Species And Speciation In The Fossil Record
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Species And Speciation In The Fossil Record
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Author : Warren D. Allmon
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2016-10-05
Species And Speciation In The Fossil Record written by Warren D. Allmon and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-05 with Science categories.
Although the species is one of the fundamental units of biological classification, there is remarkably little consensus among biologists about what defines a species, even within distinct sub-disciplines. The literature of paleobiology, in particular, is littered with qualifiers and cautions about applying the term to the fossil record or equating such species with those recognized among living organisms. In Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record, experts in the field examine how they conceive of species of fossil animals and consider the implications these different approaches have for thinking about species in the context of macroevolution. After outlining views of the Modern Synthesis of evolutionary disciplines and detailing the development within paleobiology of quantitative methods for documenting and analyzing variation within fossil assemblages, contributors explore the challenges of recognizing and defining species from fossil specimens—and offer potential solutions. Addressing both the tempo and mode of speciation over time, they show how with careful interpretation and a clear species concept, fossil species may be sufficiently robust for meaningful paleobiological analyses. Indeed, they demonstrate that the species concept, if more refined, could unearth a wealth of information about the interplay between species origins and extinctions, between local and global climate change, and greatly deepen our understanding of the evolution of life.
New Approaches To Speciation In The Fossil Record
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Author : Douglas H. Erwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
New Approaches To Speciation In The Fossil Record written by Douglas H. Erwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Science categories.
New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive examination of recent advances in the analysis of speciation since then. This collection of case studies seeks to reexamine the understanding of the speciation patterns that appear in the fossil record through stringent analysis of the patterns and their presumed processes. The contributions address the questions of speciation by conducting specific, detailed studies of particular lineages. The rigorous techniques of morphological analysis, quantitative genetic analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and sedimentary completeness are employed to offer a fresh look at speciation. New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record is divided into three sections. The first part gives a historical perspective on the issues under consideration, and explores the current debates and future directions for research. In Part II, five case studies describe speciation patterns, while raising significant methodological issues for further inquiry. The third section looks at the large-scale macroevolutionary issues that affect patterns in the fossil record. The new perspectives revealed here make this a unique resource for students, teachers, and professionals in the fields of paleontology and evolutionary biology.
Species Species Concepts And Primate Evolution
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Author : William H. Kimbel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-18
Species Species Concepts And Primate Evolution written by William H. Kimbel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-18 with Science categories.
A world of categones devmd of spirit waits for life to return. Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift The stock-in-trade of communicating hypotheses about the historical path of evolution is a graphical representation called a phylogenetic tree. In most such graphics, pairs of branches diverge from other branches, successively marching across abstract time toward the present. To each branch is tied a tag with a name, a binominal symbol that functions as does the name given to an individual human being. On phylogenetic trees the names symbolize species. What exactly do these names signify? What kind of information is communicated when we claim to have knowledge of the following types? "Tetonius mathewzi was ancestral to Pseudotetonius ambiguus. " "The sample of fossils attributed to Homo habzlis is too variable to contain only one species. " "Interbreeding populations of savanna baboons all belong to Papio anubis. " "Hylobates lar and H. pileatus interbreed in zones of geographic overlap. " While there is nearly universal agreement that the notion of the speczes is fundamental to our understanding of how evolution works, there is a very wide range of opinion on the conceptual content and meaning of such particular statements regarding species. This is because, oddly enough, evolutionary biolo gists are quite far from agreement on what a species is, how it attains this status, and what role it plays in evolution over the long term.
Fossils
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Author : Niles Eldredge
language : en
Publisher: White Lion Publishing
Release Date : 1991
Fossils written by Niles Eldredge and has been published by White Lion Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Nature categories.
In this fascinating exploration of the fossil record, Niles Eldredge overturns the traditional view of evolution as a slow and inevitable process, and he shows that lifeforms generally do not evolve to any significant degree until after massive extinction. This rhythm of life--a concept developed by Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould known as punctuated equilibria in evolution-- is revealed by the fossilized remains of the earth's ancient flora and fauna. Distinguished photographer Murray Alcosser augments Eldredge's text with 160 luminous color plates illustrating more than 250 different fossil specimens. In this new paperback edition, Fossils becomes an accessible text with appeal to a broad audience, including natural history readers and students.
Macroevolution
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Author : Steven M. Stanley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Macroevolution written by Steven M. Stanley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Biology categories.
"Not only is a wealth of evidence presented to support the model of punctuated equilibria, but Stanley's stream of refreshing insights into classic topics of evolution, such as living fossils, mass extinctions and adaptive radiations add further weight to the validity of the general model".--GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. "Overall, Stanley offers an imaginative treatment of almost every issue in macroevolution".--AMERICAN SCIENTIST. 192 illustrations.
Systematics And The Fossil Record
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Author : Andrew B. Smith
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-07-15
Systematics And The Fossil Record written by Andrew B. Smith and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-15 with Science categories.
This new text sets out to establish the key role played by systematics in deciphering patterns of evolution from the fossil record. It begins by considering the nature of the species in the fossil record and then outlines recent advances in the methodology used to establish phylogenetics relationships, stressing why fossil evidence can be crucial. The way species are grouped into higher taxa, and how this affects their utility in evolutionary studies is also discussed. Because the fossil record abounds with sampling and preservational biases, the book emphasizes that observed patterns can rarely be taken at face value. It is argued that evolutionary trees, constructed from combining phylogenetic and biostratigraphic data, provide the best approach for investigating patterns of evolution through geologic time. The only integrated text covering the study of evolutionary patterns from a phylogenetic stance.
The Adequacy Of The Fossil Record
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Author : Stephen K. Donovan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998-08-24
The Adequacy Of The Fossil Record written by Stephen K. Donovan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-24 with Nature categories.
The 'incompleteness of the fossil record' is an excuse used by some scientists to reject any fossil evidence that runs counter to current preconceptions. Adequacy and completeness are difficult concepts that should not be confused. The fossil record may be incomplete, but it is entirely adequate for many and most requirements of palaeontology, as well as answering wider questions in geology and biology. The Adequacy of the Fossil Record is intended to be an up-to-date review that seeks to debunk these and other objections.
Evolutionary Trends
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Author : Ken McNamara
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Evolutionary Trends written by Ken McNamara and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Science categories.
The study of the history of life encompasses the origins of species to their demise: evolution to extinction. Based on studies of the fossil record, this book examines the directionality of evolution, a fundamental aspect of life history that has received comparatively little attention in recent times. In addition to describing evolutionary trends from the intraspecific level to macroevolutionary changes in a range of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, the book's contributors explain why it is that organisms have evolved in the direction that they have. Their insights provide students and researchers of palaeontology and biology with a state-of-the-art coverage of one of the most important aspects of evolutionary biology.The first part of the book examines questions such as the relevant significance of adaptive or non-adaptive evolutionary trends; the relative roles of intrinsic factors, such as differential speciation and environmental change, on the generation of trends; and evolutionary trends in body size. The second part describes and interprets evolutionary trends in various intervertebrate groups: trilobites, bivalves, ammonoids, orinoids, echinoids and bryozoans. The third part covers fishes, reptiles, and mammals.
Principles Of Evolution Systems Species And The History Of Life
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Author : Jonathan Bard
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2016-09-12
Principles Of Evolution Systems Species And The History Of Life written by Jonathan Bard and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-12 with Science categories.
Principles of Evolution considers evolution in the context of systems biology, a contemporary approach for handling biological complexity. Evolution needs this systems perspective for three reasons. First, most activity in living organisms is driven by complex networks of proteins and this has direct implications, particularly for understanding evo-devo and for seeing how variation is initiated. Second, it provides the natural language for discussing phylogenetic trees. Third, evolutionary change involves events at levels ranging from the genome to the ecosystem and systems biology provides a context for integrating material of this complexity. Understanding evolution means, on the one hand, describing the history of life and, on the other, making sense of the principles that drove that history. The solution adopted here is to make the science of evolution the primary focus of the book and place the various parts of the history of life in the context of the research that unpicks it. This means that the history is widely distributed across the text. This concise textbook assumes that the reader has a fair amount of biological knowledge and gives equal weight to all the major themes of evolution: the fossil record, phylogenetics, evodevo, and speciation. Principles of Evolution will therefore be an interesting and thought-provoking read for honors-level undergraduates, and graduates working in the biological sciences.
Patterns Of Evolution As Illustrated By The Fossil Record
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1977-01-15
Patterns Of Evolution As Illustrated By The Fossil Record written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-01-15 with Science categories.
Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record