Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials
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Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials
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Author : Hans Zweifel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials written by Hans Zweifel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Plastics are used worldwide in everyday life, e.g. as food packaging, electronics, construction, automotive parts, and household appliances. To produce these products with the desired service lifetimes the use of suitable stabilizers is necessary. This book provides a concise and comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms of plastic degradation processes caused by heat and light. At its core is a detailed description of the stabilization of different polymers, including an explanation of stabilization mechanisms and the influence of commonly used additives such as fillers, flame retardents and pigments on the stability of plastic. Every polymer scientist, material technologist, or application engineer dealing with the design of the properties of plastics will benefit from this new overview.
Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation
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Author : Norman Grassie
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1988-04-14
Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-04-14 with Science categories.
The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.
Aging And Stabilization Of Polymers
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Author : M. B. Neiman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Aging And Stabilization Of Polymers written by M. B. Neiman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The need for a broad development of the production of polymer ma terials has become evident. All these materials are subject to various types of aging (destruction); hence, stabilizers which permit the stor age, reprocessing, and use of polymer materials without any appreci able change in their properties must be introduced into them. In recent years, this problem of stabilizing polymers has attracted the attention of many scientists and technologists, both in the USSR and abroad. The scientific basis of the foreign studies will be found in a number of theo retical premises, but chiefly the theory of chain reactions with un branched chains. In the Soviet Union, the concepts of Academician N. N. Semenov on chain reactions with degenerate branches have become the starting point of theoretical studies of the stabilization and destruction of polymers. Soviet scientists have developed a theory of critical concentrations of antioxidants and have shown that the processes of stabilization have a very complex chemical character. The nature of the polymers them selves greatly affects these processes and consequently, different stabil izers are required for polymers of different structures. In addition, it has been shown that the antioxidants used thus far can not only cause chain termination, but can also initiate oxidation and give rise to de generate branches.
Polymer Additives
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Author : Jiri E. Kresta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Polymer Additives written by Jiri E. Kresta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Ever since the beginning of the plastics and rubber industry, it was realized that useful products could be produced only if cer tain additives were incorporated into polymers. With the help of these additives, when physically dispersed in a polymer matrix, it has been possible to improve stability against thermal, oxidative, UV, hydrolytic and biological degradation, mechanical properties, flammability, cost, and processibility of plastics. The enormous growth of the volume of plastics consumed by modern society, and new application areas for plastics, have created a demand for new, better additives and better understanding of their functions in polymer systems. As a result of these trends there is a need for sharing of information on progress achieved in the area of polymer additives among engineers and scientists of the plastics industry and academia. This book is based on expanded and updated papers originally presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Additives, which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was sponsored by the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engi neering. The book is divided into five parts which cover advances in various areas of polymer additives. The first part is devoted to the progress in understanding of UV degradation and stabilization of various polymers. Oxidation degradation and stabilization of plastic materials is covered in the second part. New developments in the stabilization of PVC are presented in the third part.
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization
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Author : W. L. Hawkins
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.
Antioxidative Stabilization Of Polymers
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Author : Y A Shlyapnikov
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1996-10-09
Antioxidative Stabilization Of Polymers written by Y A Shlyapnikov and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-09 with Science categories.
Polymers play a vital role in manufacturing processes of many kinds, and the development of new polymeric materials is of increasing importance in the field of materials science. Because of this, there is a need to understand why the properties of polymers change, what can be done to avoid degradation and failure, and how performance can be maintained over a much longer lifespan. The authors deal firstly with the process of degradation through oxidation, and then explain how the addition of various antioxidants can inhibit or retard this process. They present a unique discussion of the physico-chemical aspects, particularly the chemical kinetics of antioxidant action and of branched chain reaction kinetics, and the theory of critical phenomena inhibited oxidation. The last part of the book offers practical advice on methods of oxidation investigation, on selection of appropriate antixodants, and on the basic principles of performance prognosis. The book also includes a unique coverage of the regularities of additive solubility.
Photostabilization Of Polymers
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Author : J.F. Rabek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Photostabilization Of Polymers written by J.F. Rabek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.
Fundamentals Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilization
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Author : N.S. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1992-10-31
Fundamentals Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilization written by N.S. Allen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-10-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
During the past decade, the field of polymer degradation and stabilization has become a subject of central importance in polymer science and technology. This book provides a fundamental source of information designed for those with only a basic understanding of the background of the field.
Thermal Degradation Of Polymeric Materials
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Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
language : en
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Release Date : 2005
Thermal Degradation Of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and has been published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.
Resistance And Stability Of Polymers
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Author : Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Resistance And Stability Of Polymers written by Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Plastics Technology categories.
The stability and resistance of polymeric materials determine whether they can be utilized in a given application. Authoritative and reliable material information is needed during the material selection process and this information must consider the influences of material manufacturing, compounding and stabilization, processing, part design, use and subsequent disposal/recycling. This book is based on the review of more than 1200 literature sources and represents a comprehensive overview of the current know-how regarding the stability and resistance of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers as well as the most commonly used reinforcements and additives. Extensive tables document material resistance to given media, facilitating appropriate material selection or stabilization for a given application.