Steadfastness And The Epistemology Of Disagreement
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Steadfastness And The Epistemology Of Disagreement
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Author : Chad A. Bogosian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Steadfastness And The Epistemology Of Disagreement written by Chad A. Bogosian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Knowledge, Theory of categories.
Suppose that you and an intellectual peer disagree about some proposition P in a field like philosophy, ethics, science, religion, politics, etc. As intellectual peers, they are roughly of equal intelligence and equally virtuous with respect to evaluating the evidence E in support of P. What is the epistemic significance of you and an intellectual 'peer' disagreeing about whether some body of evidence E supports a given proposition P? Can two epistemic peers reasonably disagree? In Chapter 1, I consider the Equal Weight View according to which rationality requires you to give equal weight to you peer's response to the evidential support for P. When you do, both parties will be required to either suspend judgment about P or radically modify their doxastic stance in the direction of their peer. Since there is only one rational doxastic stance with respect to P, two intellectual peers cannot reasonably disagree. I offer numerous objections to the Equal Weight View. In Chapter 2, I consider the Total Evidence View as articulated by Thomas Kelly. He argues that when an impeccable reasoner disagrees with a consensus of his peers, rationality requires him to reduce his level of confidence in P. I argue that consensus is not sufficient to warrant a reduction in confidence. In Chapter 3, I consider a third type of view I call "Steadfastness" according to which it is reasonable for an agent to stand firm in his response to E's support of P. Here we discover that there are a variety of token-instances of steadfastness. In Chapter 4, I extend my account by arguing that Steadfastness is a cognitive virtue that helps an agent stand her ground with respect to P while she integrates her newly acquired evidence. My view is unique in its emphasis on diachronic features of epistemic rationality as opposed to synchronic ones. Two upshots are that we can have reasonable disagreements and maintain our beliefs in a number of areas of intractable disagreement.
The Epistemic Significance Of Disagreement
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Author : J. Matheson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-10
The Epistemic Significance Of Disagreement written by J. Matheson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-10 with Philosophy categories.
Discovering someone disagrees with you is a common occurrence. The question of epistemic significance of disagreement concerns how discovering that another disagrees with you affects the rationality of your beliefs on that topic. This book examines the answers that have been proposed to this question, and presents and defends its own answer.
The Epistemic Benefits Of Disagreement
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Author : Kirk Lougheed
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-20
The Epistemic Benefits Of Disagreement written by Kirk Lougheed and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-20 with Philosophy categories.
This book presents an original discussion and analysis of epistemic peer disagreement. It reviews a wide range of cases from the literature, and extends the definition of epistemic peerhood with respect to the current one, to account for the actual variability found in real-world examples. The book offers a number of arguments supporting the variability in the nature and in the range of disagreements, and outlines the main benefits of disagreement among peers i.e. what the author calls the benefits to inquiry argument.
The Epistemology Of Religious Disagreement
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Author : J. Kraft
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-05-21
The Epistemology Of Religious Disagreement written by J. Kraft and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-21 with Philosophy categories.
Many assume falsely that religious disagreements engage rules of evidence presentation and belief justification radically different than the ordinary disagreements people have every day, whether those religious disagreements are in Sri Lanka between Hindus and Buddhists or in the Middle East among Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
The Epistemology Of Disagreement
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Author : David Christensen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-04-25
The Epistemology Of Disagreement written by David Christensen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-25 with Philosophy categories.
This is a collective study of the epistemic significance of disagreement: 12 contributors explore rival responses to the problems that it raises for philosophy. They develop our understanding of epistemic phenomena that are central to any thoughtful engagement with others' beliefs.
Religious Disagreement And Pluralism
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Author : Matthew A. Benton
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-11-25
Religious Disagreement And Pluralism written by Matthew A. Benton and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-25 with Religion categories.
Epistemological questions about the significance of disagreement have advanced alongside broader developments in social epistemology concerning testimony, the nature of expertise and epistemic authority, the role of institutions, group belief, and epistemic injustice, among others. During this period, related issues in the epistemology of religion have re-emerged as worthy of new consideration, and available to be situated with new conceptual tools. Does disagreement between, and within, religions challenge the rationality of religious commitment? How should religious adherents think about exclusivist, inclusivist, and pluralist frameworks as applied to religious truth, or to matters of salvation or redemption or liberation? This volume explores many of these issues at the intersection of the epistemology of disagreement and religious epistemology. It engages in careful reflection on religious diversity and disagreement, offering ways to balance epistemic humility with personal conviction. Recognizing the place of religious differences in our social lives, it provides renewed efforts at how best to think about truths concerning religion.
Disagreement
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Author : Bryan Frances
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-08-25
Disagreement written by Bryan Frances and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-25 with Philosophy categories.
Regardless of who you are or how you live your life, you disagree with millions of people on an enormous number of topics from politics, religion and morality to sport, culture and art. Unless you are delusional, you are aware that a great many of the people who disagree with you are just as smart and thoughtful as you are - in fact, you know that often they are smarter and more informed. But believing someone to be cleverer or more knowledgeable about a particular topic usually won’t change your mind. Should it? This book is devoted to exploring this quandary - what should we do when we encounter disagreement, particularly when we believe someone is more of an authority on a subject than we are? The question is of enormous importance, both in the public arena and in our personal lives. Disagreement over marriages, beliefs, friendships and more causes immense personal strife. People with political power disagree about how to spend enormous amounts of money, about what laws to pass, or about wars to fight. If only we were better able to resolve our disagreements, we would probably save millions of lives and prevent millions of others from living in poverty. The first full-length text-book on this philosophical topic, Disagreement provides students with the tools they need to understand the burgeoning academic literature and its (often conflicting) perspectives. Including case studies, sample questions and chapter summaries, this engaging and accessible book is the perfect starting point for students and anyone interested in thinking about the possibilities and problems of this fundamental philosophical debate.
The Epistemology Of Group Disagreement
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Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-11-23
The Epistemology Of Group Disagreement written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-23 with Education categories.
This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement have mainly been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The chapters in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology; disagreement; and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.
Disagreement Deference And Religious Commitment
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Author : John Pittard
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-01
Disagreement Deference And Religious Commitment written by John Pittard and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-01 with Philosophy categories.
The striking extent of religious disagreement suggests that religious conviction is very often the result of processes that do not reliably produce true beliefs. For this reason, many have argued that the only rational response to religious disagreement is to adopt a religious skepticism that eschews confident religious belief. Disagreement, Deference, and Religious Commitment contests this skeptical conclusion, explaining how it could be rational to maintain confident belief even in the face of the epistemic worries posed by disagreement. John Pittard argues against the commitment to rigorous epistemic impartiality that underlies the case for disagreement-motivated religious skepticism, while also critiquing approaches to disagreement that allow for the unproblematic privileging of one's first-person perspective. He emphasizes the importance of having rational insight into reasons that favor one's outlook; however, he challenges narrowly intellectualist accounts of insight, arguing that many of the rational insights crucial to assessing religious outlooks are not achievable through analytical reasoning, but only through relevant emotional experiences. In the second part of the book, Pittard considers the implications that accepting the impartiality requirement favored by "disagreement skeptics" has for religious commitment. He challenges the common assumption that a commitment to rigorous epistemic impartiality would rule out confident religious belief. He further argues, however, that such an impartiality commitment would likely make it irrational to pursue one's favored form of religious life and might prevent one from rationally engaging in any religious or irreligious way of life whatsoever. This troubling conclusion gives reason to hope that the arguments against impartiality are correct and that one can justify conviction despite widespread disagreement.
Disagreement
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Author : Richard Feldman
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-08-19
Disagreement written by Richard Feldman and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-19 with Philosophy categories.
Disagreement is common: even informed, intelligent, and generally reasonable people often come to different conclusions when confronted with what seems to be the same evidence. Can the competing conclusions be reasonable? If not, what can we reasonably think about the situation? This is the first book on the epistemology of disagreement.