Spin Polarized Current Phenomena In Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
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Spin Polarized Current Phenomena In Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
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Author : Li Gao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Spin Polarized Current Phenomena In Magnetic Tunnel Junctions written by Li Gao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Spin Dependent Transport In Magnetic Nanostructures
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Author : Sadamichi Maekawa
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-07-11
Spin Dependent Transport In Magnetic Nanostructures written by Sadamichi Maekawa and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In magnetic systems of nano-meter size, the interplay between spin and charge of electrons provides unique transport phenomena. In magnetic superlattices, magnetic and non-magnetic metallic thin films with thickness of the order of one nano-meter are piled-up alternately. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these superlattices in 1988, spin dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures have received much attention from both academic and technological points of view. Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions made of ferromagnetic metal electrodes and a very thin insulating barrier between them are also of current interest as magnetoresistive devices, where the tunneling current depends on the relative orientation of magnetization (TMR). In addition to magnetic superlattices and magnetic tunnel junctions, magnetic granular systems and magnetic dots have been studied extensively as magnetoresistive systems. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures introduces and explains the basic physics and applications of a variety of spin-dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures with particular emphasis on magnetic multilayers and magnetic tunnel junctions.
Spintronics
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Author : Puja Dey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-04-13
Spintronics written by Puja Dey and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-13 with Science categories.
This book highlights the overview of Spintronics, including What is Spintronics ?; Why Do We Need Spintronics ?; Comparative merit-demerit of Spintronics and Electronics ; Research Efforts put on Spintronics ; Quantum Mechanics of Spin; Dynamics of magnetic moments : Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation; Spin-Dependent Band Gap in Ferromagnetic Materials; Functionality of ‘Spin’ in Spintronics; Different Branches of Spintronics etc. Some important notions on basic elements of Spintronics are discussed here, such as – Spin Polarization, Spin Filter Effect, Spin Generation and Injection, Spin Accumulation, Different kinds of Spin Relaxation Phenomena, Spin Valve, Spin Extraction, Spin Hall Effect, Spin Seebeck Effect, Spin Current Measurement Mechanism, Magnetoresistance and its different kinds etc. Concept of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), different types of GMR, qualitative and quantitative explanation of GMR employing Resistor Network Theory are presented here. Tunnelling Magnetoresistance (TMR), Magnetic Junctions, Effect of various parameters on TMR, Measurement of spin relaxation length and time in the spacer layer are covered here. This book highlights the concept of Spin Transfer Torque (STT), STT in Ferromagnetic Layer Structures, STT driven Magnetization Dynamics, STT in Magnetic Multilayer Nanopillar etc. This book also sheds light on Magnetic Domain Wall (MDW) Motion, Ratchet Effect in MDW motion, MDW motion velocity measurements, Current-driven MDW motion, etc. The book deals with the emerging field of spintronics, i.e., Opto-spintronics. Special emphasis is given on ultrafast optical controlling of magnetic states of antiferromagnet, Spin-photon interaction, Faraday Effect, Inverse Faraday Effect and outline of different all-optical spintronic switching. One more promising branch i.e., Terahertz Spintronics is also covered. Principle of operation of spintronic terahertz emitter, choice of materials, terahertz writing of an antiferromagnetic magnetic memory device is discussed. Brief introduction of Semiconductor spintronics is presented that includes dilute magnetic semiconductor, feromagnetic semiconductor, spin polarized semiconductor devices, three terminal spintronic devices, Spin transistor, Spin-LED, and Spin-Laser. This book also emphasizes on several modern spintronics devices that includes GMR Read Head of Modern Hard Disk Drive, MRAM, Position Sensor, Biosensor, Magnetic Field sensor, Three Terminal Magnetic Memory Devices, Spin FET, Race Track Memory and Quantum Computing.
Spin Orbit Coupling Induced Phenomena In Spintronic Devices
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Author : Tao Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Spin Orbit Coupling Induced Phenomena In Spintronic Devices written by Tao Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is a relativistic interaction between spin and orbital momentum that induces a plenty of novel phenomena including spin Hall effect (SHE), Rashba-Edelstein effect (REE), topological surface states (TSS), spin orbit toques (SOTs), etc. In this thesis work, we have conducted relevant researches in order to develop materials and heterostructures, as well as new phenomena that can lead to high efficiency in generating SOTs or switching the magnetization. We have also investigated fabrication technique that speeds up the fabrication of nanoscale devices. ☐ A nanofabrication procedure has been developed based on shadow mask and angle deposition techniques. It is an efficient bottom-up, as oppose to top-down lithography technique, to fabricate rather complicate devices. A comprehensive study of shadow mask technique has been accomplished to fabricate magnetoelectric (ME) device based on voltage controlled boundary magnetism of antiferromagnet Cr2O3 and magnetic tunnel junctions. ☐ The researches on SOTs focus on SHE, REE and TSS in which a charge current is converted into spin current that exerts the SOTs on the magnetization of neighboring ferromagnetic layer. First, we have studied the charge to spin conversion efficiency in 3d light transition metal vanadium in V/CoFeB bilayer, which shows a surprisingly large spin Hall angle that is comparable to that of Pt. Second, we have investigated the temperature dependent SOTs in Bi2Se3/Co and Bi2Se3/Ni80Fe20 bilayers, and confirmed the existence of TSS in Bi2Se3/Co systems. Finally, we have discovered a novel spin rotation behaviors in a ferromagnetic metal, where the spin polarization is rotated around the magnetization. It implies that a perpendicularly polarized spin current can be generated by an in-plane charge current through a ferromagnetic metal, which can be applied to realize the anti-damping switching process in magnetic heterostructures.
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics
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Author : Yoshishige Suzuki
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-10-07
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics written by Yoshishige Suzuki and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-07 with Science categories.
Current and voltage applied to the magnetic nanopillars induce a spin injection and an accumulation of nonequilibrium charges in a nanosize magnetic cell and result a spin torque exerted on the magnetic moment. Using such torques, we may amplify a precession of magnetization and induct a magnetization switching. These phenomena provide new techniques to write information into tiny magnetic cells and to construct oscillators and rectifiers that are several tens of nanometers in size. In this chapter, spin injections, and current and voltage-induced spin torques in magnetic multilayers, which show giant magnetoresistance effect in current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP-GMR) geometry, and magnetic tunneling junctions are described. Further, mechanisms of spin injection and voltage-induced magnetization switching and its high-speed observations are explained. Then, phenomena related to spin injection, namely, spin-transfer oscillation and the spin-torque diode effect, are described. Finally, applications related to the spin-injection technology are reviewed.
Spin Dynamics In Confined Magnetic Structures Ii
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Author : Burkard Hillebrands
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-09-04
Spin Dynamics In Confined Magnetic Structures Ii written by Burkard Hillebrands and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-04 with Science categories.
This second volume of the book on spin dynamics in confined magnetic structures covers central aspects of spin dynamic phenomena, so that researchers can find a comprehensive compilation of the current work in the field. Introductory chapters help newcomers to understand the basic concepts, and the more advanced chapters give the current state of the art for most spin dynamic issues in the milliseconds to femtoseconds range. Both experimental techniques and theoretical work are discussed. The comprehensive presentation of these developments makes this volume very timely and valuable for every researcher working in the field of magnetism. It describes the new experimental techniques which have advanced this field very rapidly. Among the techniques covered, particular attention is given to those involving high temporal, elemental and spatial resolution as well as to techniques involving magnetic field pulses with very short rise times and durations.
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics
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Author : Jun-ichiro Inoue
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-10-07
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics written by Jun-ichiro Inoue and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-07 with Science categories.
Novel magnetotransport phenomena appear when magnet sizes become nanoscale. Typical examples of such phenomena are giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic multilayers, tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions, and ballistic magnetoresistance (BMR) in magnetic nanocontacts. In this chapter, we first briefly review the relationship between spin-dependent resistivity and electronic structures in metals and alloys, and describe microscopic methods for investigating electrical transport. We then review the essential aspects of GMR, TMR, and BMR, emphasizing the role of the electronic structures of the constituent metals of these junctions and the effects of roughness on the electrical resistivity (or resistance). The important factors that control GMR are shown to be the spin-dependent random potential at interfaces and band matching/mismatching between magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. For TMR, several factors are shown to be important in determining the MR ratio, including the shape of the Fermi surface of the electrodes, the symmetry of the wave functions, electron scattering at interfaces, and spin-slip tunneling. An interpretation of TMR in Fe/MgO/Fe and of an oscillation of TMR is presented. TMR in granular films and in the Coulomb-blockade regime is also described. We also provide a brief explanation for other MR effects, such as normal MR, anisotropic MR (AMR) and colossal MR (CMR) in order to clarify the essential difference between these MRs and GMR, TMR, and BMR. These MR effects are attributed to the spin-dependent electrical currents produced in metallic ferromagnets. After the discovery of these different MR effects, the role of spin current was proposed, for example, spin Hall effect and the effects of spin transfer torque, which will be briefly explained in this chapter. The former orginates from the spin–orbit interaction, and can be observed even in nonmagnetic metals and semiconductors. It is closely related to the anomalous Hall effect observed in ferromagnetic metals. The spin transfer torque is an inverse effect of the MR. The MR is the resistivity change produced by magnetization rotation in ferromagnetic junctions, while the spin transfer torque is an effect in which spin-polarized current makes the magnetization rotate. Finally, we briefly introduce the coupled effects of spin, charge, and heat transport, which are called spin caloritronics.
Handbook Of Spin Transport And Magnetism
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Author : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-08-25
Handbook Of Spin Transport And Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-25 with Science categories.
In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg’s Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, balanced account of the state of the art in the field known as spin electronics or spintronics. It reveals how key phenomena first discovered in one class of materials, such as spin injection in metals, have been revisited decades later in other materials systems, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carefully engineered nanostructures. The first section of the book offers a historical and personal perspective of the field written by Nobel Prize laureate Albert Fert. The second section addresses physical phenomena, such as GMR, in hybrid structures of ferromagnetic and normal metals. The third section discusses recent developments in spin-dependent tunneling, including magnetic tunnel junctions with ferroelectric barriers. In the fourth section, the contributors look at how to control spin and magnetism in semiconductors. In the fifth section, they examine phenomena typically found in nanostructures made from metals, superconductors, molecular magnets, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene. The final section covers novel spin-based applications, including advanced magnetic sensors, nonvolatile magnetoresistive random access memory, and semiconductor spin-lasers. The techniques and materials of spintronics have rapidly evolved in recent years, leading to vast improvements in hard drive storage and magnetic sensing. With extensive cross-references between chapters, this seminal handbook provides a complete guide to spin transport and magnetism across various classes of materials and structures.
Handbook Of Spintronics
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Author : Yongbing Xu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-14
Handbook Of Spintronics written by Yongbing Xu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-14 with Science categories.
Over two volumes and 1500 pages, the Handbook of Spintronics will cover all aspects of spintronics science and technology, including fundamental physics, materials properties and processing, established and emerging device technology and applications. Comprising 60 chapters from a large international team of leading researchers across academia and industry, the Handbook provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this dynamic field of research. The opening chapters focus on the fundamental physical principles of spintronics in metals and semiconductors, including an introduction to spin quantum computing. Materials systems are then considered, with sections on metallic thin films and multilayers, magnetic tunnelling structures, hybrids, magnetic semiconductors and molecular spintronic materials. A separate section reviews the various characterisation methods appropriate to spintronics materials, including STM, spin-polarised photoemission, x-ray diffraction techniques and spin-polarised SEM. The third part of the Handbook contains chapters on the state of the art in device technology and applications, including spin valves, GMR and MTJ devices, MRAM technology, spin transistors and spin logic devices, spin torque devices, spin pumping and spin dynamics and other topics such as spin caloritronics. Each chapter considers the challenges faced by researchers in that area and contains some indications of the direction that future work in the field is likely to take. This reference work will be an essential and long-standing resource for the spintronics community.
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics
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Author : Teruya Shinjo
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2009-06-29
Nanomagnetism And Spintronics written by Teruya Shinjo and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-29 with Science categories.
Spintronics is a newly developing area in the field of magnetism, in which the interplay of magnetism and transport phenomena is studied experimentally and theoretically. This book introduces the recent progresses in the research relating to spintronics. Presents in-depth analysis of this fascinating and technologically important new branch of nanoscience Edited text with contributions from acknowledged leaders in the field This handbook and guide will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of electronic devices and materials