Structural And Functional Changes Of Insect Eyes In Cases Of Miniaturization
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Structural And Functional Changes Of Insect Eyes In Cases Of Miniaturization
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Author : Stefan Fischer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Structural And Functional Changes Of Insect Eyes In Cases Of Miniaturization written by Stefan Fischer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
In spite of the numerous studies on insect compound eyes within the last 100 years, astonishingly the number of investigations specifically dealing with the eyes of species of small body size is near to negligible. Moreover, conclusions by Warrant and McIntyre (1993) and Meyer-Rochow and Gál (2004), based on theoretical optical examinations, suggested that an unlimited eye size reduction was not possible; a suggestion that begged the question as to how the tiniest insects might deal with these restrictions. To demonstrate that optical and structural modifications are widespread, a detailed study of eye miniaturizations involving tiny lepidopteran and hymenopteran species and a quest to determine limiting factors seemed timely and interesting. The main goals of the present work were therefore A) to test through the description of ultrastructural and functional design features of compound eyes of different species of tiny lepidopterans, the prediction of Meyer-Rochow and Gál (2004) that the possession of a superposition type of eye was of no benefit to small eyes B) to describe possible adaptations occurring in these eye of reduced size and C) to carve out through a comparative analysis of eyes of different size, the impacting factors that set the limits for the miniaturization of compound eyes generally. The present work revealed that the conclusions reached by Meyer-Rochow and Gál (2004) based on their theoretical approach holds true and adaptations in small eyes are manifest in form of an intermediate eye type, combining features of apposition and superposition optics. The intermediate eye type is described and discussed in detail as well as the functional consequences resulting from it. Furthermore, adaptations recognizable in the investigated eyes as a consequence of miniaturization are discussed on a functional basis, as is the aspect of limiting factors operating on the smallest possible optics generally.
Insect Mouthparts
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Author : Harald W. Krenn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-09
Insect Mouthparts written by Harald W. Krenn and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-09 with Science categories.
This is the first comprehensive book focusing on the form and function of insect mouthparts. Written by leading experts, it reviews the current knowledge on feeding types and the evolution of mouthparts and presents new research approaches. The richly illustrated articles cover topics ranging from functional morphology, biomechanics of biting and chewing, and the biophysics of fluid-feeding to the morphogenesis and genetics of mouthpart development, ecomorphology in flower-visiting insects as well as the evolution of mouthparts, including fossil records. Intended for entomologists and scientists interested in interdisciplinary approaches, the book provides a solid basis for future scientific work. Chapter 6 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Insect Morphology And Phylogeny
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Author : Rolf G. Beutel
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-12-12
Insect Morphology And Phylogeny written by Rolf G. Beutel and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-12 with Science categories.
In the last decades a remarkable renaissance has materialized in insect morphology, mainly triggered by the development of new cutting-edge technologies. This is an exciting time for biological synthesis where the mysteries and data derived from genomes can be combined with centuries of data from morphology and development. And, now, more than ever, detailed knowledge of morphology is essential to understanding the evolution of all groups of organisms. In this “age of phylogenomics” researchers rely on morphological data to support molecular findings, test complex evolutionary scenarios, and for placing fossil taxa. This textbook provides an in-depth treatment of the structures and the phylogeny of the megadiverse Hexapoda. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of general insect morphology with detailed drawings, scanning electron micrographs, and 3-D reconstructions. Also included is a chapter covering innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling), brief treatments of insect development and phylogenetic methods, and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part is of a modern synthesis of insect systematics that includes taxon-specific morphological information for all Orders. The work is an invaluable reference for students and researchers working in all facets of biology and is a must for evolutionary biologists. A detailed understanding of morphology is essential in unraveling phylogenetic relationships and developing complex evolutionary scenarios. Increasingly researchers in phylogenomics are re/turning to morphological data to support their findings, while the development of new cutting-edge technologies has further increased interest in this growing field. This definitive handbook provides an in-depth treatment of insect morphology. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of insect morphology with detailed drawings, brilliant scanning electron micrographs and 3-D reconstructions as interactive PDFs. This is complemented by a chapter on innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling) and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part treats the state of the art in insect systematics and includes taxon-specific morphological information for all orders. Systematics are treated formally, with for example the arguments for relationships (“apomorphies”) always listed explicitly. The work is a useful reference for students and researchers working in different fields of biology and a must for those dealing with insects from an evolutionary perspective.
Scaling
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Author : Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1984-07-27
Scaling written by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-07-27 with Medical categories.
This book is about the importance of animal size. We tend to think of animal function in chemical terms and talk of water, salts, proteins, enzymes, oxygen, energy, and so on. We should not forget, however, that physical laws are equally important, for they determine rates of diffusion and heat transfer, transfer of force and momentum, the strength of structures, the dynamics of locomotion, and other aspects of the functioning of animal bodies. Physical laws provide possibilities and opportunities for an organism, yet they also impose constraints, setting limits to what is physically possible. This book aims to give an understanding of these rules because of their profound implications when we deal with animals of widely different size and scale. The reader will find that the book raises many questions. Remarkable and puzzling information makes it read a little like a detective story, but the last chapter, instead of giving the final solution, neither answers all questions nor provides one great unifying principle.
At The Size Limit Effects Of Miniaturization In Insects
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Author : Alexey A. Polilov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-20
At The Size Limit Effects Of Miniaturization In Insects written by Alexey A. Polilov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-20 with Science categories.
This book addresses microinsects, their structure and their differences from larger relatives. Moreover, it discusses structural changes that accompany extreme diminution in living organisms, evolutionary inventions that help insects to live in the microworld, and factors that limit the size of animals. It also takes a careful look at the potential benefits of the study of microinsects for solving biotechnological and fundamental scientific problems. Miniaturization is not only a trend in technology: it is also one of the trends in the evolution of life. Many of the problems modern engineers are still struggling with were solved by nature millions of years ago. The world of microscopic organisms, invisible to the naked eye, is all around us. Microinsects — the extremely diverse range of miniature insects less than a millimeter long — are one of the most intriguing components of this microworld. Having evolved to the size of unicellular organisms, the smallest insects managed not only to preserve their structural complexity, but also to evolve some novel features not found in larger insects.
Fundamentals Of Stored Product Entomology
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Author : David Hagstrum
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-06-08
Fundamentals Of Stored Product Entomology written by David Hagstrum and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This reference discusses the fundamentals of stored-product entomology that need to be considered in planning, implementation, and evaluation of a pest management program. It is based on the review of an extensive database of references and many years of research on stored-product insect problems by the expert authors. The information in this book helps answer consumers’ concern about pesticide residues in food by providing helpful IPM and alternative approaches for pest management. It provides the basic information needed to manage pests with and without the use of chemicals. Managing pests requires a thorough understanding of insect biology, behavior, ecology, sampling, pros and cons of management options, and responses of insects to the various management options. This comprehensive book covers all of these topics, beginning with a discussion of the scope of stored-product entomology. It also provides insight into the diversity of foods and habitats utilized by stored-product insects, the types of economic losses attributable to them, and the ways in which an understanding of their biology can be used to study or manage these insects. Insect mobility, sources of insect infestation, sampling, life history, and population growth are discussed as well, as they play an important role in developing an effective sampling program. In addition, decision aids, the cost of management methods, and the resistance of insects to management methods are covered. For insight into the thought process of choosing treatment options, eight pest management methods are thoroughly described, including a statement of the basic operating principle and background information. For help choosing various chemical and nonchemical methods for diverse situations, the advantages, disadvantages and implementation options for each method are given. Students, extension educators, consultants, food industry sanitarians and managers, legislators, regulators, and insect pest management professionals are sure to find information that will help them to improve pest management. Study questions at the end of each chapter Suggested supplemental reading, including books, conference proceeding papers, literature reviews, research papers, government publications, and popular articles General overview of the biology for a basic understanding of pest control issues Guides the reader through the thought process of designing a pest control program or research study Images of the most damaging of stored-product insect pest species for identification of families Quick methods for distinguishing closely related stored-product insect species
Invertebrate Neurobiology
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Author : Geoffrey North
language : en
Publisher: CSHL Press
Release Date : 2007
Invertebrate Neurobiology written by Geoffrey North and has been published by CSHL Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Science categories.
Emphasises on evolutionary aspects of neurobiology in model and non-model invertebrates. This work includes chapters on eye evolution, higher cognitive functions in insects, circadian rhythms and sleep, and more. Its covers techniques that allow manipulation of activity in specified neurons and investigation of behavior.
Arthropod Biology And Evolution
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Author : Alessandro Minelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-11
Arthropod Biology And Evolution written by Alessandro Minelli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-11 with Science categories.
More than two thirds of all living organisms described to date belong to the phylum Arthropoda. But their diversity, as measured in terms of species number, is also accompanied by an amazing disparity in terms of body form, developmental processes, and adaptations to every inhabitable place on Earth, from the deepest marine abysses to the earth surface and the air. The Arthropoda also include one of the most fashionable and extensively studied of all model organisms, the fruit-fly, whose name is not only linked forever to Mendelian and population genetics, but has more recently come back to centre stage as one of the most important and more extensively investigated models in developmental genetics. This approach has completely changed our appreciation of some of the most characteristic traits of arthropods as are the origin and evolution of segments, their regional and individual specialization, and the origin and evolution of the appendages. At approximately the same time as developmental genetics was eventually turning into the major agent in the birth of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), molecular phylogenetics was challenging the traditional views on arthropod phylogeny, including the relationships among the four major groups: insects, crustaceans, myriapods, and chelicerates. In the meantime, palaeontology was revealing an amazing number of extinct forms that on the one side have contributed to a radical revisitation of arthropod phylogeny, but on the other have provided evidence of a previously unexpected disparity of arthropod and arthropod-like forms that often challenge a clear-cut delimitation of the phylum.
Insect Development And Evolution
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Author : Bruce S. Heming
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2018-10-18
Insect Development And Evolution written by Bruce S. Heming and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-18 with Science categories.
Life scientists are increasingly drawn to the study of comparative evolutionary biology. Insect Development and Evolution is the first synthesis of knowledge of insect development within an evolutionary framework and the first to survey the genetic, molecular, and whole organism literature. Bruce S. Heming provides a detailed introduction to the embryonic and postembryonic development of insects. Topics include:* reproductive systems,* male and female gametogenesis,* sperm transfer and use,* fertilization,* sex determination,* parthenogenesis,* embryogenesis,* postembryogenesis,* hormones,* and the role of ontogeny in insect evolution.Summaries for each of these topics cover structural events; comparative aspects (inserted on a phylogeny of the insect orders); and hormonal, genetic, and molecular causal analyses.Insect Development and Evolution treats examples throughout the hexapods with frequent reference to the evolution and development of other invertebrates. It also compares insects to vertebrates and places insect development into context with fossil evidence and earth history. Heming's book will become an essential tool for students and teachers of entomology. It will also interest insect systematists and paleontologists, insect behavioral ecologists, insect pathologists, applied entomologists, developmental and invertebrate biologists, and all scientists who use Drosophila as a model organism.
Insect Ecology
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Author : Timothy D. Schowalter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-02-27
Insect Ecology written by Timothy D. Schowalter and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-27 with Science categories.
Dr. Timothy Schowalter has succeeded in creating a unique, updated treatment of insect ecology. This revised and expanded text looks at how insects adapt to environmental conditions while maintaining the ability to substantially alter their environment. It covers a range of topics- from individual insects that respond to local changes in the environment and affect resource distribution, to entire insect communities that have the capacity to modify ecosystem conditions.Insect Ecology, Second Edition, synthesizes the latest research in the field and has been produced in full color throughout. It is ideal for students in both entomology and ecology-focused programs. NEW TO THIS EDITION:* New topics such as elemental defense by plants, chaotic models, molecular methods to measure disperson, food web relationships, and more* Expanded sections on plant defenses, insect learning, evolutionary tradeoffs, conservation biology and more* Includes more than 350 new references* More than 40 new full-color figures
