Status Report Of United States Economic Assistance To Egypt
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Status Report Of United States Economic Assistance To Egypt
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Author : United States. Agency for International Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Status Report Of United States Economic Assistance To Egypt written by United States. Agency for International Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Economic assistance, American categories.
Egypt S Capacity To Absorb And Use Economic Assistance Effectively
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Egypt S Capacity To Absorb And Use Economic Assistance Effectively written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Economic assistance, American categories.
United States Economic Assistance To Egypt And Sudan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
United States Economic Assistance To Egypt And Sudan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Economic assistance, American categories.
U S Assistance To Egyptian Agriculture
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
U S Assistance To Egyptian Agriculture written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Agricultural assistance, American categories.
Egypt And American Foreign Assistance 1952 1956
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Author : J. Alterman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002-10-03
Egypt And American Foreign Assistance 1952 1956 written by J. Alterman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-03 with Political Science categories.
From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Egypt And The Politics Of U S Economic Aid
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Author : Marvin G Weinbaum
language : en
Publisher: Westview Press
Release Date : 1986-06-05
Egypt And The Politics Of U S Economic Aid written by Marvin G Weinbaum and has been published by Westview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-06-05 with History categories.
Egypt
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Author : Jeremy M. Sharp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-04-06
Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-06 with categories.
This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.
Egypt
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Author : Congressional Service
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-03-10
Egypt written by Congressional Service and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-10 with categories.
Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. Administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving President Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor, Muhammad Morsi, amid popular demands.Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. President Trump has sought to improve U.S. relations with Egypt, which were perceived as strained under President Obama. Nevertheless, Administration officials have raised concerns about Egypt's new NGO law and the continued detention of American citizens in Egypt.Between 1946 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $78.3 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation). This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors.For FY2018, the President is requesting a total of $1.38 billion in foreign assistance for Egypt, nearly all of which would come from the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) account. The $75 million FY2018 Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) request for Egypt is well below prior year appropriations, and Egypt has not received less than $100 million in U.S. economic assistance since the late 1970s.S. 1780, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, allocates up to $1 billion in FY2018 FMF for Egypt, while stipulating that 25% of that amount (as opposed to 15% in previous annual appropriations legislation) shall be withheld until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Government of Egypt is taking effective steps to advance democracy and human rights in Egypt. A waiver for this certification is included in the bill. H.R. 3362, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, would provide $1.3 billion in FMF to Egypt. The bill does not include a withholding of FMF or certification requirement. It does require the Secretary of State to consult with appropriators "on any plan to restructure military assistance for Egypt."
United States Economic Assistance To Egypt And Sudan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
United States Economic Assistance To Egypt And Sudan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Economic assistance, American categories.
Egypt And The Politics Of U S Economic Aid
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Author : Marvin G. Weinbaum
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-04
Egypt And The Politics Of U S Economic Aid written by Marvin G. Weinbaum and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-04 with Political Science categories.
The massive U.S. economic aid program for Egypt initiated in 1975 resulted in a bilateral aid relationship shaped by the interaction of political and development goals. In this study of the program's origins and consequences, Professor Weinbaum describes its scope and identifies the constraints that delayed and limited program implementation. The author discusses the modest U.S. leverage designed to encourage economic reforms and argues that far-reaching reforms could only be attained through a major change in Egypt's political structure. He finds that, despite its failure to make Egypt more economically self-reliant, U.S. assistance has enabled the country to attain a level of consumption and development planning possible with no other alternative. The profit to the United States results from the regime's moderate foreign policies and compatible views on strategic threats to the region. Despite the mutual benefits of this aid program, Professor Weinbaum concludes that the United States must display greater sensitivity to Egypt's political and economic problems if the "special relationship" is to survive through the 1980s.