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Species Concepts And Phylogenetic Theory

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Species Concepts And Phylogenetic Theory

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Author : Quentin D. Wheeler
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2000-06-22

Species Concepts And Phylogenetic Theory written by Quentin D. Wheeler and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06-22 with Science categories.

No question in theoretical biology has been more perennially controversial or perplexing than "What is a species?" Recent advances in phylogenetic theory have called into question traditional views of species and spawned many concepts that are currently competing for general acceptance. Once the subject of esoteric intellectual exercises, the "species problem" has emerged as a critically important aspect of global environmental concerns. Completion of an inventory of biodiversity, success in conservation, predictive knowledge about life on earth, management of material resources, formulation of scientifically credible public policy and law, and more depend upon our adoption of the "right" species concept. Quentin D. Wheeler and Rudolf Meier present a debate among top systematic biology theorists to consider the strengths and weaknesses of five competing concepts. Debaters include (1) Ernst Mayr (Biological Species Concept), (2) Rudolf Meier and Rainer Willmann (Hennigian species concept), (3) Brent Mishler and Edward Theriot (one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), (4) Quentin Wheeler and Norman Platnick (a competing version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), and (5) E. O. Wiley and Richard Mayden (the Evolutionary Species Concept). Each author or pair of authors contributes three essays to the debate: first, a position paper with an opening argument for their respective concept of species; second, a counterpoint view of the weakness of competing concepts; and, finally, a rebuttal of the attacks made by other authors. This unique and lively debate format makes the comparative advantages and disadvantages of competing species concepts clear and accessible in a single book for the first time, bringing to light numerous controversies in phylogenetic theory, taxonomy, and philosophy of science that are important to a wide audience. Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory will meet a need among scientists, conservationists, policy-makers, and students of biology for an explicit, critical evaluation of a large and complex literature on species. An important reference for professionals, the book will prove especially useful in classrooms and discussion groups where students may find a concise, lucid entrée to one of the most complex questions facing science and society.

Species Concepts And Phylogenetic Theory

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Author : Quentin D. Wheeler
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2000

Species Species Concepts And Primate Evolution

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Author : William H. Kimbel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-04-30

Species Species Concepts And Primate Evolution written by William H. Kimbel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-30 with Science categories.

In order to meld the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process, this volume details the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primate evolutionary biologists and paleontologists. Specific coverage includes: species concepts and their role in evolutionary theory, the speciation process and the biology of species differences among living primates, and the problems of species recognition in the primate fossil record.

The Pangenome

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Author : Hervé Tettelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-30

The Pangenome written by Hervé Tettelin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with Science categories.

This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.

The Evolution Of Phylogenetic Systematics

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Author : Andrew Hamilton
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2013-11-09

The Evolution Of Phylogenetic Systematics written by Andrew Hamilton and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-09 with Science categories.

The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics aims to make sense of the rise of phylogenetic systematics—its methods, its objects of study, and its theoretical foundations—with contributions from historians, philosophers, and biologists. This volume articulates an intellectual agenda for the study of systematics and taxonomy in a way that connects classification with larger historical themes in the biological sciences, including morphology, experimental and observational approaches, evolution, biogeography, debates over form and function, character transformation, development, and biodiversity. It aims to provide frameworks for answering the question: how did systematics become phylogenetic?

Species

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Author : John S. Wilkins
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2009-09-08

Species written by John S. Wilkins and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-08 with Science categories.

The complex idea of "species" has evolved over time, yet its meaning is far from resolved. This comprehensive work takes a fresh look at an idea central to the field of biology by tracing its history from antiquity to today. John S. Wilkins explores the essentialist view, a staple of logic from Plato and Aristotle through the Middle Ages to fairly recent times, and considers the idea of species in natural history—a concept often connected to reproduction. Tracing "generative conceptions" of species back through Darwin to Epicurus, Wilkins provides a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches to this concept. He also reviews the array of current definitions. Species is a benchmark exploration and clarification of a concept fundamental to the past, present, and future of the natural sciences.

Phylogenetic Diversity

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Author : Rosa A. Scherson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-31

Phylogenetic Diversity written by Rosa A. Scherson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-31 with Science categories.

“Biodiversity” refers to the variety of life. It is now agreed that there is a “biodiversity crisis”, corresponding to extinction rates of species that may be 1000 times what is thought to be “normal”. Biodiversity science has a higher profile than ever, with the new Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services involving more than 120 countries and 1000s of scientists. At the same time, the discipline is re-evaluating its foundations – including its philosophy and even core definitions. The value of biodiversity is being debated. In this context, the tree of life (“phylogeny”) is emerging as an important way to look at biodiversity, with relevance cutting across current areas of concern – from the question of resilience within ecosystems, to conservation priorities for globally threatened species – while capturing the values of biodiversity that have been hard to quantify, including resilience and maintaining options for future generations. This increased appreciation of the importance of conserving “phylogenetic diversity”, from microbial communities in the human gut to global threatened species, has inevitably resulted in an explosion of new indices, methods, and case studies. This book recognizes and responds to the timely opportunity for synthesis and sharing experiences in practical applications. The book recognizes that the challenge of finding a synthesis, and building shared concepts and a shared toolbox, requires both an appreciation of the past and a look into the future. Thus, the book is organized as a flow from history, concepts and philosophy, through to methods and tools, and followed by selected case studies. A positive vision and plan of action emerges from these chapters, that includes coping with inevitable uncertainties, effectively communicating the importance of this “evolutionary heritage” to the public and to policy-makers, and ultimately contributing to biodiversity conservation policy from localto global scales.

Species Concepts In Biology

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Author : Frank E. Zachos
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-05

Species Concepts In Biology written by Frank E. Zachos and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-05 with Science categories.

Frank E. Zachos offers a comprehensive review of one of today’s most important and contentious issues in biology: the species problem. After setting the stage with key background information on the topic, the book provides a brief history of species concepts from antiquity to the Modern Synthesis, followed by a discussion of the ontological status of species with a focus on the individuality thesis and potential means of reconciling it with other philosophical approaches. More than 30 different species concepts found in the literature are presented in an annotated list, and the most important ones, including the Biological, Genetic, Evolutionary and different versions of the Phylogenetic Species Concept, are discussed in more detail. Specific questions addressed include the problem of asexual and prokaryotic species, intraspecific categories like subspecies and Evolutionarily Significant Units, and a potential solution to the species problem based on a hierarchical approach that distinguishes between ontological and operational species concepts. A full chapter is dedicated to the challenge of delimiting species by means of a discrete taxonomy in a continuous world of inherently fuzzy boundaries. Further, the book outlines the practical ramifications for ecology and evolutionary biology of how we define the species category, highlighting the danger of an apples and oranges problem if what we subsume under the same name (“species”) is in actuality a variety of different entities. A succinct summary chapter, glossary and annotated list of references round out the coverage, making the book essential reading for all biologists looking for an accessible introduction to the historical, philosophical and practical dimensions of the species problem.

Biodiversity Conservation And Phylogenetic Systematics

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Author : Roseli Pellens
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-02-24

Biodiversity Conservation And Phylogenetic Systematics written by Roseli Pellens and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Science categories.

This book is about phylogenetic diversity as an approach to reduce biodiversity losses in this period of mass extinction. Chapters in the first section deal with questions such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity among other criteria for biodiversity conservation; the choice of measures; the loss of phylogenetic diversity with extinction; the importance of organisms that are deeply branched in the tree of life, and the role of relict species. The second section is composed by contributions exploring methodological aspects, such as how to deal with abundance, sampling effort, or conflicting trees in analysis of phylogenetic diversity. The last section is devoted to applications, showing how phylogenetic diversity can be integrated in systematic conservation planning, in EDGE and HEDGE evaluations. This wide coverage makes the book a reference for academics, policy makers and stakeholders dealing with biodiversity conservation.

Species

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Author : M.F. Claridge
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis US
Release Date : 1997-03-31

Species written by M.F. Claridge and has been published by Taylor & Francis US this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-31 with Nature categories.

A major thrust of scientific concern in recent years has been the problem of documenting and conserving biodiversity and the establishment of systems of sustainable development. This volume reviews the practical application of concepts and technologies.

Species Concepts And Phylogenetic Theory

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