Stochastic Processes In Genetics And Evolution
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Stochastic Processes In Genetics And Evolution
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Author : Charles J. Mode
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2012
Stochastic Processes In Genetics And Evolution written by Charles J. Mode and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Mathematics categories.
The scope of this book is the field of evolutionary genetics. The book contains new methods for simulating evolution at the genomic level. It sets out applications using up to date Monte Carlo simulation methods applied in classical population genetics, and sets out new fields of quantifying mutation and selection at the Mendelian level. A serious limitation of Wright-Fisher process, the assumption that population size is constant, motivated the introduction of self regulating branching processes in this book. While providing a short review of the principles of probability and its application and using computer intensive methods whilst applying these principles, this book explains how it is possible to derive new formulas expressed in terms of matrix algebra providing new insights into the classical Wright-Fisher processes of evolutionary genetics. Also covered are the development of new methods for studying genetics and evolution, simulating nucleotide substitutions of a DNA molecule and on self regulating branching processes. Components of natural selection are studied in terms of reproductive success of each genotype whilst also studying the differential ability of genotypes to compete for resources and sexual selection. The concept of the gene is also reviewed in this book, and it provides a current definition of a gene based on very recent experiments with micro-array technologies. A development of stochastic models for simulating the evolution of model genomes concludes the studies in this book. Deserving of a place on the book shelves of workers in biomathematics, applied probability, stochastic processes and statistics, as well as in bioinformatics and phylogenetics, it will also be relevant to those interested in computer simulation, and evolutionary biologists interested in quantitative methods.
Stochastic Processes In Genetics And Evolution
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Author : Charles J. Mode
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2012
Stochastic Processes In Genetics And Evolution written by Charles J. Mode and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Mathematics categories.
Prologue; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1. An Introduction to Mathematical Probability with Applications in Mendelian Genetics; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Mathematical Probability in Mendelian Genetics; 1.3 Examples of Finite Probability Spaces; Example 1.3.1: An Equal Frequency Model; Example 1.3.2: Partitions of an Abstract Set; Example 1.3.3: A Deterministic Case; Example 1.3.4: Inheritance of Eye Color and Sex; 1.4 Elementary Combinatorial Analysis; 1.5 The Binomial Distribution; Example 1.5.1: Distribution of Boys and Girls in Families of Size N.
Population Genetics Molecular Evolution And The Neutral Theory
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Author : Motoo Kimura
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1994
Population Genetics Molecular Evolution And The Neutral Theory written by Motoo Kimura and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Science categories.
One of this century's leading evolutionary biologists, Motoo Kimura revolutionized the field with his random drift theory of molecular evolution—the neutral theory—and his groundbreaking theoretical work in population genetics. This volume collects 57 of Kimura's most important papers and covers forty years of his diverse and original contributions to our understanding of how genetic variation affects evolutionary change. Kimura's neutral theory, first presented in 1968, challenged the notion that natural selection was the sole directive force in evolution. Arguing that mutations and random drift account for variations at the level of DNA and amino acids, Kimura advanced a theory of evolutionary change that was strongly challenged at first and that eventually earned the respect and interest of evolutionary biologists throughout the world. This volume includes the seminal papers on the neutral theory, as well as many others that cover such topics as population structure, variable selection intensity, the genetics of quantitative characters, inbreeding systems, and reversibility of changes by random drift. Background essays by Naoyuki Takahata examine Kimura's work in relation to its effects and recent developments in each area.
Classical And Spatial Stochastic Processes
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Author : Rinaldo B. Schinazi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Classical And Spatial Stochastic Processes written by Rinaldo B. Schinazi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
This book is intended as a text for a first course in stochastic processes at the upper undergraduate or graduate levels, assuming only that the reader has had a serious calculus course-advanced calculus would even be better-as well as a first course in probability (without measure theory). In guiding the student from the simplest classical models to some of the spatial models, currently the object of considerable research, the text is aimed at a broad audience of students in biology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The first two chapters deal with discrete Markov chains-recurrence and tran sience, random walks, birth and death chains, ruin problem and branching pro cesses-and their stationary distributions. These classical topics are treated with a modem twist: in particular, the coupling technique is introduced in the first chap ter and is used throughout. The third chapter deals with continuous time Markov chains-Poisson process, queues, birth and death chains, stationary distributions. The second half of the book treats spatial processes. This is the main difference between this work and the many others on stochastic processes. Spatial stochas tic processes are (rightly) known as being difficult to analyze. The few existing books on the subject are technically challenging and intended for a mathemat ically sophisticated reader. We picked several interesting models-percolation, cellular automata, branching random walks, contact process on a tree-and con centrated on those properties that can be analyzed using elementary methods.
A Biologist S Guide To Mathematical Modeling In Ecology And Evolution
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Author : Sarah P. Otto
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-19
A Biologist S Guide To Mathematical Modeling In Ecology And Evolution written by Sarah P. Otto and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-19 with Science categories.
Thirty years ago, biologists could get by with a rudimentary grasp of mathematics and modeling. Not so today. In seeking to answer fundamental questions about how biological systems function and change over time, the modern biologist is as likely to rely on sophisticated mathematical and computer-based models as traditional fieldwork. In this book, Sarah Otto and Troy Day provide biology students with the tools necessary to both interpret models and to build their own. The book starts at an elementary level of mathematical modeling, assuming that the reader has had high school mathematics and first-year calculus. Otto and Day then gradually build in depth and complexity, from classic models in ecology and evolution to more intricate class-structured and probabilistic models. The authors provide primers with instructive exercises to introduce readers to the more advanced subjects of linear algebra and probability theory. Through examples, they describe how models have been used to understand such topics as the spread of HIV, chaos, the age structure of a country, speciation, and extinction. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists today need enough mathematical training to be able to assess the power and limits of biological models and to develop theories and models themselves. This innovative book will be an indispensable guide to the world of mathematical models for the next generation of biologists. A how-to guide for developing new mathematical models in biology Provides step-by-step recipes for constructing and analyzing models Interesting biological applications Explores classical models in ecology and evolution Questions at the end of every chapter Primers cover important mathematical topics Exercises with answers Appendixes summarize useful rules Labs and advanced material available
Theoretical Aspects Of Population Genetics
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Author : Motoo Kimura
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1971-10-21
Theoretical Aspects Of Population Genetics written by Motoo Kimura and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971-10-21 with Science categories.
To show the importance of stochastic processes in the change of gene frequencies, the authors discuss topics ranging from molecular evolution to two-locus problems in terms of diffusion models. Throughout their discussion, they come to grips with one of the most challenging problems in population genetics--the ways in which genetic variability is maintained in Mendelian populations. R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright, in pioneering works, confirmed the usefulness of mathematical theory in population genetics. The synthesis their work achieved is recognized today as mathematical genetics, that branch of genetics whose aim is to investigate the laws governing the genetic structure of natural populations and, consequently, to clarify the mechanisms of evolution. For the benefit of population geneticists without advanced mathematical training, Professors Kimura and Ohta use verbal description rather than mathematical symbolism wherever practicable. A mathematical appendix is included.
Probabilistic Models Of Population Evolution
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Author : Étienne Pardoux
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-17
Probabilistic Models Of Population Evolution written by Étienne Pardoux and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-17 with Mathematics categories.
This expository book presents the mathematical description of evolutionary models of populations subject to interactions (e.g. competition) within the population. The author includes both models of finite populations, and limiting models as the size of the population tends to infinity. The size of the population is described as a random function of time and of the initial population (the ancestors at time 0). The genealogical tree of such a population is given. Most models imply that the population is bound to go extinct in finite time. It is explained when the interaction is strong enough so that the extinction time remains finite, when the ancestral population at time 0 goes to infinity. The material could be used for teaching stochastic processes, together with their applications. Étienne Pardoux is Professor at Aix-Marseille University, working in the field of Stochastic Analysis, stochastic partial differential equations, and probabilistic models in evolutionary biology and population genetics. He obtained his PhD in 1975 at University of Paris-Sud.
Mathematical And Statistical Methods For Genetic Analysis
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Author : Kenneth Lange
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mathematical And Statistical Methods For Genetic Analysis written by Kenneth Lange and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
During the past decade, geneticists have cloned scores of Mendelian disease genes and constructed a rough draft of the entire human genome. The unprecedented insights into human disease and evolution offered by mapping, cloning, and sequencing will transform medicine and agriculture. This revolution depends vitally on the contributions of applied mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Genetic Analysis is written to equip students in the mathematical sciences to understand and model the epidemiological and experimental data encountered in genetics research. Mathematical, statistical, and computational principles relevant to this task are developed hand in hand with applications to population genetics, gene mapping, risk prediction, testing of epidemiological hypotheses, molecular evolution, and DNA sequence analysis. Many specialized topics are covered that are currently accessible only in journal articles. This second edition expands the original edition by over 100 pages and includes new material on DNA sequence analysis, diffusion processes, binding domain identification, Bayesian estimation of haplotype frequencies, case-control association studies, the gamete competition model, QTL mapping and factor analysis, the Lander-Green-Kruglyak algorithm of pedigree analysis, and codon and rate variation models in molecular phylogeny. Sprinkled throughout the chapters are many new problems.
Theoretical Population Genetics
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Author : J.S. Gale
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Theoretical Population Genetics written by J.S. Gale and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The rise of the neutral theory of molecular evolution seems to have aroused a renewed interest in mathematical population genetics among biologists, who are primarily experimenters rather than theoreticians. This has encouraged me to set out the mathematics of the evolutionary process in a manner that, I hope, will be comprehensible to those with only a basic knowledge of calculus and matrix algebra. I must acknowledge from the start my great debt to my students. Equipped initially with rather limited mathematics, they have pursued the subject with much enthusiasm and success. This has enabled me to try a number of different approaches over the years. I was particularly grateful to Dr L. J. Eaves and Professor W. E. Nance for the opportunity to give a one-semester course at the Medical College of Virginia, and I would like to thank them, their colleagues and their students for the many kindnesses shown to me during my visit. I have concentrated almost entirely on stochastic topics, since these cause the greatest problems for non-mathematicians. The latter are particularly concerned with the range of validity of formulae. A sense of confidence in applying these formulae is, almost certainly, best gained by following their derivation. I have set out proofs in fair detail, since, in my experience, minor points of algebraic manipulation occasionally cause problems. To avoid loss of continuity, I have sometimes put material in notes at the end of chapters.
Evolution Algebras And Their Applications
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Author : Jianjun Paul Tian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008
Evolution Algebras And Their Applications written by Jianjun Paul Tian and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Mathematics categories.
Behind genetics and Markov chains, there is an intrinsic algebraic structure. It is defined as a type of new algebra: as evolution algebra. This concept lies between algebras and dynamical systems. Algebraically, evolution algebras are non-associative Banach algebras; dynamically, they represent discrete dynamical systems. Evolution algebras have many connections with other mathematical fields including graph theory, group theory, stochastic processes, dynamical systems, knot theory, 3-manifolds, and the study of the Ihara-Selberg zeta function. In this volume the foundation of evolution algebra theory and applications in non-Mendelian genetics and Markov chains is developed, with pointers to some further research topics.