Structural Transformation From A Microeconomic View
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Structural Transformation From A Microeconomic View
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Author : Mayuko Kondo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Structural Transformation From A Microeconomic View written by Mayuko Kondo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Structural transformation and corresponding labor productivity growth are fundamentals of economic development. This dissertation, titled Structural Transformation from A Microeconomic View, explores the path of the structural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the last 20 years in SSA, structural transformation was not always accompanied by overall labor productivity growth. The first essay of this dissertation, titled Education, Profitability, and Household Labor Allocation in Rural Uganda, explores the microeconomic factors that explain non-growing-productivity structural change with a focus on the role of education. I jointly estimate household hourly profit (wage) and labor supply functions. The estimation result is supportive of the hypothesis that the level of education, profitability of an activity, and time allocation to that activity can be not positively correlated while education positively increases total household profit from the activity. To trigger structural transformation, the governments of SSA and donors have allocated a vast amount of resources into agricultural programs for over 20 years. Aggregate agriculture productivity, however, has shown little growth in the last 20 years. Yet the share of employment in agriculture has constantly decreased since 2000. Whether agriculture productivity growth advances the labor shift from the agriculture sector to the non-agriculture sector is still an open question and of great interest for efficient investment in agriculture development and the economic growth of the countries. The second essay, titled Land and Labor Bias of Farm Technology and the Household's Labor Allocation Decisions, explores the effect of land- and labor-augmenting farm technologies on the household's labor decisions. I provide a theoretical model to describe the household responses to land- and labor-augmenting farm technical change. I classify agricultural households into six regimes based on the participation in on- and off-farm labor markets and the constraint of off-farm work opportunities. I derive propositions to examine the behaviors of the households in each regime. In the empirical part of the study, I apply the model to microeconomic data from Tanzania to test the propositions. The estimation results show that for Tanzanian maize farmers, the adoption of land-augmenting technology, that is organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, or irrigation, increases on-farm labor and decreases off-farm labor while the adoption of labor-augmenting technology, including sprayers, pesticides, herbicides, animal traction, or tractors, decreases on-farm labor and increases off-farm labor when the elasticity of substitution between labor and land is sufficiently large. Taken together, these essays shed light on important policy implications for the acceleration of structural transformation in SSA. The estimation result from the first essay suggests that the expansion of the industry in which higher levels of education increase profitability of work would pull laborers from farming into nonfarm activities. Relaxing the labor market constraints of individuals, especially from relatively less educated households, would shift hours of labor allocation from less profitable activities towards more profitable activities. Also, raising household incomes or standard of living would increase the preference of individuals for leisure relative to income, and increase the optimal marginal productivity of labor, and consequently the profitability of labor. The second essay provides evidence that depending on the conditions of a country such as the level of elasticity of substitution between land and labor and the constraints around off-farm work opportunities, labor-augmenting agricultural technologies have a good potential for speeding up the structural transformation.
Beyond Macroeconomic Stability
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Author : Iyanatul Islam
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Beyond Macroeconomic Stability written by Iyanatul Islam and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume goes beyond a narrow conceptualization of macroeconomic stability and explores the link between socio-economic policies, structural transformation and inclusive development. It rests on three thematic pillars: the limits of conventional macroeconomics; the long run agenda of structural transformation and the development of capabilities.
The Oxford Handbook Of Structural Transformation
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Author : Célestin Monga
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-02-06
The Oxford Handbook Of Structural Transformation written by Célestin Monga and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation addresses the economics of structural transformation around the world. It deals with major themes, which include history and context, critical issues and concepts, methodological foundations, main theoretical approaches, policy issues, some illuminating country experiences of structural transformation, and important debates on the respective roles of the market and the state in that process. The historical record provides a challenge for economists to understand the success of the rising economic powers (some of them initially considered unlikely candidates for prosperity) and the stagnation or decline of others. Five major questions emerge: · Why has so much divergence occurred among nations of the world since the Industrial Revolution, and particularly during the 20th century? · Why has the pattern changed recently with the emergence of a few developing economies (e.g. the multi-polar world), and can it be sustained? · What are the key drivers, strategies, and policies, to foster structural transformation in various different country contexts and in a constantly evolving global economy? · How could low- and middle-income countries avoid development traps and learn from past experiences whilst exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Fourth Industrial Revolution? · What is the role of various development stakeholders and other important players in facilitating sustained economic convergence among nations? This book addresses these questions, bringing the rigor, usefulness, and multi-disciplinary scope of the Oxford Handbook series to a critical topic in economics. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation is an essential reference work and a stimulus to new research and creativity across all branches of the social sciences.
Varieties Of Structural Transformation
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Author : Kunal Sen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-09-30
Varieties Of Structural Transformation written by Kunal Sen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.
One of the key features of modern economic growth is the process of structural transformation, which is the movement of workers from agriculture to manufacturing and services. This study identifies different routes to structural transformation that we see in the developing world. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
New Economy
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Author : Hans Dietrich von Loeffelholz
language : en
Publisher: Duncker & Humblot
Release Date : 2003-11-07
New Economy written by Hans Dietrich von Loeffelholz and has been published by Duncker & Humblot this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-07 with Business & Economics categories.
For many observers the beginning of a dynamic economic and stock market upswing in the U.S. in the mid 1990s marked the start of a new era, the times of the new economy. This phenomenon has been under intense discussion ever since - both in the political arena as well as among scientists. Thereby the somewhat glamorous term new economy reflects the conviction held by its proponents that the use of new technologies will lead to a never ending acceleration of technological progress and economic welfare.The origins of this development date back a long time: More than 30 years ago, the starting point was the basic innovation "digitilization"". Production as well as application of information and communications technologies (ICT) are based on this principle. At the beginning of the seventies, the first microprocessor was produced. Some ten years later, the first personal computer was brought onto the market. The commercial use of the Internet has begun in the mid nineties. In view of the economic boom in the U.S. accompanying the introduction of the Internet, the question arises as to what extent the new economy actually has exerted lasting positive effects on productivity - not only in the United States, but also worldwide.Inspired by these developments, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology commissioned RWI, Essen, to study the driving forces of the new economy. In this report, the trends of the ICT sector and of the use of ICT products are analyzed with respect to the overall economic effects in Germany in comparison to the U.S. Further analyses were carried out regarding the intensity and effects of e-business. Finally, the influence of different methods of price measurement on productivity was analysed, since this is important for international comparisons of total factor productivity. The study culminates in a growth accounting calculation separating the contributions to economic growth by capital, labor, and technological progress.
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies
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Author : McMillan, Margaret
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2017-05-11
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies written by McMillan, Margaret and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-11 with Political Science categories.
Structural Transformation An Update Of The Traditional View And A Connection To A Modern Paradigm
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Author : Leonardo Garrido
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Structural Transformation An Update Of The Traditional View And A Connection To A Modern Paradigm written by Leonardo Garrido and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
According to the traditional view, the process of development entails changes in economic structure that are associated to factors common to all countries, yielding a certain degree of uniformity in the transition. This view, however, acknowledges the existence of elements of heterogeneity that play a role in the transition, due to differences in country characteristics -such as natural endowments and each country's social objectives- and initial conditions, which can result in variations in development patterns across country typologies. This work provides an update and builds on work by Hollis Chenery and associates on the analysis of development patterns across the World, based on a sample of 155 countries with more than 1 million population (in year 2000) for the period 1980-2012 and covering 21 development process proxies. Outcomes from the empirical work can be used as benchmarks or inputs for modeling exercises involving medium and long-term projections of key macroeconomic variables. The work also attempts to reconcile empirical results from the Traditional View with modern ideas on structural transformation and patterns of development that have emerged in the last decade.
The Great Transformation
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Author : Xiaohe Ma
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2020
The Great Transformation written by Xiaohe Ma and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Business & Economics categories.
In recent years, the "supply-side structural reform" has become a popular term in all regions and fields in China. The supply-side structural reform is the key component of the Chinese government's economic policy framework during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. It is crucial in both theory and practice, to have an accurate understanding of its background, content, essential features, principles, and goals. The theme of the book revolves around the supply-side structural reform and analyses the concept from different perspectives, such as the basic theories and institutional framework, the fiscal taxation system, the financial system reform, and the innovation system. It attempts to address questions such as: how to understand the supply side and the demand side; why the supply-side structural reform is currently proposed; how to implement the reform; what are the changes brought about by the reform; what factors should be taken into consideration in its implementation; what are the policies to be developed in the process, etc.
Innovation Industrial Dynamics And Structural Transformation
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Author : Uwe Cantner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-10-14
Innovation Industrial Dynamics And Structural Transformation written by Uwe Cantner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-14 with Science categories.
This book provides an account of work in the Schumpeterian and evolutionary tradition of industrial dynamics and the evolution of industries. It is shown that over time industries evolve and change their structure. In this dynamic process, change is affected and sometimes constraint by many factors, including knowledge and technologies, the capabilities and incentives of actors, new products and processes, and institutions.
Structural Transformation And The Sophistication Of Production
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Author : Rahul Anand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Structural Transformation And The Sophistication Of Production written by Rahul Anand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
A new dataset on export sophistication reveals that in many countries the importance of modern services, and the sophistication of manufactured and service exports, has increased over time. However, this trend was less pronounced in LICs. Sophisticated sectors are more likely to act as a catalyst for broad-based economic growth, rather than turning into isolated enclaves, when the economy is liberalized, the exchange rate is not overvalued, and there are good information flows. An educated workforce, external liberalization, and good information flows are important prerequisites for developing sophisticated goods and services. An appropriate macroeconomic policy is particularly important for goods, skilled labor and good information flows for services.