Specialised Membrane Domains Of Plasmodesmata Plant Intercellular Nanopores
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Specialised Membrane Domains Of Plasmodesmata Plant Intercellular Nanopores
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Author : Jens Tilsner
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-12-17
Specialised Membrane Domains Of Plasmodesmata Plant Intercellular Nanopores written by Jens Tilsner and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-17 with Botany categories.
Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific intercellular nanopores defined by specialised domains of the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both of which contain unique proteins, and probably different lipid compositions than the surrounding bulk membranes. The PD membranes form concentric tubules with a minimal outer diameter of only 50 nm, and the central ER strand constricted to ~10-15 nm, representing one of the narrowest stable membrane tubules in nature. This unique membrane architecture poses many biophysical, structural and functional questions. PM continuity across PD raises the question as to how a locally confined membrane site is established and maintained at PD. There is increasing evidence that the PM within PD may be enriched in membrane ‘rafts’ or TET web domains. Lipid rafts often function as signalling platforms, in line with the emerging view of PD as central players in plant defense responses. Lipid-lipid immiscibility could also provide a mechanism for membrane sub- compartmentalisation at PD. Intricate connections of the PM to the wall and the underlying cytoskeleton and ER may anchor the specialised domains locally. The ER within PD is even more strongly modified. Its extreme curvature suggests that it is stabilised by densely packed proteins, potentially members of the reticulon family that tubulate the cortical ER. The diameter of the constricted ER within PD is similar to membrane stalks in dynamin-mediated membrane fission during endocytosis and may need to be stabilised against spontaneous rupture. The function of this extreme membrane constriction, and the reasons why the ER is connected between plant cells remain unknown. Whilst the technically challenging search for the protein components of PD is ongoing, there has been significant recent progress in research on biological membranes that could benefit our understanding of PD function. With this Research Topic, we therefore aim to bring together researchers in the PD field and those in related areas, such as membrane biophysics, membrane composition and fluidity, protein-lipid interactions, lateral membrane heterogeneity, lipid rafts, membrane curvature, and membrane fusion/fission. We wish to address questions such as: - What mechanisms restrict lateral mobility of proteins and lipids along the PD membranes? - How can specific proteins be targeted to and turned over from membrane domains with restricted lateral access? - What elements (lipids, proteins, membrane curvature, packing order, thickness etc.) may contribute to the identity of PD membranes? - How do the structural and functional features of PD compare to other ER-PM contact sites? - How is the high curvature of the PD ER stabilised and what are possible functions of such a tightly constricted membrane tubule? - Do PD need to be prevented from spontaneous collapse and sealing? - What technologies are available to address these questions that can underpin PD research? We welcome interested individuals to contribute their expertise and develop new hypotheses on the particular biological and biophysical questions posed by PD. We are particularly looking for articles (Original Research Articles, Technical Advances and State-of-the-Art reviews) that would expand on or challenge current perceptions of PD and stimulate discussion.
Lipids In Plant And Algae Development
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Author : Yuki Nakamura
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-29
Lipids In Plant And Algae Development written by Yuki Nakamura and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-29 with Science categories.
This book summarizes recent advances in understanding the functions of plant and algal lipids in photosynthesis, in development and signaling, and in industrial applications. As readers will discover, biochemistry, enzymology and analytical chemistry, as well as gene knock-out studies have all contributed to our rapidly increasing understanding of the functions of lipids. In the past few decades, distinct physical and biochemical properties of specific lipid classes were revealed in plant and algal lipids and the functional aspects of lipids in modulating critical biological processes have been uncovered. These chapters from international authors across relevant research fields highlight the underlying evolutionary context of lipid function in photosynthetic unicellular and multicellular organisms. The book goes on to encompass what lipids can do for industrial applications at a time of fascination with plants and algae in carbon fixation and as sources for production of food, energy and novel chemicals. The developmental context is a part of the fresh and engaging perspective that is presented in this work which graduate students and scientists will find both illuminating and useful.
Plant Cell Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-08-31
Plant Cell Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-31 with Science categories.
Plant Cell Biology, volume 160 in "Methods in Cell Biology", includes chapters on modern experimental procedures and applications developed for research in the broad area of plant cell biology. Topics covered in this volume include techniques for imaging and analyzing membrane dynamics and movement across membranes; cell wall composition, structure and mechanics; cytoskeleton dynamics and organization; cell development; ion channel physiology; cell mechanics; and methods related to quantifying cell morphogenesis. Provide in-depth procedures and application notes from selected experts who developed the methods Each chapter will include figures and movies as appropriate to explain complex techniques Chapters will include caveats of techniques and future prospects
Current Research Topics In Plant Virology
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Author : Aiming Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-07
Current Research Topics In Plant Virology written by Aiming Wang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-07 with Science categories.
Topics covered in this book include RNA silencing and its suppression in plant virus infection, virus replication mechanisms, the association of cellular membranes with virus replication and movement, plant genetic resistance to viruses, viral cell-to-cell spread, long distance movement in plants, virus induced ER stress, virus diversity and evolution, virus-vector interactions, cross protection, geminiviruses, negative strand RNA viruses, viroids, and the diagnosis of plant viral diseases using next generation sequencing. This book was anticipated to help plant pathologists, scholars, professors, teachers and advanced students in the field with a comprehensive state-of-the-art knowledge of the subject.
Reversibly Glycosylated Polypeptides
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Author : Ivan J. Delgado Orlic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Reversibly Glycosylated Polypeptides written by Ivan J. Delgado Orlic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Arabidopsis categories.
Plasmodesmata
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Author : Aart J.E. van Bel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Plasmodesmata written by Aart J.E. van Bel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Plasmodesmata are minuscule plasma corridors between plant cells which are of paramount importance for transport, communication and signalling between cells. These nano-channels are responsible for the integrated action of cells within tissues and for the subdivision of the plant body into working symplast units. This book updates the wealth of new information in this rapidly expanding field. Reputed workers in the field discuss major techniques in plasmodesmatal research and describe recent discoveries on the ultrastructure, the functioning and the role of plasmodesmata in intracellular transport and communication, in cell differentiation, plant development and virus translocation.
The Plant Cytoskeleton
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Author : Bo Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-23
The Plant Cytoskeleton written by Bo Liu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-23 with Science categories.
Plant cells house highly dynamic cytoskeletal networks of microtubules and actin microfilaments. They constantly undergo remodeling to fulfill their roles in supporting cell division, enlargement, and differentiation. Following early studies on structural aspects of the networks, recent breakthroughs have connected them with more and more intracellular events essential for plant growth and development. Advanced technologies in cell biology (live-cell imaging in particular), molecular genetics, genomics, and proteomics have revolutionized this field of study. Stories summarized in this book may inspire enthusiastic scientists to pursue new directions toward understanding functions of the plant cytoskeleton. The Plant Cytoskeleton is divided into three sections: 1) Molecular Basis of the Plant Cytoskeleton; 2) Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Plant Cell Division; and 3) The Cytoskeleton in Plant Growth and Development. This book is aimed at serving as a resource for anyone who wishes to learn about the plant cytoskeleton beyond ordinary textbooks.
The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Author : Chris Hawes
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2017-10-20
The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Chris Hawes and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-20 with Science categories.
This volume presents a range of different techniques that have been used to characterize the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in higher plants. Chapters guide readers through application of modern microscopy techniques by fluorescence and electron microscopy, new protocols for analysing ER network structure, methods to purify and analyse ER membrane structure and to study protein glycosylation, protocols to study the unfolded protein response, and the role of the ER in autophagy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Actin A Dynamic Framework For Multiple Plant Cell Functions
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Author : Christopher J. Staiger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Actin A Dynamic Framework For Multiple Plant Cell Functions written by Christopher J. Staiger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
Actin is an extremely abundant protein that comprises a dynamic polymeric network present in all eukaryotic cells, known as the actin cytoskeleton. The structure and function of the actin cytoskeleton, which is modulated by a plethora of actin-binding proteins, performs a diverse range of cellular roles. Well-documented functions for actin include: providing the molecular tracks for cytoplasmic streaming and organelle movements; formation of tethers that guide the cell plate to the division site during cytokinesis; creation of honeycomb-like arrays that enmesh and immobilize plastids in unique subcellular patterns; supporting the vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization essential for the directional secretory mechanism that underpins tip growth of certain cells; and coordinating the elaborate cytoplasmic responses to extra- and intracellular signals. The previous two decades have witnessed an immense accumulation of data relating to the cellular, biochemical, and molecular aspects of all these fundamental cellular processes. This prompted the editors to put together a diverse collection of topics, contributed by established international experts, related to the plant actin cytoskeleton. Because the actin cytoskeleton impinges on a multitude of processes critical for plant growth and development, as well as for responses to the environment, the book will be invaluable to any researcher, from the advanced undergraduate to the senior investigator, who is interested in these areas of plant cell biology.
Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy
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Author : Frances M. Ross
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017
Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Science categories.
2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry