Special Features Of The Un Model Convention
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Special Features Of The Un Model Convention
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Author : Anna Binder
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2019-10-01
Special Features Of The Un Model Convention written by Anna Binder and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-01 with Law categories.
Detailed research on the UN Model Convention’s unique features The UN Model Convention has a significant influence on international tax treaty practice and is especially used by emerging and developing countries as a starting point for treaty negotiations. Driven by the aim to achieve consistency in the international tax treaty practice, the structure and content is, to a large extent, similar in the UN Model and the OECD Model. However, whereas the OECD has historically focused its efforts on issues mainly relevant for developed countries, the UN Tax Committee has continuously attempted to specifically take into account tax treaty policies for developing countries when drafting and amending the UN Model Convention. Compared to the OECD Model Convention, the UN Model Convention aims at giving more weight to the source principle. Popular examples are the PE definition in the UN Model which provides for a lower threshold than Article 5 of the OECD Model or Article 12A on Fees for Technical Services which has been introduced with the latest amendment of the UN Model Convention 2017 and allows for a withholding tax to be levied on payments to non-residents when the payer of the fee is a resident of that contracting State irrespective of where the services are provided. Interestingly, in the discussions of the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy, the OECD and the G20 are also exploring options to allocate more taxing rights to the jurisdiction of the customer and/or user, i.e., the ‘market jurisdictions’. As this has traditionally been the focus of the UN Model Convention, its unique features and developing countries’ practices could be taken into account when exploring new nexus rules that are not constrained by the physical presence requirement. This book contains the master’s theses of the full-time LL.M. program 2018-2019 for which ‘Special Features of the UN Model Convention’ has been chosen as the general topic. With this book, the authors and editors do not aim at discussing each article of the UN Model Convention but rather focus on the unique features of the UN Model Convention, which are explored in detail. This is supplemented with an evaluation of the function and relevance of the UN Tax Committee in the international tax policy discussion and with an analysis of the influences of the OECD's BEPS project on the UN Model.he OECD's BEPS project on the UN Model.
Model Tax Convention On Income And On Capital Condensed Version 2017
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-12-18
Model Tax Convention On Income And On Capital Condensed Version 2017 written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-18 with categories.
This is the tenth edition of the condensed version of the "OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital". It contains the full text of the "Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital" as it read on 21 November 2017, but without the historical notes and the background reports included...
Article 12b Un Model Convention 2021
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Author : Christian Knotzer
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2024-07-15
Article 12b Un Model Convention 2021 written by Christian Knotzer and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-15 with Law categories.
This groundbreaking book – a major contribution addressing the imperative to find a solution to what has been labelled as the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of the Economy – provides the first comprehensive analysis of Article 12B of the UN Model Double Taxation Convention 2021, a model distributive rule for ‘Income from Automated Digital Services’. In extensive detail, the author thoroughly examines the article’s underlying principles, its individual provisions, the tax policy context that surrounds it, how it might be applied, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The author’s analysis (which includes a paragraph-by-paragraph discussion of the article and examines its Commentary in extensive detail) covers all aspects of the article and its significance, including the following: how to reconcile the approach taken by Article 12B UN Model Convention with general principles underlying the coordination of taxing claims; legal and tax policy relation to other provisions of the UN Model Convention and to the OECD/Inclusive Framework Pillar One/Amount A; influence of developing countries in forums of international tax coordination; the value of country positions and minority views in Model Conventions; categories of digital services; the novel option for annual net taxation in Article 12B(3) UN Model Convention; and the proposal for a UN fast-track instrument. It is not surprising that the ubiquitous digitalization of the economy has led to a widespread sense of unease in the international tax community. Practitioners and policymakers who face this issue in their day-to-day work will greatly appreciate this book’s clear explanation of how Article 12B UN Model Convention works and benefit from its consideration of how it is likely to be implemented in the international double taxation treaty network.
Special Features Of The Un Model Convention
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Author : Anna Binder
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2019-10-01
Special Features Of The Un Model Convention written by Anna Binder and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-01 with Law categories.
Detailed research on the UN Model Convention’s unique features The UN Model Convention has a significant influence on international tax treaty practice and is especially used by emerging and developing countries as a starting point for treaty negotiations. Driven by the aim to achieve consistency in the international tax treaty practice, the structure and content is, to a large extent, similar in the UN Model and the OECD Model. However, whereas the OECD has historically focused its efforts on issues mainly relevant for developed countries, the UN Tax Committee has continuously attempted to specifically take into account tax treaty policies for developing countries when drafting and amending the UN Model Convention. Compared to the OECD Model Convention, the UN Model Convention aims at giving more weight to the source principle. Popular examples are the PE definition in the UN Model which provides for a lower threshold than Article 5 of the OECD Model or Article 12A on Fees for Technical Services which has been introduced with the latest amendment of the UN Model Convention 2017 and allows for a withholding tax to be levied on payments to non-residents when the payer of the fee is a resident of that contracting State irrespective of where the services are provided. Interestingly, in the discussions of the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy, the OECD and the G20 are also exploring options to allocate more taxing rights to the jurisdiction of the customer and/or user, i.e., the ‘market jurisdictions’. As this has traditionally been the focus of the UN Model Convention, its unique features and developing countries’ practices could be taken into account when exploring new nexus rules that are not constrained by the physical presence requirement. This book contains the master’s theses of the full-time LL.M. program 2018-2019 for which ‘Special Features of the UN Model Convention’ has been chosen as the general topic. With this book, the authors and editors do not aim at discussing each article of the UN Model Convention but rather focus on the unique features of the UN Model Convention, which are explored in detail. This is supplemented with an evaluation of the function and relevance of the UN Tax Committee in the international tax policy discussion and with an analysis of the influences of the OECD's BEPS project on the UN Model.
Introduction To The Law Of Double Taxation Conventions
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Author : Michael Lang
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2021-04-01
Introduction To The Law Of Double Taxation Conventions written by Michael Lang and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-01 with Law categories.
The Law of Double Taxation Conventions Cross-border activities or transactions may trigger tax liability in two or more jurisdictions. In order to mitigate the financial burden resulting from these situations, States have entered into numerous double taxation conventions, which provide for rules that allocate the taxing rights between the contracting states. This handbook aims at providing an introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. It is designed for students – irrespective of their national background, but the author believes that it will also be of great help for tax experts who wish to know more about double taxation conventions, as well as for international law experts who wish to understand more about tax law. The handbook does not consider one jurisdiction in particular but rather takes examples from a wide range of different countries and their jurisdictions. It includes an overview of the problem of double taxation, the state practice in the conclusion of double tax conventions and their effects, the interpretation of double taxation conventions and treaty abuse. Furthermore, this updated handbook takes new developments into account occurred since the last edition of the book from 2013, in particular also the changes through OECD’s BEPS project and the Multilateral Instrument. It deals with the latest versions of the OECD Model Tax Conventions on Income and on Capital and the UN Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries, both published in 2017, as well as the latest version of the OECD Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts.
Hybrid Entities In Tax Treaty Law
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Author : Sriram Govind
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2020-09-03
Hybrid Entities In Tax Treaty Law written by Sriram Govind and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with Law categories.
Tax treaty law and EU tax law in connection with hybrid entities Hybrid entities have traditionally been used as an avenue for international tax planning, and extending benefits under tax treaties to such entities has been a source of controversy for many years now. Although the OECD Partnership Report provided solid policy footing on this issue, there was still no common legal basis that countries could rely on for such positions. The increasing focus of countries towards the curbing of tax avoidance and abuse involving hybrid mismatch arrangements culminated in a specific action plan in the BEPS Project being dedicated to the design of domestic rules and the development of treaty provisions that would neutralize the tax effects of such arrangements. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this topic. It is divided into two parts – the first dealing exclusively with tax treaty issues arising in connection with hybrid entities and the second dealing with EU tax law issues surrounding hybrid entities. The former part comprises chapters analysing how tax treaties have historically dealt with this issue with a focus on domestic court jurisprudence, the positions in the OECD and the UN Model Conventions, the developments that have come about owing to the BEPS Project, and the impact of several existing measures, regimes, and vehicles on these tax treaty provisions. The latter part comprises chapters on how hybrid entities are dealt with under primary EU law, under various secondary law directives including the newly enacted Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives, and an analysis of policy solutions offered in this direction.
International Tax At The Crossroads
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Author : Craig Elliffe
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-12-11
International Tax At The Crossroads written by Craig Elliffe and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-11 with Law categories.
In light of the significant transformations affecting international tax in recent years, this book offers in-depth examinations on a series of key issues on the taxation of cross-border transactions. Craig Elliffe brings together a wealth of acclaimed legal academics to consider how the Inclusive Framework (IF) is responding to the ways in which highly digitalised businesses operate.
The Taxation Of Fees For Technical Services On The Basis Of Article 12a Un Model Convention
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Author : David Orzechowski-Zölzer
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2024-05-21
The Taxation Of Fees For Technical Services On The Basis Of Article 12a Un Model Convention written by David Orzechowski-Zölzer and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-21 with Law categories.
Although rules on the allocation of taxing rights for fees for technical services have been provided for in bilateral tax treaties by African, Asian, and South American countries for decades, it was only in the 2017 update that the UN Model Tax Treaty included Article 12A on the matter, thus suggesting its inclusion in the tax treaty network of its Member States. Consequently, from a cross-border perspective, the interpretation of Article 12A is of great importance for both taxpayers and tax authorities. This book presents the first comprehensive analysis of the scope of technical services in comparison to ordinary (non-technical) services and the differentiation between Article 12A and other allocation rules of the UN Model. The book’s analysis focuses on the interpretation of the concept of technical services by examining the historical evolution of Article 12 of the OECD and UN Models and the systematic context in which it is embedded. Aspects of this analysis examined include the following: the base-erosion principle as justification for establishing source taxing rights without the physical presence of the service provider in the state in which fees for technical services arise; whether the term ‘technical’ is sufficiently defined in the Commentaries to the UN Model or whether it shall be ascribed a different meaning to increase legal certainty for tax authorities and taxpayers; relevance of the OECD Model and its Commentaries as the basis for the UN Model and its Commentaries; rules of precedence concerning the application of Article 12A in relation to the other allocation rules of the UN Model; the connection between royalties and fees for technical services; application of Article 12A UN Model to challenges arising from the digitalized economy; and the allocation of taxing rights for fees for technical services rendered in a third state. Tax treaties of selected African countries are examined, as these countries were the earliest adopters of the concept of fees for technical services into their tax treaty network. The book also provides an overview of literature and jurisprudence on country practices in Brazil, India, and other countries, as well as relevant documents of international organizations. This book provides practitioners, government officials, and academics with a deep understanding of the interpretation and application of Article 12A UN Model. It will prove of great value in preparing for tax treaty negotiations and also in informing and advising enterprises that intend to conduct business in developing countries through the provision of specialized services.
Access To Treaty Benefits
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Author : Desiree Auer
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2021-09-21
Access To Treaty Benefits written by Desiree Auer and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-21 with Law categories.
A rigorous analysis of various aspects related to treaty access Tax treaty access is an ongoing challenge for both taxpayers and tax authorities. This volume provides a rigorous analysis of various aspects related to treaty access. Schematically, the volume is divided into four parts. The first part deals with general interpretative issues and principles; the second and third parts cover a wide range of sub-aspects relating to the subjective and objective scope of tax treaties and the recent challenges posed to tax treaty access, while the fourth part focuses on the knotty issues of treaty shopping and abuse. The structure of the volume reflects the necessity to approach access to treaty benefits in a holistic way and view the recent trends through a wide lens. All chapters contain a complete examination of the relevant topics, starting from a historical perspective and continuing with tax treaty law principles and tax practice analysis. Where appropriate, a domestic law and domestic courts’ jurisprudence perspective was added as well as a comparative analysis of several jurisdictions thus complementing the examination of each topic. Finally, special attention is given to treaty abuse and the new GAAR introduced in the 2017 OECD Model together with its interrelation with other treaty and domestic anti-abuse provisions and the impact of these provisions on tax treaty access and tax policy in general.
Anti Abuse Rules And Tax Treaties
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Author : Georg Kofler et al.
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2024-06-24
Anti Abuse Rules And Tax Treaties written by Georg Kofler et al. and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-24 with Law categories.
As the struggle to combat tax abuse and tax avoidance gains momentum, ways of making a tax jurisdiction ‘manipulation-proof’ continue to proliferate, from new or revised provisions in model tax treaties to a dramatic increase in the number and variety of anti-abuse and anti-avoidance rules at all levels of government. These measures interact with national tax systems, general anti-abuse clauses and tax treaties. The conflicts and other legal difficulties that inevitably result deserve intensive scrutiny. This book provides an in-depth analysis of current issues concerning the relations of various anti-abuse rules to each other and their impact on the application of tax treaties. The topics include the following: domestic general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs); domestic specific anti-avoidance rules (SAARs) (including controlled foreign company rules); minimum holding periods; indirect transfers of immovable property, shares, and rights; limitation on benefits; residence criteria in tax treaties; tax treatment of sportspersons and entertainers; the principal purpose test of Article 29 (9) OECD Model (2017); and influence of European Union Law on tax treaty abuse. The chapters are revised and expanded versions of papers presented at the 30th Viennese Symposium on International Tax Law held on 12 June 2023 at Vienna University of Economics and Business. Each author offers an in-depth analysis of a particular topic, drawing on the most recent scientific research. This is the only book available to offer such a wide-ranging, detailed, and practical analysis of how the full range of anti-abuse rules interacts with tax treaties. It will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners and law firms active in tax planning, tax consultants, academics and researchers in international tax law and counsel for companies involved in international business.