Status Of School Desegregation
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Status Of School Desegregation
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Author : Gary Orfield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Status Of School Desegregation written by Gary Orfield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Social Science categories.
This report looks at the past two decades and the impact of the growth of Hispanic and Asian populations and how they are being affected by school segregation, desegregation, and resegregation. School segregation of Hispanics has increased dramatically during a period in which the nation's Hispanic enrollment has also soared. Segregation has also grown slowly and steadily for blacks in the inner cities that have been desegregated under policies that left the suburbs unchanged. Data demonstrate that Hispanics are now significantly more segregated than Blacks. In spite of increased segregation in some cities, statistics for blacks across the United States show that the widely expected increase of segregation during the Reagan years did not occur either on a national basis or in the South where most blacks live. Reagan administration policies had no overall effect on the integration of southern black students by 1988. Data in this report do not reflect the impact of recent and pending court decisions that may affect urban school desegregation. A modest increase in the nation's residential desegregation, driven by a large increase in Black and Hispanic suburbanization, has helped offset the resegregation caused by the continuing decline of white residents in central city school systems. Twenty years of data on the 17 states that enforced mandatory segregation until 1954 show that the school desegregation accomplishments of the 1960s and the early 1970s were neither fragile nor transient. Different forms of desegregation plans have different effects on the level and persistence of desegregation and on the ability of a school district to retain white enrollment. Data in this report show that county-wide desegregation plans that include both city and suburbs are more effective on both fronts. There is no evidence that the problem of school segregation will go away, however, and a new definition of segregation will probably be needed as racial composition and suburban desegregation change. An appendix presents trends in school segregation and a chart of extreme segregation. (Contains 21 tables.) (SLD)
Status Of School Desegregation 1968 1986
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Author : Gary Orfield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Status Of School Desegregation 1968 1986 written by Gary Orfield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with School integration categories.
Desegregation Of The Nation S Public Schools
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Author : United States Commission on Civil Rights
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Desegregation Of The Nation S Public Schools written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Government publications categories.
School Desegregation
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Author : Walter Stephan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
School Desegregation written by Walter Stephan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Social Science categories.
The Growth Of Segregation In American Schools
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Author : Gary Orfield
language : en
Publisher: National School Boards Association
Release Date : 1993
The Growth Of Segregation In American Schools written by Gary Orfield and has been published by National School Boards Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Education categories.
This study shows where school segregation is concentrated and where schools remain highly integrated. It offers the first national comparison of segregation by community size and reveals that segregation remains high in big cities and serious in mid-size central cities. Many African-American and Latino students also attend segregated schools in the suburbs of the largest metropolitan areas, while rural areas and small towns, small metropolitan areas, and the suburbs of the mid-size metro areas are far more integrated. States with more fragmented district structures tend to have higher levels of segregation, particularly in states having relatively small proportions of minority students who are concentrated in a few districts. Based on these and other study findings, the country and its schools are perceived as going through vast changes without any strategy. It appears that the civil rights impulse from the 1960s is dead and racial segregation is reemerging. This report recommends policies to school districts, state government, and federal civil rights and education officials to foster integrated education and to make interracial schools function more effectively. It calls for: (1) resumption of the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department; (2) restoration of federal aid for successful integration strategies; (3) basic research on the consequences of segregation by race, ethnicity and poverty; and (4) an examination of the ways in which multiracial education functions most effectively. (GLR)
A Statistical Summary State By State Of School Segregation Desegregation In The Southern And Border Area From 1954 To The Present 1965 66
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Author : Southern Education Reporting Service
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
A Statistical Summary State By State Of School Segregation Desegregation In The Southern And Border Area From 1954 To The Present 1965 66 written by Southern Education Reporting Service and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Education categories.
Understanding School Desegregation
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Author : United States Commission on Civil Rights
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Understanding School Desegregation written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Segregation in education categories.
The great progress of recent years towards school integration has not been uniform: pockets of resistance remain and the issues involved in school desegregation continue to arouse public controversy and confusion. Sixteen years after the Supreme Court (in Brown vs Topeka) had ruled that school segregation compelled or sanctioned by law unconstitutional, there is still no widespread understanding of the nature and scope of the issues. The Civil Rights Commission believes that public understanding of the issues involved in school desegregation is essential if they are to be resolved satisfactorily. Many of these issues are legal in nature and require careful analysis of relevant court decisions. Other issues involve practical questions concerning the quality of education afforded to the Nation's children. Still others relate to fundamental human and moral questions of national conscience. The Commission speaks out in the hope that it can shed light on the issues and, by so doing, contribute to their successful resolution. The issue of school desegregation, like other issues of national concern, has roots deep in history; to understand fully the present situation and to form a sound basis for determining courses of action for the future, what that history has been must first be understood. (Authors/JM).
School Desegregation
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Author : National Institute of Education (U.S.). Desegregation Studies Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
School Desegregation written by National Institute of Education (U.S.). Desegregation Studies Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with School integration categories.
School Desegregation In Texas
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Author : School Desegregation in Texas Policy Research Project
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
School Desegregation In Texas written by School Desegregation in Texas Policy Research Project and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Social Science categories.
In "United States v. State of Texas," a federal judge in 1971 handed down a statewide desegregation order affecting over 1,000 Texas school districts, to be enforced by the Texas Education Agency (TEA). Chapter 1 of this evaluation of the order's implementation begins with the national background and local history of the case and then outlines the court order's directives on district boundary changes, extracurricular activities, faculty and staff, curriculum and compensatory education, complaints and grievances, notification, jurisdiction, and student transfers, transportation, and assignment. Chapter 2 discusses TEA's role in the implementation of the order, including enforcement of the order through TEA's Technical Assistance Division, enforcement procedures used, and implementation problems encountered. In chapter 3 the author uses statistical data, interviews, and site visits to 19 districts to assess the order's impact and effectiveness. He examines Texas school desegregation in the 1970s, districts with 66-percent-minority schools, administration of the order in the 19 districts, and district officials' attitudes toward TEA enforcement. Chapter 4 analyzes the order's effects and recommends improvements concerning implementation procedures, sanctions, and organizational structure. (RW)
Becoming Less Separate School Desegregation Justice Department Enforcement And The Pursuit Of Unitary Status
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Author : United State Civil Rights
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-01-19
Becoming Less Separate School Desegregation Justice Department Enforcement And The Pursuit Of Unitary Status written by United State Civil Rights and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-19 with Law categories.
The United States Commission on Civil Rights transmits this report, Becoming Less Separate? School Desegregation, Justice Department Enforcement, and the Pursuit of Unitary Status, pursuant to Public Law 103-419. The purpose of the report is to examine what effect the increase in the number of schools obtaining unitary status has had on the racial balance of schools that were previously under court order. Specifically, the report examines whether levels of integration tend to erode as consent decrees are lifted. To that end, the Commission collected data as to the legal status of school districts in seven states: Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The Commission then analyzed this data to determine if obtaining unitary status was associated with greater levels of racial clustering or reduced integration within districts. In addition, the Commission examined the Educational Opportunities Section (EOS) of the Department of Justice, which is charged with the primary enforcement role in this area to determine what effect its policies and actions have had on the racial balance of school districts. The findings indicate that the increase in the number of jurisdictions obtaining unitary status has not had a negative effect on levels of integration. Moreover, the evidence indicates that the substantial number of districts that have obtained unitary status since 2000, at least partly through the actions of EOS, exhibit higher levels of integration than those districts that obtained such status in prior decades. The report also indicates that certain factors, unrelated to the legal status of a school district, have a more significant effect on levels of racial balance. Among these are the size of a district's student population, the percentage of white student enrollment, and the state in which the district is located. The Commission urges that these factors be further examined and that school districts and the communities of which they are a part take the steps necessary to address the vestiges of state based discrimination.