Structural Research Strukturforschung
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Structural Research Strukturforschung
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Author : Andre Guinier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-09-01
Structural Research Strukturforschung written by Andre Guinier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-01 with categories.
Structural Research Strukturforschung
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Author : Dr. André Guinier
language : de
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Structural Research Strukturforschung written by Dr. André Guinier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.
Structural Research Strukturforschung
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Author : Dr. André Guinier
language : de
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1957-01-03
Structural Research Strukturforschung written by Dr. André Guinier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957-01-03 with Science categories.
107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.
Advances In Structure Research By Diffraction Methods
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Author : W. Hoppe
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Advances In Structure Research By Diffraction Methods written by W. Hoppe and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods: Volume 5 presents discussions on application of diffraction methods in structure research. The book provides the aspects of structure research using various diffraction methods. The text contains 2 chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the general theory and experimental methods used in the study of all types of amorphous solid, by both X-ray and neutron diffraction, and the detailed bibliography of work on inorganic glasses. The second chapter discusses electron diffraction, one of the major methods of determining the structures of molecules in the gas phase. Chemists and molecular physicists will find the book a great source of information.
Advances In Structure Research By Diffraction Methods
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Author : R. Brill
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Advances In Structure Research By Diffraction Methods written by R. Brill and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods reviews advances in the use of diffraction methods in structure research. Topics covered include the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, with emphasis on Ewald waves in theory and experiment; dynamical theory of electron diffraction; small angle scattering; and molecular packing. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, especially in terms of how it explains all the absorption and propagation properties of X-rays at the Bragg setting in a perfect crystal. The next chapter describes the dynamical theory of electron diffraction, paying particular attention to unconventional structure analysis in connection with the problems of absorption. The most important features of the background of small angle analysis are then examined, and some examples showing the direct analysis of small angle scattering (sometimes in combination with wide angle scattering) are provided. The last chapter deals with crystals built from molecules and their peculiar geometrical features. The principle of close packing of molecules in an organic crystal is also described, along with lattice dynamics, hydrogen bonds in crystals, and the rotational crystalline state. This monograph will be a useful resource for practitioners and researchers in physics and crystallography.
Handbuch Der Physik Encyclopedia Of Physics
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Author :
language : de
Publisher: Springer Verlag
Release Date : 1957-01
Handbuch Der Physik Encyclopedia Of Physics written by and has been published by Springer Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957-01 with Science categories.
Visuality And Virtuality
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Author : Whitney Davis
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-14
Visuality And Virtuality written by Whitney Davis and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-14 with Art categories.
A provocative and challenging new conceptual framework for the study of images This book builds on the groundbreaking theoretical framework established in Whitney Davis’s acclaimed previous book, A General Theory of Visual Culture, in which he shows how certain culturally constituted aspects of artifacts and pictures are visible to informed viewers. Here, Davis uses revealing archaeological and historical case studies to further develop his theory, presenting an exacting new account of the interaction that occurs when a viewer looks at a picture. Davis argues that pictoriality—the depiction intended by its maker to be seen—emerges at a particular standpoint in space and time. Reconstruction of this standpoint is the first step of the art historian’s craft. Because standpoints are inherently mutable and mobile, pictoriality constantly shifts in form and possible meaning. To capture this complexity, Davis develops new concepts of radical pictorial ambiguity, including “bivisibility” (the fact that pictures can always be seen in ways other than intended), pictorial naturalism, and the behavior of pictures under changing angles of view. He then applies these concepts to four cases—Paleolithic cave painting; ancient Egyptian tomb decoration; classical Greek architectural sculpture, with a focus on the Parthenon frieze; and Renaissance perspective as invented by Brunelleschi. A profound new theory of the work of both makers and viewers by one of the discipline’s most esteemed and engaged thinkers, Visuality and Virtuality is essential reading for art historians, architects, archaeologists, and philosophers of art and visual theory.
Regional Research Frontiers Vol 2
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Author : Randall Jackson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-17
Regional Research Frontiers Vol 2 written by Randall Jackson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the second volume in a two-part series on frontiers in regional research. It identifies methodological advances as well as trends and future developments in regional systems modelling and open science. Building on recent methodological and modelling advances, as well as on extensive policy-analysis experience, top international regional scientists identify and evaluate emerging new conceptual and methodological trends and directions in regional research. Topics such as dynamic interindustry modelling, computable general equilibrium models, exploratory spatial data analysis, geographic information science, spatial econometrics and other advanced methods are the central focus of this book. The volume provides insights into the latest developments in object orientation, open source, and workflow systems, all in support of open science. It will appeal to a wide readership, from regional scientists and economists to geographers, quantitatively oriented regional planners and other related disciplines. It offers a source of relevant information for academic researchers and policy analysts in government, and is also suitable for advanced teaching courses on regional and spatial science, economics and political science.
Science Of Religion Studies In Methodology
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Author : Lauri Honko
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-12-07
Science Of Religion Studies In Methodology written by Lauri Honko and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-07 with Religion categories.
Sinceits founding by Jacques Waardenburg in 1971, Religion and Reason has been a leading forum for contributions on theories, theoretical issues and agendas related to the phenomenon and the study of religion. Topics include (among others) category formation, comparison, ethnophilosophy, hermeneutics, methodology, myth, phenomenology, philosophy of science, scientific atheism, structuralism, and theories of religion. From time to time the series publishes volumes that map the state of the art and the history of the discipline.
A General Theory Of Visual Culture
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Author : Whitney Davis
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-14
A General Theory Of Visual Culture written by Whitney Davis and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-14 with Art categories.
What is cultural about vision--or visual about culture? In this ambitious book, Whitney Davis provides new answers to these difficult and important questions by presenting an original framework for understanding visual culture. Grounded in the theoretical traditions of art history, A General Theory of Visual Culture argues that, in a fully consolidated visual culture, artifacts and pictures have been made to be seen in a certain way; what Davis calls "visuality" is the visual perspective from which certain culturally constituted aspects of artifacts and pictures are visible to informed viewers. In this book, Davis provides a systematic analysis of visuality and describes how it comes into being as a historical form of vision. Expansive in scope, A General Theory of Visual Culture draws on art history, aesthetics, the psychology of perception, the philosophy of reference, and vision science, as well as visual-cultural studies in history, sociology, and anthropology. It provides penetrating new definitions of form, style, and iconography, and draws important and sometimes surprising conclusions (for example, that vision does not always attain to visual culture, and that visual culture is not always wholly visible). The book uses examples from a variety of cultural traditions, from prehistory to the twentieth century, to support a theory designed to apply to all human traditions of making artifacts and pictures--that is, to visual culture as a worldwide phenomenon.