Studies On Pathogenic Naegleria Fowleri

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Studies On Pathogenic Naegleria Fowleri

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Author : Anthony L. Newsome
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982

Studies On Pathogenic Naegleria Fowleri written by Anthony L. Newsome and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Amoeba categories.

Pathogenic Naegleria

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Author : Flora Mae Wellings
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Pathogenic Naegleria written by Flora Mae Wellings and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Amoeba categories.

Brain Eating Amoebae

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Author : Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
language : en
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
Release Date : 2016

Brain Eating Amoebae written by Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui and has been published by Caister Academic Press Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.

Naegleria fowleri is a eukaryotic protist pathogen that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. It is one of the world's deadliest known parasites with a mortality rate higher than 90%: infection almost always results in death. A greater scientific understanding of this parasite, how it lives in the environment and its pathogenic mechanism, is crucial for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies against this fatal, albeit rare disease. This concise book on N. fowleri serves as a quick guide for clinical practitioners, health professionals, researchers and students working with this parasite. Divided into easy-to-follow sections, the book covers all aspects of research into N. fowleri as an organism ranging from clinical and laboratory diagnosis to growth and life cycle. It is essential reading for all microbiologists, immunologists, physicians, public health officials and researchers (both new and experienced) involved with N. fowleri. This book is an invaluable reference for everyone working in the field of basic and medical microbiology and a recommended acquisition for all parasitology, microbiology and medical libraries.

A Comparative Study Of A Pathogenic Versus A Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species

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Author : Melissa Jamerson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

A Comparative Study Of A Pathogenic Versus A Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species written by Melissa Jamerson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) and Naegleria lovaniensis (N. lovaniensis) are closely related amebae found in the environment. N. fowleri causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal disease of the central nervous system, while N. lovaniensis is nonpathogenic. N. fowleri infection occurs when amebae enter the nasal passages, and migrate to the brain. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PAM are not well-defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to define phenotypic characteristics that may be functionally linked to the pathogenicity associated with N. fowleri. Studies revealed that N. fowleri has a faster growth rate and is more resistant to complement-mediated lysis when compared to N. lovaniensis. Additionally, contact-independent cytotoxicity was observed only for N. fowleri. The ability to invade tissues can be a characteristic that distinguishes pathogens from nonpathogens. Therefore, adhesion to extracellular matrix components (ECM), laminin-1, fibronectin, and collagen I, was assessed. N. fowleri exhibited a higher level of adhesion to ECM components and was shown to invade tri-dimensional ECM scaffolds (matrigel and collagen I) to a greater extent than N. lovaniensis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that N. fowleri attached on ECM substrata exhibited a spread-out appearance that included the presence of focal adhesion-like structures. Attachment of N. fowleri to ECM components was decreased significantly when amebae were pretreated with trypsin, suggesting a role for a surface protein in this process. Pretreatment of N. fowleri amebae with periodate, a sugar oxidant, led to a decrease in attachment to laminin-1 and fibronectin suggesting that the surface component contained a sugar moiety. Western immunoblotting revealed two integrin-like proteins for both species. However, one with a molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa, was detected at a higher level for N. fowleri. Confocal microscopy indicated that the integrin-like proteins co-localized to the focal adhesion-like structures. An anti-integrin antibody decreased adhesion of N. fowleri to ECM components. Zymographic analysis demonstrated differential expression of proteases occurs when N. fowleri and N. lovaniensis invade ECM components using an in vitro invasion assay. These results indicate a distinction in adhesion to, and invasion of, extracellular matrix proteins between N. fowleri and N. lovaniensis.

Use Of Quantitative Real Time Pcr Qpcr To Investigate A Potential Correlation Between Populations Of The Pathogenic Amoeba Naegleria Fowleri And The Bacterium Escherichia Coli In Lake Granbury Texas

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Author : Stephanie M. Painter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Use Of Quantitative Real Time Pcr Qpcr To Investigate A Potential Correlation Between Populations Of The Pathogenic Amoeba Naegleria Fowleri And The Bacterium Escherichia Coli In Lake Granbury Texas written by Stephanie M. Painter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Escherichia coli categories.

Previous studies have indicated a correlation between the presence of the pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri and the presence of bacteria, such as the indicator Escherichia coli in environmental surface waters. The main objective of this study was to use qPCR methodologies to quantify populations of N. fowleri and E. coli in lake water samples collected in late summer on Lake Granbury in north-central Texas. No statistically significant relationship was identified between the populations of the target microorganisms, indicating that other bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, may be a more significant food source for N. fowleri in Lake Granbury. A highly statistically significant relationship was identified between E. coli detected via qPCR and quantified via the Colilert method.

Emerging Protozoan Pathogens

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Author : Naveed Ahmed Khan
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2008-03-01

Emerging Protozoan Pathogens written by Naveed Ahmed Khan and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-01 with Science categories.

Emerging protozoan pathogens, once thought to be an obscure menace of society, have become a major threat to human health. The last two decades have seen major advances in the understanding of these increasingly important pathogens. Emerging Protozoan Pathogens provides a comprehensive account of up-to-date information on the present status of research in this discipline. Written by experts in their respective subject areas, this book provides a valuable resource for microbiologists and molecular and cell biologists at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as health professionals and researchers who are interested in these pathogens. The material covered, including biology, genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatments, makes it an ideal platform on which to base further research projects.

Free Living Amebas

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Author : A. Julio Martinez
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-08-08

Free Living Amebas written by A. Julio Martinez and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-08 with Science categories.

This book places greater emphasis on the practical problems of epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and pathological aspects of the two principle types of free-living amoebic infection: the acute disease produced by Naegleria fowleri and the chronic, subacute and opportunistic form, produced by acanthamoeba spp.

Microbiology Of Waterborne Diseases

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-11-08

Microbiology Of Waterborne Diseases written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-08 with Science categories.

The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters

Proteomic Analysis Of Two Different States Of Naegleria Fowleri

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Author : Hong Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Proteomic Analysis Of Two Different States Of Naegleria Fowleri written by Hong Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Naegleria fowleri are free-living ameboflagellates found in soil and freshwater habitats throughout the world that cause a fatal disease in humans called Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). Mechanisms of host resistance or susceptibility to infection have not been fully elucidated, and possible treatment methods are still sub optimal. The disease is diagnosed using specific laboratory tests available in only a few laboratories in the United States. Because of the rarity of infection and difficulty in initial detection, more than often PAM is misdiagnosed. Therefore, it is very important to find causative marker for early detection of an infection. The purpose of this study is to create a proteomic signature map using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D gel) and recommend a subset of proteins that may be directly linked to the pathogenic state of N. fowleri. Replicates of 2-D Gels were created for both strains of N. fowleri and the proteomic templates from these gels were compared with each other. Scatter Plots were generated measuring the density of protein spots from 2-D gels being analyzed for each study. For each strains of N. fowleri, the 2-D gels from each study were compared within and compared between the two studies for reproducibility in data. The resulting correlation values for all of the Scatter Plots were greater or equal to 0.90. Finally, the representative proteomic template for axenically grown N. fowleri and mouse passaged N. fowleri were compared and the correlation value of 0.60 was observed. This confirmed our theory that these two strains or states of N. fowleri have very different protein expressions, and we were able to identify a subset of proteins, both over expressed and newly synthesized, that may be linked to the highly pathogenic state of N. fowleri.

Drug Discovery And Development Of Resistance In Naegleria Fowleri Identifies Potent Compounds And Novel Targets To Treat Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

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Author : Beatrice Lourdes Colon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Drug Discovery And Development Of Resistance In Naegleria Fowleri Identifies Potent Compounds And Novel Targets To Treat Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis written by Beatrice Lourdes Colon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is>97% fatal disease caused by the brain-eating amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. The amoeba can infect immunocompetent individuals when it enters the nasal cavity and begins feeding on the nasal epithelium and olfactory nerves as it travels towards the frontal lobe of the brain. In this study, we developed a high-throughput assay to identify active compounds that inhibit amoebic growth. With this assay, we screened a library of amidines and diamidines that were known to be active against other infectious diseases such as Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania species. We found that the bis-benzimidazole amidines and diamidines were the most potent compounds against the pathogenic N. fowleri. Additionally, we screened a library of FDA-approved compounds to identify the potential of repurposing drugs for PAM. In this study, we identified posaconazole to be among the fastest compounds that inhibit amoebic growth in vitro. In addition, In the murine PAM model we found 33% of Naegleria-infected mice treated with 3 doses of posaconazole survived. Moreover, when testing posaconazole in combination with azithromycin, we found a 40% increased survival of mice when compared to the fluconazole-azithromycin combination. From the results of this study, we propose to include posaconazole in PAM treatments instead of fluconazole. In the last portion of this project, we developed resistance to a potent bis-benzimidazole amidine, DB 2518, to elucidate a potential mechanism of action. We characterized multiple phenotypic differences to compare with the genotypic variations identified through whole-genome sequencing. We hypothesize from the decreased size of trophozoites and number of lysosomes in the resistant clones, that ion binding, lyase or hydrolase mutated genes may be likely targets for the bis-benzimidazole, DB 2518.