Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Katsuyuki Taguchi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-14
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Katsuyuki Taguchi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography is a comprehensive cover of the latest developments in the most prevalent imaging modality (x-ray computed tomography (CT)) in its latest incarnation: Spectral, Dual-Energy, and Photon Counting CT. Disadvantages of the conventional single-energy technique used by CT technology are that different materials cannot be distinguished and that the noise is larger. To address these problems, a novel spectral CT concept has been proposed. Spectral Dual-Energy CT (DE-CT) acquires two sets of spectral data, and Spectral Photon Counting CT (PC-CT) detects energy of x-ray photons to reveal additional material information of objects by using novel energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors. The K-edge imaging may be a gateway for functional or molecular CT. The book covers detectors and electronics, image reconstruction methods, image quality assessments, a simulation tool, nanoparticle contrast agents, and clinical applications for spectral CT.
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Katsuyuki Taguchi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-15
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Katsuyuki Taguchi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography is a comprehensive cover of the latest developments in the most prevalent imaging modality (x-ray computed tomography (CT)) in its latest incarnation: Spectral, Dual-Energy, and Photon Counting CT. Disadvantages of the conventional single-energy technique used by CT technology are that different materials cannot be distinguished and that the noise is larger. To address these problems, a novel spectral CT concept has been proposed. Spectral Dual-Energy CT (DE-CT) acquires two sets of spectral data, and Spectral Photon Counting CT (PC-CT) detects energy of x-ray photons to reveal additional material information of objects by using novel energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors. The K-edge imaging may be a gateway for functional or molecular CT. The book covers detectors and electronics, image reconstruction methods, image quality assessments, a simulation tool, nanoparticle contrast agents, and clinical applications for spectral CT.
Spectral Imaging
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Author : Hatem Alkadhi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-02
Spectral Imaging written by Hatem Alkadhi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-02 with Medical categories.
This book, edited by leading experts in radiology, offers a state-of-the-art overview of the specifics and the added value of dual-energy, multi-energy, and spectral computed tomography (CT). Latest advances and upcoming innovations such as photon-counting detector CT are covered by renown experts in the field. The entire spectrum of clinical applications of dual-energy and spectral CT throughout the body is covered. Book chapters are written by expert authors with a background in physics and radiology and are richly illustrated with high quality figures, graphical illustrations, and tables. The first section covers background issues and the most relevant technical aspects of the technique, including a detailed description of the approaches to dual-energy, spectral and photon-counting CT by different vendors of CT scanners. The second part focusses on the use of dual-energy, spectral and photon-counting CT in daily clinical practice, and individual chapters are devoted to imaging of the brain, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal organs, skeletal system, and the chest. The focus of the book ensures that it will be of interest for a multidisciplinary forum of readers comprising radiologists, medical physicists, and other medical professionals and scientists being interested in cutting-edge CT imaging.
Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Scott Hsieh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-27
Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Scott Hsieh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of Photon Counting CT technology for X-ray medical imaging, especially as it pertains to new detectors. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in CT medical imaging. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. The authors also provide a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors, methods of material discrimination and image reconstruction techniques. Covers a broad range of topics, including an introduction to novel spectral Computed Tomography; Includes in-depth analysis on how to optimize X-ray detection; Discusses analysis of electronics for X-ray detection.
Spectral Multi Detector Computed Tomography Smdct
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Author : Xiangyang Tang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-12-11
Spectral Multi Detector Computed Tomography Smdct written by Xiangyang Tang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-11 with Science categories.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been one of the most popular diagnostic imaging modalities for decades in the clinic for saving patients’ lives or improving their quality of life. This book is an introductory one-stop shop for technological and clinical topics in multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Starting with MDCT’s fundamentals in physics and mathematics, the book provides an in-depth introduction to its system architecture and imaging chain, signal detection via energy-integration and photon-counting mechanisms, clinical application-driven scan modes and protocols, analytic and iterative image reconstruction solutions, and spectral imaging – the latest technological advancement in MDCT. The book extends its coverage on image quality assessment under the theory of signal detection and statistical decision. In recognition of its clinical relevance for conspicuity enhancement in angiographic and parenchymal imaging applications, the book features a chapter dedicated to the fundamental (chemical, physical and physicochemical) properties and clinical administration of iodinated contrast agent. The book ends with an outlook of the contrast agents that are novel in material and delivery, and their synergy with spectral MDCT to elevate CT’s contrast resolution in cardiovascular, neurovascular and oncologic applications. This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers, engineers, radiological physicians and technologists, and graduate and senior undergraduate students. Features Provides an accessible introduction to the subject Up to date with the latest advances in emerging technologies and procedures Provides a historical overview of CT technology Xiangyang Tang, PhD, is an imaging scientist with extensive research and development experience in industry (GE Healthcare), academia (Emory University School of Medicine) and the clinic (Emory Healthcare). With a focus on computed tomography, Tang has been working in the field of medical imaging for more than 20 years. He is a professor of radiology and imaging sciences at Emory University School of Medicine, Fellow of SPIE (International Society for Optics and Photonics) and Fellow of AAPM (American Association of Physicists in Medicine). Along with the publication of more than 200 papers in leading scientific journals and conferences, his contributions to the scientific community include serving as associate editor for a number of prestigious journals, in addition to working on the scientific committees of leading conferences and panels for numerous federal and foundational study sections.
Quantitative Material Decomposition Methods For X Ray Spectral Ct
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Author : Ting Su
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Quantitative Material Decomposition Methods For X Ray Spectral Ct written by Ting Su and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) plays an important part in non-invasive imaging since its introduction. During the past few years, numerous technological advances in X-ray CT have been observed, including spectral CT, which uses photon counting detectors (PCDs) to discriminate transmitted photons corresponding to selected energy bins in order to obtain spectral information with one single acquisition. Spectral CT enables us to overcome many limitations of the conventional CT techniques and opens up many new application possibilities, among which quantitative material decomposition is the hottest topic. A number of material decomposition methods have been reported and different experimental systems are under development for spectral CT. According to the type of data on which the decomposition step operates, we have projection domain method (decomposition before reconstruction) and image domain method (decomposition after reconstruction). The commonly used decomposition is based on least square criterion, named proj-LS and ima-LS method. However, the inverse problem of material decomposition is usually ill-posed and the X-ray spectral CT measurements suffer from Poisson photon counting noise. The standard LS criterion can lead to overfitting to the noisy measurement data. In the present work, we have proposed a least log-squares criterion for projection domain method to minimize the errors on linear attenuation coefficient: proj-LLS method. Furthermore, to reduce the effect of noise and enforce smoothness, we have proposed to add a patchwise regularization term to penalize the sum of the square variations within each patch for both projection domain and image domain decomposition, named proj-PR-LLS and ima-PR-LS method. The performances of the different methods were evaluated by spectral CT simulation studies with specific phantoms for different applications: (1) Medical application: iodine and calcium identification. The decomposition results of the proposed methods show that calcium and iodine can be well separated and quantified from soft tissues. (2) Industrial application: ABS-flame retardants (FR) plastic sorting. Results show that 3 kinds of ABS materials with different flame retardants can be separated when the sample thickness is favorable. Meanwhile, we simulated spectral CT imaging with a PMMA phantom filled with Fe, Ca and K solutions. Different acquisition parameters, i.e. exposure factor and number of energy bins were simulated to investigate their influence on the performance of the proposed methods for iron determination.
Spectral Computed Tomography
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Author : Björn J. Heismann
language : en
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
Release Date : 2012
Spectral Computed Tomography written by Björn J. Heismann and has been published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry categories.
Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used x-ray scanning technique. In its prominent use as a medical imaging device, CT serves as a workhorse in many clinical settings throughout the world. It provides answers to urgent diagnostic tasks such as oncology tumor staging, acute stroke analysis, or radiation therapy planning. Spectral Computed Tomography provides a concise, practical coverage of this important medical tool. The first chapter considers the main clinical motivations for spectral CT applications. In Chapter 2, the measurement properties of spectral CT systems are described. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the current state of research on spectral CT algorithms. Based on this overview, the technical realization of spectral CT systems is evaluated in Chapter 4. Device approaches such as DSCT, kV switching, and energy-resolving detectors are compared. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes various algorithms for spectral CT reconstructions and spectral CT image postprocessing, and links these algorithms to clinical use cases
Radiation Detectors For Medical Imaging
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Author : Jan S. Iwanczyk
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-10-16
Radiation Detectors For Medical Imaging written by Jan S. Iwanczyk and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging discusses the current state of the art and future prospects of photon-counting detectors for medical imaging applications. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book: Describes x-ray spectral imaging detectors based on cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials Presents novel computed tomography (CT) and x-ray clinical applications of photon-counting detectors Considers the future use of CT scanners as both an anatomical and a functional modality in areas typically reserved for nuclear medicine techniques Addresses pulse pileup, incomplete charge collection, and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors Examines silicon photomultipliers used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) systems Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging explores cutting-edge technologies that play a vital role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of major human diseases, including heart disease and cancer—the top killers in developed countries.
Computed Tomography
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Author : Ehsan Samei
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-12-06
Computed Tomography written by Ehsan Samei and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-06 with Medical categories.
This book offers a comprehensive and topical depiction of advances in CT imaging. CT has become a leading medical imaging modality, thanks to its superb spatial and temporal resolution to depict anatomical details. New advances have further extended the technology to provide physiological information, enabling a wide and expanding range of clinical applications. The text covers the latest advancements in CT technology and clinical applications for a variety of CT types and imaging methods. The content is presented in seven parts to offer a structure across a board coverage of CT: CT Systems, CT Performance, CT Practice, Spectral CT, Quantitative CT, Functional CT, and Special Purpose CT. Each contain chapters written by leading experts in the field, covering CT hardware and software innovations, CT operation, CT performance characterization, functional and quantitative applications, and CT systems devised for specific anatomical applications. This book is an ideal resource for practitioners of CT applications in medicine, including physicians, trainees, engineers, and scientists.
Scatter Correction For Spectral Computed Tomography
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Author : Odran Pivot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Scatter Correction For Spectral Computed Tomography written by Odran Pivot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Scattered radiation is a major cause of bias, loss of contrast and artifacts in x-ray computed tomography (CT). Many correction methods have been proposed for conventional CT (using energy-integrating detectors) but it is still an open research topic in the field of spectral CT, a novel imaging technique based on the use of energy-selective photon counting detectors. The main objective of the present thesis was to investigate scatter correction techniques adapted to spectral CT. The chosen solution refines a scatter correction method developed for integration-mode CT which uses a semi-transparent primary modulator mask. The attenuation of the primary modulator mask is first compensated for with a correction matrix which takes advantage of the spectral information. The other contributions are a scatter model based on B-splines allowing an accurate representation of scatter maps with the aid of a very few parameters and a cost function which takes into account the structures of the mask and the object. The accuracy of the correction matrix, the scatter model and the whole proposed scatter correction process were tested on simulated data considering photon counting detectors with various numbers of energy bins and have shown a significant bias reduction, contrast enhancement and artifact removal. In addition, physical experiments were performed using a parallel fan-beam set-up with a commercial energy-resolved detector. The method was successfully validated in the case of two phantoms dedicated to medical image quality measurements, with a remarkable improvement.