Subsidies To Chinese Industry
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Subsidies To Chinese Industry
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Author : Usha C.V. Haley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-27
Subsidies To Chinese Industry written by Usha C.V. Haley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-27 with Business & Economics categories.
How did China move so swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to the largest manufacturer and exporter in the world? This book argues that subsidies contributed significantly to China's success. Industrial subsidies in key Chinese manufacturing industries may exceed thirty percent of industrial output. Economic theories have mostly portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses and governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets; the flows of capital reflect struggles between critical Chinese actors including central and provincial governments. Concepts of state capitalism including market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder, create complex and relevant understandings of Chinese subsidies. The authors develop independent measures of industrial subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time and effects on world industry: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and for protection from subsidized foreign competitors and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The subsidized solar industry highlights how global business strategies and decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
Subsidies To Chinese Industry
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Author : Usha C. V. Haley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Subsidies To Chinese Industry written by Usha C. V. Haley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Capitalism categories.
How did China move swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to largest manufacturer and exporter? This book argues that industrial subsidies contributed significantly. Economic theories have portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses, central and provincial governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets. Concepts of state capitalism include market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder. The authors measure subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth and effects of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and protection from subsidized foreign competitors, and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The solar industry highlights how decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
How The Chinese System Of Charges And Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts By China S Top Industrial Polluters
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Author : Hua Wang
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
How The Chinese System Of Charges And Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts By China S Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bendigo (Vic.) categories.
China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.
Industrial Overcapacity And Duplicate Construction In China Reasons And Solutions
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Author : Li Ping
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2019-05-03
Industrial Overcapacity And Duplicate Construction In China Reasons And Solutions written by Li Ping and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-03 with Political Science categories.
Since 2012, industrial overcapacity has become an increasingly serious problem in China, against the backdrop of domestic economic slowdown and continued downturn in international markets. Overcapacity is widespread in the traditional manufacturing sector, particularly in iron and steel, cement, electrolytic aluminium, flat glass, and ship-building industries. It is also grave in emerging industries such as polysilicon, solar cells, and wind power equipment.This book provides an overview on the overcapacity problem facing China and examines the main characteristics of overcapacity in some important industries. The book identifies two types of overcapacity: one is excess capacity that results from natural supply-demand dynamics or cyclical economic fluctuations under a relatively sound market system; the other is overcapacity caused by the overinvestment of enterprises under a flawed economic system. It probes into how overcapacity is caused and finds two contributors — change of growth model and institutional flaws. It explores to establish a long-term mechanism for solving the problem. The book concludes that China should establish a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve overcapacity, and to establish healthy relationship between the market and the government.
China S State Owned Enterprises
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Author : Hong Sheng
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013
China S State Owned Enterprises written by Hong Sheng and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
The Nature, the Performance, and the Reform of State-owned Enterprises provides a detailed description of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China with respect to both efficiency and income distribution. It shows that state ownership in the form of SOEs does not use resources efficiently and has a poor record in income distribution. Moreover, SOEs are found to enjoy unfair advantages in their competition with other firms. To illustrate the point, the book presents data revealing how favored policies, monopolistic powers, and subsidies benefit SOEs. These advantages are worth several trillion yuans a year. It is a sad irony that such wealth of the people is used to beef up the revenues of the SOEs, making their accounts look much better than they should be.This book, with its rich empirical data and information, is an authoritative reference for researchers interested in SOEs. It is also a good read for students of social sciences and the public to learn more about SOEs.
Chinese Trade
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Author : Rich Marino
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-08-06
Chinese Trade written by Rich Marino and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-06 with Business & Economics categories.
There’s no question, compared to the advanced economies China’s economic growth rates have been spectacular, but in most instances the economic analysts tend to forget that a large part of China’s growth has been dictated by government industrial subsidies. How did China go from a bit player overnight to the largest exporter in the world in capital-intensive industries? This book shows that government subsidies play a big part in China’s success. Government subsidies include those to basic industries: energy (coal, electricity, natural gas and heavy oil), steel, glass, paper, auto parts, solar and more. A lot has been written about China’s trade practices with the West, but none of this work addresses the real unsustainable dilemma. Much of the current literature discusses the problems but doesn’t explain the root cause of China’s lopsided trade practices with the West or explain in detail how China finances its government subsidies, with nothing written that explains that China’s subsidized exports to the United States and European Union are basically self-funded by its enormous trade surplus with the West. A trade surplus represents a net inflow of domestic currency from foreign markets and is the opposite of a trade deficit, which would represent a net outflow. Moreover, this is the only book that describes China’s current trade practices with the West as a zero sum game at the expense of the West. This book provides two solutions to this endless quagmire: an increase in Western exports to China so that China and the West have more of an equal trade balance, or a very steep reduction of China’s exports to the West.
U S Tools To Address Chinese Market Distortions Trump Administration Tariffs Response To Chinese State Capitalism Industrial Policy Subsidies Investment Restrictions Ip Theft Wto Disputes
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Author : Senate of the United States of America
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-07-13
U S Tools To Address Chinese Market Distortions Trump Administration Tariffs Response To Chinese State Capitalism Industrial Policy Subsidies Investment Restrictions Ip Theft Wto Disputes written by Senate of the United States of America and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-13 with categories.
This important report compilation contains the testimony of eight renowned experts at a hearing in 2018 exploring U.S. policy options available to address Chinese market distortions. The first panel, "A Coordinated Policy Response to Chinese State Capitalism," addressed industrial policy challenges like subsidies, price distortions, and investment restrictions. The second panel, "A Coordinated Policy Response to China's Techno-nationalism," focused on challenges from China's push to develop domestic-led intellectual property, including technology transfer, IP or data theft, and restrictions on cross-border data flows.Panel I: A Coordinated Policy Response to Chinese State Capitalism * 1. Chad Bown, Ph.D. Reginald Jones Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics; former Senior Economist for International Trade and Investment, White House Council of Economic Advisors * 2. Linda Dempsey VP, International Affairs and Economic Policy, National Association of Manufacturers * 3. Celeste Drake, Trade and Globalization Policy Specialist, AFL-CIO * 4. Jennifer A. Hillman, Professor from Practice, Georgetown Law School; former Member, WTO Appellate Body * Panel II: A Coordinated Policy Response to China's Techno-nationalism * 5. Lee Branstetter, Ph.D. Professor of Economics and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University; former Senior Economist for International Trade and Investment, President's Council of Economic Advisors * 6. Mark Cohen, Head of the Asia IP Project, University of California at Berkeley; former Senior Counsel, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office * 7. Willy Shih, Ph.D., Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Management Practice in Business Administration, Harvard Business School * 8. Graham Webster, China Digital Economy Fellow at New America; Senior Fellow, Paul Tsai China Center at Yale Law SchoolThe circumstances certainly surrounding China's accession to the WTO were distinctive if not unique. China acceded on the grounds it wouldn't immediately comply with all requirements but would increasingly be able to do so over time. Prior to its accession, China had enacted sweeping and painful reforms to state-owned enterprises. And its leadership used the WTO to expand China's integration with global markets and devolve government control in many industries.But those positive circumstances have changed. China's President Xi Jinping has called for renewed centralization of economic and political authority under the government and the Party, writing that "East, West, North, or South, the Party leads everything." Though the global economy has been driven in part by China as a growth engine, the Chinese government continues to use tariff and non-tariff barriers, like investment restrictions and government subsidies, to block access to China's domestic market and tilt the playing field in favor of Chinese companies. These barriers are actually compounded by two imperatives for Chinese leadership. First, they seek to promote China's economic transition to higher value-added industries, requiring technological innovation to boost wages and productivity. Now, in theory, this would entail firm investments in R&D and government support for scientific research, education, and human capital. In practice, it's often incorporated theft of foreign intellectual property, cyber espionage, and requests to transfer technology at the expense of American and other foreign companies. Second, the Chinese government has published targets encouraging domestic companies to be internationally competitive, not only in low-cost manufacturers but in more sophisticated products and services. And Chinese government subsidies that have led to steel overcapacity may lead to high export volumes of electric cars, of lithium-ion batteries, and semiconductors.
China S Industrial Development In The 21st Century
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
China S Industrial Development In The 21st Century written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
How The Chinese System Of Charges And Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts By China S Top Industrial Polluters
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Author : Hua Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
How The Chinese System Of Charges And Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts By China S Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations and enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies.Wang and Chen empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies.Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in China has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution.Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement.Wang and Chen found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement.This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. Hua Wang may be contacted at [email protected].
China
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Author : Ross Garnaut
language : en
Publisher: ANU E Press
Release Date : 2012-12-01
China written by Ross Garnaut and has been published by ANU E Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-01 with Political Science categories.
Twenty-five years of reform have transformed China from a centrally planned and closed system to a predominantly market-driven and open economy. As a consequence, China is emerging as the new powerhouse for the world economy. China: new engine for world growth discusses the impact and significance of this transformation. It points out risks to the growth process and unfinished tasks of reform. It presents conclusions from recent research on growth, trade and investment, the financial sector, income and regional disparities, industrial location and private sector development.