Study Of The 2008 Repeal Of The Liner Conference Exemption From European Union Competition Law
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Study Of The 2008 Repeal Of The Liner Conference Exemption From European Union Competition Law
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Release Date :
Study Of The 2008 Repeal Of The Liner Conference Exemption From European Union Competition Law written by and has been published by Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Liner Shipping And Eu Competition Law
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Author : Alla Pozdnakova
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2008-01-01
Liner Shipping And Eu Competition Law written by Alla Pozdnakova and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Law categories.
As of October 2008, liner shipping companies lose their privileged status under EU competition law due to withdrawal of the liner conference block exemption, which generously authorized horizontal price-fixing and similar agreements between liner shipping companies. Where the liner consortia block exemption does not apply, all cooperative activity should be carefully and individually assessed under the competition provisions of the EC Treaty. Alla Pozdnakova has taken this opportunity to research and write an in-depth study of competition law problems in the liner shipping context. Her analysis is not only the first to examine the new European regime, and thus the most up-to-date study of the subject; it is in fact the first major independent study of how Articles 81 and 82 EC are construed and applied to the market conduct of liner shipping companies. In particular, the author addresses the following legal questions: * Does cooperation between liner shipping companies infringe Article 81(1) even if it does not entail hard-core restrictions of competition? * Can a cooperative arrangement between liner shipping companies claim that the efficiencies they produce outweigh the negative impact on competition (Article 81(3))? * When do certain market strategies of liner carriers become an abuse of a collective or individual dominant position (Article 82)? * Does parallel pricing behaviour infringe EC Treaty competition rules? Systematically, the author considers various market strategies of liner shipping companies and tests them as to their compatibility with EC Treaty competition provisions. In doing so, she thoroughly analyses European Commission decisions and judgments of the European courts, applying them authoritatively to the liner shipping sector. In this way, her book provides a well-structured account that clearly identifies the legal issues that liner shipping companies are likely to face once the special treatment traditionally allowed them is withdrawn. A summary of current and prospective developments in EU competition regulation and policy in liner shipping rounds up the analysis. Liner Shipping and EU Competition Law will be a unique and powerful resource for practitioners and policymakers as liner shipping companies restructure their agreements and market strategies to accommodate loss of the block exemption. It is also sure to become a definitive analysis of the legal identity of the liner shipping market sector under European competition law.
The Future Of Liner Conferences In Europe
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Author : Felix Dinger
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Pub Incorporated
Release Date : 2004-01
The Future Of Liner Conferences In Europe written by Felix Dinger and has been published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01 with Competition, Unfair categories.
Purpose of this study is to establish whether or not it is necessary to exempt liner conferences from the regular mechanisms of European competition law by means of a group exemption. The main proposition of the author is that there is no need to allow liner conferences to engage in joint price fixing activities, with the consequence, that the corresponding exemption should be terminated. A first argument to that effect is that liner conferences constitute oligopolies and are harmful from an economic point of view. Secondly, the author concludes from an interpretation of the requirements laid down in Art. 81 III EC that the block exemption for liner conferences embodied in Art. 3 Regulation 4056/86 cannot be reconciled with the EC Treaty. Finally, the author looks at recent changes in U.S. antitrust policy on the issue of price fixing in the liner shipping industry as an aid to develop a future strategy for the European legislator on the issue of liner conferences."
Shipping Conferences Under Ec Antitrust Law
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Author : Luis Ortiz Blanco
language : en
Publisher: Hart Publishing
Release Date : 2007-05-28
Shipping Conferences Under Ec Antitrust Law written by Luis Ortiz Blanco and has been published by Hart Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-28 with Law categories.
Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s, they have existed on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity, and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the EC to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The EC Commissions administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the EU. After a report by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003), which has not yet finished, and suggested that the authorization for liner conferences should either be repealed or severely limited. This book studies first the origins, the early history, and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the EC, focusing in particular on the regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, the book examines, one by one, the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it recommends that the block exemption is repealed and proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector. Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - the only study of Shipping Conferences - examines one of the great anomalies in world trade law.
Departments Of Transportation And Housing And Urban Development And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2013 Fy 2013 Budget Justifications Hud U S Access Board Fmc Nrc Usich Ntsb
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Departments Of Transportation And Housing And Urban Development And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2013 Fy 2013 Budget Justifications Hud U S Access Board Fmc Nrc Usich Ntsb written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Administrative agencies categories.
The Business Of Transportation
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Author : Darren Prokop
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2014-05-12
The Business Of Transportation written by Darren Prokop and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This is a must-have resource for anyone interested in the latest information about the complex field of transportationand how it is transforming today's business environment. This wide-ranging, two-volume work explores the transportation industry in all its many guises. It demonstrates how transportation is vital to most businesses and how it facilitates trade and globalization. It also explains how transportation figures into environmental and supply chain security challenges in the modern world. The contributors get into the nitty-gritty of how the business of transportation works and who the players are. Equally important, they show why those who depend on transportation in their business cannot afford to ignore such details when seeking greater efficiency, growth, profit, and market share.
Departments Of Transportation And Housing And Urban Development And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2014
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Departments Of Transportation And Housing And Urban Development And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2014 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Administrative agencies categories.
Annual Report Of The Federal Maritime Commission
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Author : United States. Federal Maritime Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Annual Report Of The Federal Maritime Commission written by United States. Federal Maritime Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Shipping categories.
Us Federal Maritime Commission Handbook Strategic Information Regulations Contacts
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Author : IBP, Inc.
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2016-08-30
Us Federal Maritime Commission Handbook Strategic Information Regulations Contacts written by IBP, Inc. and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-30 with Business & Economics categories.
2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. US Federal Maritime Commission Handbook
Port Management
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Author : Stephen Pettit
language : en
Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers
Release Date : 2017-12-03
Port Management written by Stephen Pettit and has been published by Kogan Page Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Port Management looks at the numerous types of business interactions that occur at active ports. These include cooperating with other ports, coordinating deliveries with ships, overseeing port development, advertising and promotion, and enforcing security and environmental protection initiatives. Including research, practical insights and case studies, this book looks at quantitative methods and market analysis, maritime logistics, port planning and pricing, and commercial law. Port Management covers all the main aspects of management, administration and policy, and fills existing gaps in the literature in this area. Edited by two leading academics who have conducted research for the Department of Transport and the United Nations, this text is international in scope and includes research-based findings from a global team of contributors. It provides fascinating insights into the geography, economics, politics and trade involved in port management. Online supporting resources include lecture notes, lesson plans and PowerPoints.