Studies In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Studies In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Howard Steven Kurtzman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Studies In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Howard Steven Kurtzman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Ambiguity categories.
Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics
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Author : Joseph F. Kess
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1981-01-01
Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics written by Joseph F. Kess and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The authors present a comprehensive overview of past research in ambiguity in the field of psycholinguistics. Experimental results have often been equivocal in allowing a choice between the single-reading hypothesis and the multiple-reading hypothesis of processing of ambiguous sentences. This text reviews the arguments and experimental results in support of each of these views, and further investigates the contributions of context and thematic constraints in the process of ambiguity resolution. Commentary is also made on the possible hierarchical ordering of difficulty in the treatment of ambiguity, as well as critically related considerations like bias, individual differences, general cognitive strategies for dealing with multiphase representations, and the inherent differences between lexical and syntactic ambiguity.
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Steven L. Small
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Steven L. Small and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Computers categories.
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.
Non Structural Influences On Local Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution In Human Sentence Processing
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Author : Yvette I. L. Dennis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Non Structural Influences On Local Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution In Human Sentence Processing written by Yvette I. L. Dennis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Semantic Interpretation And The Resolution Of Ambiguity
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Author : Graeme Hirst
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1987
Semantic Interpretation And The Resolution Of Ambiguity written by Graeme Hirst and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Computers categories.
Semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity presents an important advance in computer understanding of natural language. While parsing techniques have been greatly improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally been ad hoc and had little theoretical basis. Graeme Hirst offers a new, theoretically motivated foundation for conceptual analysis by computer, and shows how this framework facilitates the resolution of lexical and syntactic ambiguities. His approach is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, montague semantics, and cognitive psychology.
Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Louise A. Stanczak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Louise A. Stanczak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Abstract: The use of two relevant sources of information--frequency and contextual plausibility--during on-line lexical and syntactic ambiguity resolution was examined as a function of verbal working memory capacity in four self-paced reading experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that lexical ambiguity resolution was more difficult when disambiguating sentences toward the less frequent homograph meaning. Experiment 2 showed that lexical ambiguity resolution was facilitated when homographs were preceded by strong contextual plausibility information. Experiment 3 found that syntactic ambiguity resolution was facilitated when verb bias information supported the syntactic parse, and experiment 4 demonstrated that contextual plausibility cues which disfavored the incorrect syntactic parse eased sentence comprehension. These results replicated previous research. Additionally, verbal working memory capacity did not mediate ambiguity effects in any of the four experiments. These data best support the working memory theory proposed by Caplan and Waters (1999), who hypothesize that on-line sentence comprehension is not mediated by verbal working memory resources, and these data provide evidence against other working memory theories that have been proposed by Just and Carpenter (1992) and Pearlmutter and MacDonald (1995). Ambiguity effects from each experiment were correlated with the other experiments. An individual's ability to use frequency information correlated with the ability to use contextual plausibility information within lexical ambiguities and within syntactic ambiguities. These results support a model of language in which frequency and contextual plausibility cues interact within each linguistic domain. An individual's ability to use homograph bias was not correlated with the ability to use verb bias, and an individual's ability to use contextual plausibility information was not correlated across lexical and syntactic ambiguities. These results support the autonomy theory, which posits that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed independently. These results are also discussed with respect to implications for the lexically-based constraint satisfaction theory, which hypothesizes that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed through a single mechanism by the same resources.
Developing The Ability To Resolve Syntactic Ambiguity
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Author : Felicia Hurewitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Developing The Ability To Resolve Syntactic Ambiguity written by Felicia Hurewitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Lexical Pragmatic And Prosodic Effects On Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution In Younger Older And Aphasic Adults
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Author : Gayle Lucia Dede
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Lexical Pragmatic And Prosodic Effects On Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution In Younger Older And Aphasic Adults written by Gayle Lucia Dede and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Abstract: Three self-paced listening experiments examined the role of verb bias, plausibility, and prosodic phrasing during auditory sentence comprehension. Experiment 1 studied younger, older, and aphasic adults' syntactic ambiguity resolution in early closure sentences (e.g., "While the parents watched, the child sang a song."). The stimuli contained transitively biased subordinate verbs paired with plausible direct objects or intransitively biased subordinate verbs paired with implausible direct objects. There were two prosodic conditions. In the cooperating prosodic condition, an intonational phrase boundary marked the clausal boundary following the subordinate verb. In the neutral prosodic condition, the clause boundary was unmarked. Experiment 2 investigated the role of verb bias in younger, older, and aphasic adults' processing of syntactically unambiguous transitive and intransitive sentences. Experiment 3 studied younger adults' syntactic ambiguity resolution in early closure sentences. The critical stimuli, which were pronounced with cooperating and neutral prosodic contours, varied verb transitivity bias but controlled plausibility. The subordinate verbs were transitively or intransitively biased, but were always followed by plausible direct objects. The results supported fully interactive models of sentence comprehension. For the younger adults, Experiments 1 and 3 demonstrated that lexical-pragmatic and prosodic cues interact during syntactic ambiguity resolution. Experiment 1 demonstrated that older adults were sensitive to the same cues as younger adults, but used the cues to minimize processing load associated with conflicting cues. Experiment 2 suggested that younger and older adults were sensitive to mismatches between verb bias and sentence structure in syntactically simple sentences. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that the aphasic group was sensitive to the lexical-pragmatic and prosodic cues, but did not use them as efficiently as the control group. In Experiment 2, the aphasic group showed sensitivity to verb mismatch in an off-line comprehension measure but not in on-line listening times. Analyses of subgroups of aphasic adults based on clinical classifications and specific symptoms revealed that the most coherent subgroups were identified on the basis of comprehension performance on Experiment 2. Overall, the aphasic group's data were consistent with slowed processing accounts of sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia.
The Lexical Nature Of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Maryellen C. MacDonald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Lexical Nature Of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Maryellen C. MacDonald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Perspectives On Sentence Processing
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Author : Charles Clifton, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-12-22
Perspectives On Sentence Processing written by Charles Clifton, Jr. and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
One of the liveliest forums for sharing psychological, linguistic, philosophical, and computer science perspectives on psycholinguistics has been the annual meeting of the CUNY Sentence Processing Conference. Documenting the state of the art in several important approaches to sentence processing, this volume consists of selected papers that had been presented at the Sixth CUNY Conference. The editors not only present the main themes that ran through the conference but also honor the breadth of the presentations from disciplines including linguistics, experimental psychology, and computer science. The variety of sentence processing topics examined includes: * how evoked brain potentials reflect sentence comprehension * how auditory words are processed * how various sources of grammatical and nongrammatical information are coordinated and used * how sentence processing and language acquisition might be related. This distinctive volume not only presents the most exciting current work in sentence processing, but also places this research into the broader context of theorizing about it.