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Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution


Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution


Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Louise A. Stanczak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Individual Differences In Lexical And Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution written by Louise A. Stanczak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.


Abstract: The use of two relevant sources of information--frequency and contextual plausibility--during on-line lexical and syntactic ambiguity resolution was examined as a function of verbal working memory capacity in four self-paced reading experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that lexical ambiguity resolution was more difficult when disambiguating sentences toward the less frequent homograph meaning. Experiment 2 showed that lexical ambiguity resolution was facilitated when homographs were preceded by strong contextual plausibility information. Experiment 3 found that syntactic ambiguity resolution was facilitated when verb bias information supported the syntactic parse, and experiment 4 demonstrated that contextual plausibility cues which disfavored the incorrect syntactic parse eased sentence comprehension. These results replicated previous research. Additionally, verbal working memory capacity did not mediate ambiguity effects in any of the four experiments. These data best support the working memory theory proposed by Caplan and Waters (1999), who hypothesize that on-line sentence comprehension is not mediated by verbal working memory resources, and these data provide evidence against other working memory theories that have been proposed by Just and Carpenter (1992) and Pearlmutter and MacDonald (1995). Ambiguity effects from each experiment were correlated with the other experiments. An individual's ability to use frequency information correlated with the ability to use contextual plausibility information within lexical ambiguities and within syntactic ambiguities. These results support a model of language in which frequency and contextual plausibility cues interact within each linguistic domain. An individual's ability to use homograph bias was not correlated with the ability to use verb bias, and an individual's ability to use contextual plausibility information was not correlated across lexical and syntactic ambiguities. These results support the autonomy theory, which posits that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed independently. These results are also discussed with respect to implications for the lexically-based constraint satisfaction theory, which hypothesizes that lexical and syntactic ambiguities are processed through a single mechanism by the same resources.



Handbook Of Individual Differences In Reading


Handbook Of Individual Differences In Reading
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Author : Peter Afflerbach
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-08-11

Handbook Of Individual Differences In Reading written by Peter Afflerbach and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


The central unifying theme of this state-of-the-art contribution to research on literacy is its rethinking and reconceptualization of individual differences in reading. Previous research, focused on cognitive components of reading, signaled the need for ongoing work to identify relevant individual differences in reading, to determine the relationship(s) of individual differences to reading development, and to account for interactions among individual differences. Addressing developments in each of these areas, this volume also describes affective individual differences, and the environments in which individual differences in reading may emerge, operate, interact, and change. The scant comprehensive accounting of individual differences in reading is reflected in the nature of reading instruction programs today, the outcomes that are expected from successful teaching and learning, and the manner in which reading development is assessed. An important contribution of this volume is to provide prima facie evidence of the benefits of broad conceptualization of the ways in which readers differ. The Handbook of Individual Differences in Reading moves the field forward by encompassing cognitive, non-cognitive, contextual, and methodological concerns. Its breadth of coverage serves as both a useful summary of the current state of knowledge and a guide for future work in this area.



Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics


Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics
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Author : Joseph F. Kess
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1981-01-01

Ambiguity In Psycholinguistics written by Joseph F. Kess and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


The authors present a comprehensive overview of past research in ambiguity in the field of psycholinguistics. Experimental results have often been equivocal in allowing a choice between the single-reading hypothesis and the multiple-reading hypothesis of processing of ambiguous sentences. This text reviews the arguments and experimental results in support of each of these views, and further investigates the contributions of context and thematic constraints in the process of ambiguity resolution. Commentary is also made on the possible hierarchical ordering of difficulty in the treatment of ambiguity, as well as critically related considerations like bias, individual differences, general cognitive strategies for dealing with multiphase representations, and the inherent differences between lexical and syntactic ambiguity.



Individual Differences In Anaphora Resolution


Individual Differences In Anaphora Resolution
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Author : Georgia Fotiadou
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2023-11-15

Individual Differences In Anaphora Resolution written by Georgia Fotiadou and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


Individual Differences in Anaphora Resolution: Language and cognitive effects explores anaphora resolution from different perspectives, and investigates various aspects of the phenomenon, as contributions include research protocols that combine old and new experimental methodologies as well as theoretical and empirical approaches. A central theme across volume contributions are the multiple linguistic and extralinguistic factors that constrain anaphora resolution, its processing and acquisition by a variety of populations (children and adults, monolinguals, bilinguals and second language learners) as well as the mechanisms underlying anaphora resolution. Anaphora resolution constitutes an ideal environment to test the interaction between domain-general cognitive systems and domain-specific linguistic sub-routines, since variability in referential preferences is not related to binding constraints (an integral part of syntax per se) but is closely tied to processing (functional constraints) modulated by the integration of discourse-filtered information.



Lexical Ambiguity Resolution


Lexical Ambiguity Resolution
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Author : Geert Adriaens
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 1988

Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Geert Adriaens and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Computers categories.


The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.



Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Annual Conference Of The Cognitive Science Society


Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Annual Conference Of The Cognitive Science Society
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Author : Ashwin Ram
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-05-23

Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Annual Conference Of The Cognitive Science Society written by Ashwin Ram and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-23 with Psychology categories.


This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 16th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.



The Cambridge Handbook Of Psycholinguistics


The Cambridge Handbook Of Psycholinguistics
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Author : Michael Spivey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-20

The Cambridge Handbook Of Psycholinguistics written by Michael Spivey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-20 with Psychology categories.


Our ability to speak, write, understand speech and read is critical to our ability to function in today's society. As such, psycholinguistics, or the study of how humans learn and use language, is a central topic in cognitive science. This comprehensive handbook is a collection of chapters written not by practitioners in the field, who can summarize the work going on around them, but by trailblazers from a wide array of subfields, who have been shaping the field of psycholinguistics over the last decade. Some topics discussed include how children learn language, how average adults understand and produce language, how language is represented in the brain, how brain-damaged individuals perform in terms of their language abilities and computer-based models of language and meaning. This is required reading for advanced researchers, graduate students and upper-level undergraduates who are interested in the recent developments and the future of psycholinguistics.



Encoding And Navigating Linguistic Representations In Memory


Encoding And Navigating Linguistic Representations In Memory
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Author : Claudia Felser
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-03-22

Encoding And Navigating Linguistic Representations In Memory written by Claudia Felser and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-22 with categories.


Successful speaking and understanding requires mechanisms for reliably encoding structured linguistic representations in memory and for effectively accessing information in those representations later. Studying the time-course of real-time linguistic dependency formation provides a valuable tool for uncovering the cognitive and neural basis of these mechanisms. This volume draws together multiple perspectives on encoding and navigating structured linguistic representations, to highlight important empirical insights, and to identify key priorities for new research in this area.



The Oxford Handbook Of Psycholinguistics


The Oxford Handbook Of Psycholinguistics
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Author : M. Gareth Gaskell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2007

The Oxford Handbook Of Psycholinguistics written by M. Gareth Gaskell and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


The ability to communicate through spoken and written language is one of the defining characteristics of the human race, yet it remains a deeply mysterious process. The young science of psycholinguistics attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. With almost 50 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics. The breadth of coverage, coupled with the accessibility of the short chapter format should make the handbook essential reading for both students and researchers in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience.



Annual Workshop On Formal Approaches To Slavic Linguistics


Annual Workshop On Formal Approaches To Slavic Linguistics
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Author : James Eric Lavine
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Annual Workshop On Formal Approaches To Slavic Linguistics written by James Eric Lavine and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Foreign Language Study categories.


"The present volume consists of revised and edited versions of papers originally presented at the fourteenth annual meeting of Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, held at Princeton University, May 6-8, 2005."--P. [v].