporal Context And Environmental Health Recent Advances In Approaches And Methods
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Author : Mei-Po Kwan
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-07-12
Human Mobility Spatiotemporal Context And Environmental Health Recent Advances In Approaches And Methods written by Mei-Po Kwan and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-12 with Medical categories.
Environmental health researchers have long used concepts like the neighborhood effect to assessing people’s exposure to environmental influences and the associated health impact. However, these are static notions that ignore people’s daily mobility at various spatial and temporal scales (e.g., daily travel, migratory movements, and movements over the life course) and the influence of neighborhood contexts outside their residential neighborhoods. Recent studies have started to incorporate human mobility, non-residential neighborhoods, and the temporality of exposures through collecting and using data from GPS, accelerometers, mobile phones, various types of sensors, and social media. Innovative approaches and methods have been developed. This Special Issue aims to showcase studies that use new approaches, methods, and data to examine the role of human mobility and non-residential contexts on human health behaviors and outcomes. It includes 21 articles that cover a wide range of topics, including individual exposure to air pollution, exposure and access to green spaces, spatial access to healthcare services, environmental influences on physical activity, food environmental and diet behavior, exposure to noise and its impact on mental health, and broader methodological issues such as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This collection will be a valuable reference for scholars and students interested in recent advances in the concepts and methods in environmental health and health geography.
Spatio Temporal Methods In Environmental Epidemiology
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Author : Gavin Shaddick
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-06-17
Spatio Temporal Methods In Environmental Epidemiology written by Gavin Shaddick and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-17 with Mathematics categories.
Teaches Students How to Perform Spatio-Temporal Analyses within Epidemiological StudiesSpatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology is the first book of its kind to specifically address the interface between environmental epidemiology and spatio-temporal modeling. In response to the growing need for collaboration between statisticians and
Spatiotemporal Environmental Health Modelling A Tractatus Stochasticus
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Author : George Christakos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Spatiotemporal Environmental Health Modelling A Tractatus Stochasticus written by George Christakos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Medical categories.
Spatiotemporal Environmental Health Modelling: A Tractatus Stochasticus provides a holistic, conceptual and quantitative framework for Environmental Health Modelling in space-time. The holistic framework integrates two aspects of Environmental Health Science that have been previously treated separately: the environmental aspect, which involves the natural processes that bring about human exposure to harmful substances; and the health aspect, which focuses on the interactions of these substances with the human body. Some of the fundamental issues addressed in this work include variability, scale, uncertainty, and space-time connectivity. These topics are important in the characterization of natural systems and health processes. Spatiotemporal Environmental Health Modelling: A Tractatus Stochasticus explains why modern stochastics is the appropriate mechanical vehicle for addressing such issues in a rigorous way. In particular, modern stochastics incorporates concepts and methods from probability, classical statistics, geostatistics, statistical mechanics and field theory. The authors present a synthetic view of environmental health that embraces all of the various components and focuses on their mutual interactions. Spatiotemporal Environmental Health Modeling: A Tractatus Stochasticus includes new material on Bayesian maximum entropy estimation techniques and space-time random field estimation methods. The authors show why these methods have clear advantages over the classical geostatistical estimation procedures and how they can be used to provide accurate space-time maps of environmental health processes. Also included are expositions of diagrammatic perturbation and renormalization group analysis, which have not been previously discussed within the context of Environmental Health. Finally, the authors present stochastic indicators that can be used for large-scale characterization of contamination and investigations of health effects at the microscopic level. This book will be a useful reference to both researchers and practitioners of Environmental Health Sciences. It will appeal specifically to environmental engineers, geographers, geostatisticians, earth scientists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, pharmacologists, applied mathematicians, physicists and biologists.
Spatio Temporal Data Analysis For Dynamic Phenomenon Monitoring Using Mobile Sensors
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Author : Ichrak Mokhtari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Spatio Temporal Data Analysis For Dynamic Phenomenon Monitoring Using Mobile Sensors written by Ichrak Mokhtari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Monitoring air pollution plumes in emergency situations (industrial accidents, natural disasters, deliberate terrorist releases, etc.) becomes an issue of utmost importance in cities worldwide, given the dramatic effects that the released pollutants can cause. In these situations, the pollution plume is strongly dynamic leading to a fast dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Thus, the need for a real-time response is very strong and a solution to get a precise mapping of pollution dispersion is needed to mitigate risks. Failure to do so could result in devastating consequences, underscoring the importance of air pollution monitoring in emergency scenarios. Nonetheless, achieving accurate mapping of pollution dispersion in real-time remains a challenging task, requiring innovative solutions to help authorities make informed decisions and take swift action to protect public health and the environment. In this thesis, we focus on air pollution monitoring in an emergency context using a fleet of drones, with three main areas of investigation: 1) predicting dynamic air pollution concentration in space and time; 2) optimizing the path planning of drones to improve the accuracy of pollution mapping; 3) developing and validating a generic framework for monitoring pollution plumes in emergencies. Through this work, we develop a spatio-temporal Deep Learning model for multi-point forecasting of pollution concentrations, and we built upon several uncertainty quantification techniques to make it more trustworthy. Furthermore, we examine and identify the main challenges related to the dynamic nature of the underlying phenomenon as well as its emergency context; and we suggest a new systemic approach for monitoring dynamic air pollution based on aerial sensing. The latter combines Deep Learning approaches, with Data Assimilation techniques, while relying at the same time on adequate path-planning strategies. This framework is meticulously studied and extended later to handle data paucity issues encountered in such a context through a transfer learning solution based on physics-based modeling, hence making it operational. Finally, we address meticulously the drones path planning problem with the purpose of improving the air pollution mapping quality, and we provide a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning solution where the impact of the number of drones as well as the simulation errors is carefully investigated. Along this thesis, all solutions were evaluated and validated with extensive experiments using real-world data sets, and some interesting engineering insights were derived.
Earth Data Analytics For Planetary Health
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Author : Tzai-Hung Wen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-25
Earth Data Analytics For Planetary Health written by Tzai-Hung Wen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-25 with Computers categories.
Planetary health involves complex spatial–temporal interactions among agents, hosts, and earth environment. Due to rapid technical development of geomatics, including geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) in the era of big data analytics, therefore, earth data analytics has become one of the important approaches for monitoring earth surface process and measuring of the effects of environment changes on all humans and other living organisms on earth. Various methods in earth data analytics, including spatial–temporal statistics, spatial evolutionary algorithms, remote sensing image analysis, wireless geo-sensors, and location-based analytics, are an emerging discipline in understanding complex interactions in planetary health. This edited book provides a broad focus on methodological theories of earth data analytics and their applications to measuring the process of planetary health, with the goal to build scientific understanding on how geospatial analytics can provide valuable insights in measuring environmental risks in Southeast Asian regions. It is collection of selected papers covering both theoretical and empirical studies focusing on topics relevant to spatial perspectives on planetary health and environmental exposure studies. The book is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in applications of geospatial technologies for public health and environmental studies.
Quantitative Risk Analysis Of Air Pollution Health Effects
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Author : Louis Anthony Cox Jr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Quantitative Risk Analysis Of Air Pollution Health Effects written by Louis Anthony Cox Jr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This book highlights quantitative risk assessment and modeling methods for assessing health risks caused by air pollution, as well as characterizing and communicating remaining uncertainties. It shows how to apply modern data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning, causal analytics, mathematical modeling, and risk analysis to better quantify human health risks caused by environmental and occupational exposures to air pollutants. The adverse health effects that are caused by air pollution, and preventable by reducing it, instead of merely being statistically associated with exposure to air pollution (and with other many conditions, from cold weather to low income) have proved to be difficult to quantify with high precision and confidence, largely because correlation is not causation. This book shows how to use recent advances in causal analytics and risk analysis to determine more accurately how reducing exposures affects human health risks. Quantitative Risk Analysis of Air Pollution Health Effects is divided into three parts. Part I focuses mainly on quantitative simulation modelling of biological responses to exposures and resulting health risks. It considers occupational risks from asbestos and crystalline silica as examples, showing how dynamic simulation models can provide insights into more effective policies for protecting worker health. Part II examines limitations of regression models and the potential to instead apply machine learning, causal analysis, and Bayesian network learning methods for more accurate quantitative risk assessment, with applications to occupational risks from inhalation exposures. Finally, Part III examines applications to public health risks from air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. The book applies freely available browser analytics software and data sets that allow readers to download data and carry out many of the analyses described, in addition to applying the techniques discussed to their own data.