Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Louise A. Stanczak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Louise A. Stanczak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Abstract: The use of two relevant sources of information--frequency and contextual plausibility--during on-line lexical and syntactic ambiguity resolution was examined as a function of verbal working memory capacity in four self-paced reading experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that lexical ambiguity resolution was more difficult when disambiguating sentences toward the less frequent homograph meaning. Experiment 2 showed that lexical ambiguity resolution was facilitated when homographs were preceded by strong contextual plausibility information. Experiment 3 found that syntactic ambiguity resolution was facilitated when verb bias information supported the syntactic parse, and experiment 4 demonstrated that contextual plausibility cues which disfavored the incorrect syntactic parse eased sentence comprehension. These results replicated previous research. Additionally, verbal working memory capacity did not mediate ambiguity effects in any of the four experiments. These data best support the working memory theory proposed by Caplan and Waters (1999), who hypothesize that on-line sentence comprehension is not mediated by verbal working memory resources, and these data provide evidence against other working memory theories that have been proposed by Just and Carpenter (1992) and Pearlmutter and MacDonald (1995). Ambiguity effects from each experiment were correlated with the other experiments. An individual's ability to use frequency information correlated with the ability to use contextual plausibility information within lexical ambiguities and within syntactic ambiguities. These results support a model of language in which frequency and contextual plausibility cues interact within each linguistic domain. An individual's ability to use homograph bias was not correlated with the ability to use verb bias, and an individual's ability to use contextual plausibility information was not correlated across lexical and syntactic ambiguities. These results support the autonomy theory, which posits that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed independently. These results are also discussed with respect to implications for the lexically-based constraint satisfaction theory, which hypothesizes that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed through a single mechanism by the same resources.
Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics
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Author : Joseph F. Kess
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1981-01-01
Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics written by Joseph F. Kess and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The authors present a comprehensive overview of past research in ambiguity in the field of psycholinguistics. Experimental results have often been equivocal in allowing a choice between the single-reading hypothesis and the multiple-reading hypothesis of processing of ambiguous sentences. This text reviews the arguments and experimental results in support of each of these views, and further investigates the contributions of context and thematic constraints in the process of ambiguity resolution. Commentary is also made on the possible hierarchical ordering of difficulty in the treatment of ambiguity, as well as critically related considerations like bias, individual differences, general cognitive strategies for dealing with multiphase representations, and the inherent differences between lexical and syntactic ambiguity.
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Steven L. Small
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Steven L. Small and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Computers categories.
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.
Second Language Sentence Processing
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Author : Alan Juffs
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-02
Second Language Sentence Processing written by Alan Juffs and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This addition to the Cognitive Science and Second Language Acquisition series presents a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on sentence processing in second language acquisition. The book begins with a broad overview of the core issues of second language sentence processing research and then narrows its focus by dedicating individual chapters to each of these key areas. While a number of publications have discussed research findings on knowledge of formal syntactic principles as part of theories of second language acquisition, there are fewer resources dedicated to the role of second language sentence processing in this context. This volume will act as the first full-length literature review of the field on the market.
Multiple Constraints And Individual Differences In Semantic And Syntactic Processing
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Author : Kay Louise Livesay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Multiple Constraints And Individual Differences In Semantic And Syntactic Processing written by Kay Louise Livesay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Association of ideas categories.
Handbook Of Individual Differences In Reading
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Author : Peter Afflerbach
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-08-11
Handbook Of Individual Differences In Reading written by Peter Afflerbach and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The central unifying theme of this state-of-the-art contribution to research on literacy is its rethinking and reconceptualization of individual differences in reading. Previous research, focused on cognitive components of reading, signaled the need for ongoing work to identify relevant individual differences in reading, to determine the relationship(s) of individual differences to reading development, and to account for interactions among individual differences. Addressing developments in each of these areas, this volume also describes affective individual differences, and the environments in which individual differences in reading may emerge, operate, interact, and change. The scant comprehensive accounting of individual differences in reading is reflected in the nature of reading instruction programs today, the outcomes that are expected from successful teaching and learning, and the manner in which reading development is assessed. An important contribution of this volume is to provide prima facie evidence of the benefits of broad conceptualization of the ways in which readers differ. The Handbook of Individual Differences in Reading moves the field forward by encompassing cognitive, non-cognitive, contextual, and methodological concerns. Its breadth of coverage serves as both a useful summary of the current state of knowledge and a guide for future work in this area.
The Lexical Nature Of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Maryellen C. MacDonald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Lexical Nature Of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Maryellen C. MacDonald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
The Cambridge Handbook Of Psycholinguistics
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Author : Michael Spivey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-20
The Cambridge Handbook Of Psycholinguistics written by Michael Spivey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-20 with Psychology categories.
Our ability to speak, write, understand speech and read is critical to our ability to function in today's society. As such, psycholinguistics, or the study of how humans learn and use language, is a central topic in cognitive science. This comprehensive handbook is a collection of chapters written not by practitioners in the field, who can summarize the work going on around them, but by trailblazers from a wide array of subfields, who have been shaping the field of psycholinguistics over the last decade. Some topics discussed include how children learn language, how average adults understand and produce language, how language is represented in the brain, how brain-damaged individuals perform in terms of their language abilities and computer-based models of language and meaning. This is required reading for advanced researchers, graduate students and upper-level undergraduates who are interested in the recent developments and the future of psycholinguistics.
The Role Of Verb Specific Lexical Information In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Shelia Marie Kennison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Role Of Verb Specific Lexical Information In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Shelia Marie Kennison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Ambiguity categories.
Studies In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Howard Steven Kurtzman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Studies In Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Howard Steven Kurtzman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Ambiguity categories.