Spumaretroviruses
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Spumaretroviruses
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Author : Arifa S Khan
language : en
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Release Date : 2021-08-26
Spumaretroviruses written by Arifa S Khan and has been published by Mdpi AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-26 with Medical categories.
Foamy viruses, currently referred to as spumaretroviruses, are the most ancient retroviruses as evidenced by traces of viral sequences dispersed in all vertebrate classes from fish to mammals. Additionally, infectious foamy viruses circulate in a variety of mammalian species including simian, bovine, equine, caprine, and feline. Foamy viruses have many unique features which led to the division of the retrovirus family into two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. In vitro, foamy viruses have a broad host range and in vivo, human infections have been described due to cross-species transmission from infected nonhuman primates. Thus far, there are no reports of virus-induced disease in humans or in the natural host species. These unique properties of foamy viruses have led researchers to develop foamy viruses as gene therapy vectors to study virus-virus and virus-host interactions for identifying factors involved in virus replication, transmission, and immune regulation that could influence potential clinical outcomes in humans as well as for using endogenous foamy virus sequences in the analysis of host species evolution.
Foamy Viruses Microbiology And Immunology Essentials
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Author : Margrett Roche
language : en
Publisher: Hayle Medical
Release Date : 2023-09-19
Foamy Viruses Microbiology And Immunology Essentials written by Margrett Roche and has been published by Hayle Medical this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-19 with Medical categories.
Foamy viruses, also known as spumaviruses, are complex retroviruses which make up a subfamily of Retroviridae family. This class of viruses can naturally infect a variety of animals including non-human primates (NHPs). Spumaretroviruses are unique and unconventional with respect to many aspects of molecular biology such as assembly and release of enveloped viral particles. There are three major proteins that are encoded within the retroviral genome, namely, group antigens (Gag), envelope protein (Env), and reverse transcriptase (Pol). Both Gag and Env as components of the minimal assembly and the release machinery display substantial variations in their molecular structures and functions compared to other retroviruses. Some of the distinct features of spumaretroviruses, which are not found in other retroviruses, are genome coding strategy, sequence features, mode and timing of Gag polyprotein processing, and packaging and activation of the Pol gene-associated enzymatic functions. This book provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the microbiology and immunology of foamy viruses. Researchers and students in the field of medical microbiology will be greatly assisted by it.
The Forests Of The Congo Basin State Of The Forests 2021
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Author : Eba’a Atyi, R.
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2022-11-01
The Forests Of The Congo Basin State Of The Forests 2021 written by Eba’a Atyi, R. and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-01 with categories.
Foamy Viruses
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Author : Axel Rethwilm
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-05-12
Foamy Viruses written by Axel Rethwilm and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-12 with Medical categories.
The aberrant replication pathway of foamy viruses distinguishes them from all other retroviruses. Many details have been accumulated over the past ten or so years. Most of the findings on foamy viruses were obtained by research on a single virus isolate previously called "human foamy virus", which appeared to be the first to be investigated on a molecular level. However, to the editor's knowledge, genuine human foamy viruses do not exist, but several trans-species transmissions of different simian foamy viruses from monkeys and apes to human hosts.
Microorganisms And Autoimmune Diseases
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Author : Herman Friedman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Microorganisms And Autoimmune Diseases written by Herman Friedman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Experts in microbiology and autoimmunity examine the association between microorganisms and the development of specific categories of autoimmune diseases. The opening chapters explore the bacterial induction of diseases considered autoimmune in nature. Subsequent chapters describe the role of viruses in the induction of these diseases and of diseases with an autoimmune component. Specific topics include: the role of streptococcal infection in rheumatic fever and the role of Klebsiella in the development of ankylosing spondylitis.
Viruses
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Author : Susan Payne
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-09-23
Viruses written by Susan Payne and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-23 with Science categories.
Viruses: From Understanding to Investigation, Second Edition presents the definitions and unique characteristics of viruses. The book includes major topics such as virus lifecycle, structure, taxonomy, evolution, history, host-virus interactions, and methods to study. In addition, the book assesses the connections between the aforementioned topics and provides an integrated approach and in-depth understanding of how viruses work. The new edition also provides an expanded methods chapter containing new information on deep sequencing for in virus identification, mathematical formulas to calculate titers and a description of quantitiative PCR for enumerating viruses. The vaccine chapter has been updated to include vaccine efficacy, mRNA vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. The viral pathogenesis chapter has been expanded to include mechanisms of virally induced cancers. Viral taxonomy sections have been updated and chapters revised to accommodate new virus family designations. New chapters include nucleocytoplasmic viruses (very large DNA viruses), replication of viroids and COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Employs a comparative strategy to emphasize unique structural and molecular characteristics that inform transmission, disease processes, vaccine strategies, and host responses Presents a review of host cell, molecular biology, and the immune system Features topical areas of research, including genomics in virus discovery, the virome, and beneficial interactions between viruses and their hosts Includes text boxes throughout with experimental approaches used by virologists Covers learning objectives in each chapter
The Retroviridae
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Author : Jay A. Levy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
The Retroviridae written by Jay A. Levy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
depth overview of the retrovirus family. I have greatly enjoyed and learned from this experience. Each chapter is an excellent introduction to the topic covered and provides a good foundation for further work in the field. Jay A. Levy University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, California REFERENCES Brown, E. W., Yuhki, N., Packer, C., and O'Brien, S. J., 1994, A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: Epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects, ,. Viral. 68:5953-5968. Merza, M., Larsson, E., Steen, M., and Morein, B., 1994, Association of a retrovirus with a wasting condition in the Swedish moose, Virology 202:956-961. Contents Chapter 1 The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Edward Barker, Susan W Barnett, Leonidas Stamatatos, and Jay A. Levy I. Introduction .................................................... 1 TI. Description of Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Virus Structure .............................................. 2 B. Genetic Organization and Gene Function ...................... 2 TIL Transmission.................................................... 7 A. General Observations ........................................ 7 B. HIV Transmission by Blood and Blood Products ................ 8 C. HIV Transmission by Genital Fluids ........................... 10 D. HIV Transmission by Other Body Fluids ....................... 12 E. Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................ 12 IV. HIV Infection of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction ................................................. 13 B. HIV-Cell Interaction............ ............... .............. 15 C. CD4-Induced gp120 Conformational Changes .................. 16 D. Soluble CD4-Induced gp120-gp41 Dissociation..... ............ 16 E. gp120 Proteolytic Cleavage ................................... 17 F. pH-Independent Membrane Fusion ............................ 19 G. Transmission of HIV by Cell-to-Cell Fusion.................... 19 H. Additional Cell Surface Receptors for HIV ..................... 20 I. The Envelope Region and Cell Tropism ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . .
Aids Research And Human Retroviruses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Aids Research And Human Retroviruses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
Fields Virology Rna Viruses
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Author : Peter M. Howley
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2022-06-09
Fields Virology Rna Viruses written by Peter M. Howley and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-09 with Medical categories.
Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: RNA Viruses, Seventh Edition covers the latest information on RNA viruses, how they cause disease, how they can cause epidemics and pandemics, new therapeutics and vaccine approaches, as provided in new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field. Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as medical students pursuing a career in infectious diseases.
Human Retrovirus Protocols
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Author : Tuofu Zhu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-04
Human Retrovirus Protocols written by Tuofu Zhu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-04 with Science categories.
A cutting-edge collection of basic and state-of-the-art methods optimized for investigating the molecular biology of this class of retrovirus. These readily reproducible techniques range from methods for the isolation and detection of human retroviruses to cutting-edge methods for exploring the interplay between the viruses and the host. Here, the researcher will find up-to-date techniques for the isolation and propagation of HIV, HTLV, and foamy virus from a variety of sources. There are also assays for determining the cell tropism of HIV-1, the coreceptor usage of HIV-1, and human gene expression with HIV-1 infection by microarrays, as well as for phenotyping HIV-1 infected monocytes and examining their fitness. Highlights include the detection and quantification of HIV-1 in resting CD4+, a new cloning system for making recombinent virus, cDNA microarrays, and the determination of genetic polymorphisms in two recently identified HIV-1 co-factors that are critical for HIV-1 infection.