Statistical Significance And The Phc Curve
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Statistical Significance And The Phc Curve
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Author : Hideki Toyoda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-28
Statistical Significance And The Phc Curve written by Hideki Toyoda and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-28 with Social Science categories.
This book explains the importance of using the probability that the hypothesis is correct (PHC), an intuitive measure that anyone can understand, as an alternative to the p-value. In order to overcome the “reproducibility crisis” caused by the misuse of significance tests, this book provides a detailed explanation of the mechanism of p-hacking using significance tests, and concretely shows the merits of PHC as an alternative to p-values. In March 2019, two impactful papers on statistics were published. One paper, "Moving to a World Beyond ‘p 0.05’”, was featured in the scholarly journal emThe American Statistician/em, overseen by the American Statistical Association. The title of the first chapter is “Don't Say ‘Statistically Significant’”, and it uses the imperative form to clearly forbid the use of significance testing. Another paper, “Retire statistical significance”, was published in the prestigious scientific journal emNature/em. This commentary was endorsed by more than 800 scientists, advocating for the statement, “We agree, and call for the entire concept of statistical significance to be abandoned.” Consider a study comparing the duration of hospital stays between treatments A and B. Previously, research conclusions were typically stated as: “There was a statistically significant difference at the 5% level in the average duration of hospital stays.” This phrasing is quite abstract. Instead, we present the following conclusion as an example: (1) The average duration of hospital stays for Group A is at least half a day shorter than for Group B. (2) 71% of patients in Group A have shorter hospital stays than the average for Group B. (3) Group A has an average hospital stay that is, on average, no more than 94% of that of Group B. Then, the probability that the expression is correct is shown. That is the PHC curve.
Statistics With Posterior Probability And A Phc Curve
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Author : Hideki Toyoda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024
Statistics With Posterior Probability And A Phc Curve written by Hideki Toyoda and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Markov processes categories.
This textbook reconstructs the statistics curriculum from the perspective of posterior probability. In recent years, there have been several reports that the results of studies using significant tests cannot be reproduced. It is a problem called a "reproducibility crisis". For example, suppose we could reject the null hypothesis that "the average number of days to recovery in patients who took a new drug was the same as that in the control group". However, rejecting the null hypothesis is only a necessary condition for the new drug to be effective. Even if the necessary conditions are met, it does not necessarily mean that the new drug is effective. In fact, there are many cases where the effect is not reproduced. Sufficient conditions should be presented, such as "the average number of days until recovery in patients who take new drugs is sufficiently short compared to the control group, evaluated from a medical point of view", without paying attention to necessary conditions. This book reconstructs statistics from the perspective of PHC, i.e., probability that a research hypothesis is correct. For example, the PHC curve shows the posterior probability that the statement "The average number of days until recovery for patients taking a new drug is at least days shorter than that of the control group" is correct as a function of . Using the PHC curve makes it possible to discuss the sufficient conditions rather than the necessary conditions for being an efficient treatment. The value of statistical research should be evaluated with concrete indicators such as "90% probability of being at least 3 days shorter", not abstract metrics like the p-value.
Neuroimaging Of Brain Structure Function Coupling Mechanism In Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Author : Junghun Cho
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-09-07
Neuroimaging Of Brain Structure Function Coupling Mechanism In Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Junghun Cho and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-07 with Science categories.
Analysis Of Variance For Functional Data
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Author : Jin-Ting Zhang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-06-18
Analysis Of Variance For Functional Data written by Jin-Ting Zhang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-18 with Mathematics categories.
Despite research interest in functional data analysis in the last three decades, few books are available on the subject. Filling this gap, Analysis of Variance for Functional Data presents up-to-date hypothesis testing methods for functional data analysis. The book covers the reconstruction of functional observations, functional ANOVA, functional l
Proceedings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Proceedings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Indian Journal Of Psychiatry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Indian Journal Of Psychiatry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Electronic journals categories.
Public Health Service Publication
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Public Health Service Publication written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Public health categories.
Proceedings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Proceedings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Emphysema, Pulmonary categories.
New Aspects Of Renal Ammonia Metabolism
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Author : G. Baverel
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 1988-09-26
New Aspects Of Renal Ammonia Metabolism written by G. Baverel and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-09-26 with Medical categories.
Recent Advances In Motion Analysis
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Author : Francesco Di Nardo
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-05-05
Recent Advances In Motion Analysis written by Francesco Di Nardo and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The advances in the technology and methodology for human movement capture and analysis over the last decade have been remarkable. Besides acknowledged approaches for kinematic, dynamic, and electromyographic (EMG) analysis carried out in the laboratory, more recently developed devices, such as wearables, inertial measurement units, ambient sensors, and cameras or depth sensors, have been adopted on a wide scale. Furthermore, computational intelligence (CI) methods, such as artificial neural networks, have recently emerged as promising tools for the development and application of intelligent systems in motion analysis. Thus, the synergy of classic instrumentation and novel smart devices and techniques has created unique capabilities in the continuous monitoring of motor behaviors in different fields, such as clinics, sports, and ergonomics. However, real-time sensing, signal processing, human activity recognition, and characterization and interpretation of motion metrics and behaviors from sensor data still representing a challenging problem not only in laboratories but also at home and in the community. This book addresses open research issues related to the improvement of classic approaches and the development of novel technologies and techniques in the domain of motion analysis in all the various fields of application.