Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces I
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Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces I
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Author : J. E. Black
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces I written by J. E. Black and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Surface chemistry categories.
Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces I
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Author : W. Schommers
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces I written by W. Schommers and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
During the last decade, surface research has clearly shifted its interest from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale; a wealth of novel experimental techniques and theoretical methods have been applied and developed successfully. The Topics volume at hand gives an account of this tendency. For the understanding of surface phenomena and their exploitation in tech nical applications, the theoretical and experimental analysis at the microscopic level is of particular interest. In heterogeneous catalysis, for example, a chemical reaction takes place at the interface of two phases, and the process occurring at the surface is composed of a sequence of individual microscopic steps. These individual steps include adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, and reaction on the surface. These elementary steps are greatly influenced by the structure and the dynamics of the surface region. Especially the catalytic activity may strongly depend on the structure of the catalyst's surface. The necessity of per forming surface investigations on a microscopic scale is also reflected clearly in research work relating to metal-semiconductor interfaces which determine es sentially the properties of electronic device materials. The experimental probe on the atomic scale, coupled with parallel theoretical calculations, showed that the electronic properties of a metal-semiconductor interface strongly depend on the crystallographic structure of the semiconductor; in particular, it is im portant to know in this context the modification of the atomic arrangement in the surface region caused by the termination of the crystal by the surface.
The Near Surface Layer Of The Ocean
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Author : Alexander Soloviev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-13
The Near Surface Layer Of The Ocean written by Alexander Soloviev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-13 with Science categories.
Until the 1980s, a tacit agreement among many physical oceanographers was that nothing deserving attention could be found in the upper few meters of the ocean. The lack of adequete knowledge about the near-surface layer of the ocean was mainly due to the fact that the widely used oceanographic instruments (such as bathythermographs, CTDs, current meters, etc.) were practically useless in the upper few meters of the ocean. Interest in the ne- surface layer of the ocean rapidly increased along with the development of remote sensing techniques. The interpretation of ocean surface signals sensed from satellites demanded thorough knowledge of upper ocean processes and their connection to the ocean interior. Despite its accessibility to the investigator, the near-surface layer of the ocean is not a simple subject of experimental study. Random, sometimes huge, vertical motions of the ocean surface due to surface waves are a serious complication for collecting quality data close to the ocean surface. The supposedly minor problem of avoiding disturbances from ships’ wakes has frustrated several generations of oceanographers attempting to take reliable data from the upper few meters of the ocean. Important practical applications nevertheless demanded action, and as a result several pioneering works in the 1970s and 1980s laid the foundation for the new subject of oceanography – the near-surface layer of the ocean.
Chemical Bonding At Surfaces And Interfaces
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Author : Anders Nilsson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-08-11
Chemical Bonding At Surfaces And Interfaces written by Anders Nilsson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-11 with Science categories.
Molecular surface science has made enormous progress in the past 30 years. The development can be characterized by a revolution in fundamental knowledge obtained from simple model systems and by an explosion in the number of experimental techniques. The last 10 years has seen an equally rapid development of quantum mechanical modeling of surface processes using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces focuses on phenomena and concepts rather than on experimental or theoretical techniques. The aim is to provide the common basis for describing the interaction of atoms and molecules with surfaces and this to be used very broadly in science and technology. The book begins with an overview of structural information on surface adsorbates and discusses the structure of a number of important chemisorption systems. Chapter 2 describes in detail the chemical bond between atoms or molecules and a metal surface in the observed surface structures. A detailed description of experimental information on the dynamics of bond-formation and bond-breaking at surfaces make up Chapter 3. Followed by an in-depth analysis of aspects of heterogeneous catalysis based on the d-band model. In Chapter 5 adsorption and chemistry on the enormously important Si and Ge semiconductor surfaces are covered. In the remaining two Chapters the book moves on from solid-gas interfaces and looks at solid-liquid interface processes. In the final chapter an overview is given of the environmentally important chemical processes occurring on mineral and oxide surfaces in contact with water and electrolytes. - Gives examples of how modern theoretical DFT techniques can be used to design heterogeneous catalysts - This book suits the rapid introduction of methods and concepts from surface science into a broad range of scientific disciplines where the interaction between a solid and the surrounding gas or liquid phase is an essential component - Shows how insight into chemical bonding at surfaces can be applied to a range of scientific problems in heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, environmental science and semiconductor processing - Provides both the fundamental perspective and an overview of chemical bonding in terms of structure, electronic structure and dynamics of bond rearrangements at surfaces
Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces Ii
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Author : Wolfram Schommers
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-03-10
Structure And Dynamics Of Surfaces Ii written by Wolfram Schommers and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Structural and dynamical properties of surfaces are of considerable importance for the elucidation of surface phenomena. For example, the adsorption of particles and chemical reactions at surfaces are influenced by these properties. Also, the electronic surface states of electronic device materials (e.g., Schottky barrier diodes and metal-insulator-semiconductor devices) depend critically on the structure of the semiconductor surface and the overlayers. As in Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces I, this Topics volume considers the problems at the mircoscopic level. It deals with ordered and disordered as well as harmonic and anharmonic surface effects. Novel experimental techniques and theoretical developments which have been applied successfully during the last decade are integrated. The contributions of this volume also include the background of the subject, typical results, and, in most cases, trends of future developments.
Dynamics Of Fractal Surfaces
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Author : Fereydoon Family
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1991
Dynamics Of Fractal Surfaces written by Fereydoon Family and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
In the last few years there has been an explosion of activity in the field of the dynamics of fractal surfaces, which, through the convergence of important new results from computer simulations, analytical theories and experiments, has led to significant advances in our understanding of nonequilibrium surface growth phenomena. This interest in surface growth phenomena has been motivated largely by the fact that a wide variety of natural and industrial processes lead to the formation of rough surfaces and interfaces. This book presents these developments in a single volume by bringing together the works containing the most important results in the field.The material is divided into chapters consisting of reprints related to a single major topic. Each chapter has a general introduction to a particular aspect of growing fractal surfaces. These introductory parts are included in order to provide a scientific background to the papers reproduced in the main part of the chapters. They are written in a pedagogical style and contain only the most essential information. The contents of the reprints are made more accessible to the reader as they are preceded by a short description of what the editors find to be the most significant results in the paper.
Dynamics Of Gas Surface Scattering
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Author : Frank O. Goodman
language : en
Publisher: New York : Academic Press
Release Date : 1976
Dynamics Of Gas Surface Scattering written by Frank O. Goodman and has been published by New York : Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Science categories.
Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering ...
Potential Energy Surfaces And Dynamics Calculations
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Author : Donald Truhlar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Potential Energy Surfaces And Dynamics Calculations written by Donald Truhlar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
The present volume is concerned with two of the central questions of chemical dynamics. What do we know about the energies of interaction of atoms and molecules with each other and with solid surfaces? How can such interaction energies be used to understand and make quantitative predictions about dynamical processes like scattering, energy transfer, and chemical reactions? It is becoming clearly recognized that the computer is leading to rapid progress in answering these questions. The computer allows probing dynamical mechanisms in fine detail and often allows us to answer questions that cannot be addressed with current experimental techniques. As we enter the 1980's, not only are more powerful and faster computers being used, but techniques and methods have been honed to a state where exciting and reliable data are being generated on a variety of systems at an unprecedented pace. The present volume presents a collection of work that illustrates the capabilities and some of the successes of this kind of computer-assisted research. In a 1978 Chemical Society Report, Frey and Walsh pointed out that "it is extremely doubtful if a calculated energy of activation for any unimolecular decomposition can replace an experimental deter mination. " However they also recorded that they "believe[d] that some of the elaborate calculations being performed at present do suggest that we may be approaching a time when a choice between reaction mechanisms will be helped by such [computational] work.
Advances In Scanning Probe Microscopy
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Author : T. Sakurai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Advances In Scanning Probe Microscopy written by T. Sakurai and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
There have been many books published on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related subjects since Dr. Cerd Binnig and Dr. Heinrich Rohrer invented STM in 1982 and AFM in 1986 at IBM Research Center in Zurich, Switzerland. These two techniques, STM and AFM, now form the core of what has come to be called the 'scanning probe microscopy (SPM)' family. SPM is not just the most powerful microscope for scientists to image atoms on surfaces, but is also becoming an indispensable tool for manipulating atoms and molecules to construct man-made materials and devices. Its impact has been felt in various fields, from surface physics and chemistry to nano-mechanics, nano-electronics and medical science. Its influence will surely extend further as the years go by, beyond the reach of our present imagination, and new research applications will continue to emerge. This book, therefore, is not intended to be a comprehensive review or textbook on SPM. Its aim is to cover only a selected part of the active re search fields of SPM and related topics in which I have been directly involved over the years. These include the basic principles of STM and AFM, and their applications to fullerene film growth, SiC surface reconstructions, MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) growth of CaAs, atomic scale manipulation of Si surfaces and meso scopic work function.
Carbon Nanomaterials Based On Graphene Nanosheets
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Author : Ling Bing Kong
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-27
Carbon Nanomaterials Based On Graphene Nanosheets written by Ling Bing Kong and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Science categories.
Since the discovery of graphene, it has become one of the most widely and extensively studied materials. This book aims to summarize the progress in synthesis, processing, characterization and applications of a special group of nanocarbon materials derived from graphene or graphene related derivatives by using various strategies in different forms. More specifically, three forms of macrosized materials are presented, i.e., one-dimension or 1D (fibers, wires, yarns, streads, etc.), two-dimension or 2D (films, membranes, papers, sheets, etc.) and three-dimension or 3D (bulk, hydrogels, aerogels, foams, sponges, etc.). Seven chapters are included with the first chapter serving to introduce the concept, definition, and nomenclature of graphene, graphene oxide and their derivatives. The main topics are covered in Chapters 2‒7. Although they have coherent connections, each chapter of them is designed such that they can be studied independently. The target readers of this book include undergraduate students, postgraduate students, researchers, designers, engineers, professors, and program/project managers from the fields of materials science and engineering, applied physics, chemical engineering, biomaterials, materials manufacturing and design, institutes, and research founding agencies.