Subsidy Or Self Respect
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Subsidy Or Self Respect
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Author : Kamal Kar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Subsidy Or Self Respect written by Kamal Kar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Community development categories.
Subsidy Or Self Respect
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Author : Kamal Kar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Subsidy Or Self Respect written by Kamal Kar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Community development categories.
Access to latrines in rural areas of Bangladesh is less than 15 per cent. Many international agencies and non-governmental organisations have been working to improve environmental sanitation by constructing latrines and toilets with subsidies provided at different rates. But even after three decades of such efforts it is difficult to find 100 villages form amongst nearly 85, 000 that are totally sanitised and free from open defecation. Success has generally been measured on the basis of the number of latrines constructed within a given period of time instead of the extend of open defecation, which in most cases has been continued unabated. A new approach being pioneered by the author (Dr Kamal Kar, Social and Participatory Development Consultant from Calcutta, India) with Village Education Resource Centre (VERC), Water Aid in Bangladesh and other agencies concentrates on empowering local people to analyse the extent and risk of environmental pollution caused by open defecation, and to construct toilets without any external subsidies. This community-led effort has had a huge impact. Open defecation has been completely stopped by the community in more than 400 villages in Bangladesh, and the methodology is now being adopted in parts of India and elsewhere in Asia and Africa.
Strengthening The Human Right To Sanitation As An Instrument For Inclusive Development
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Author : Pedi Chiemena Obani
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-05-03
Strengthening The Human Right To Sanitation As An Instrument For Inclusive Development written by Pedi Chiemena Obani and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-03 with Science categories.
Over a third of the current 7.3 billion people worldwide are burdened with poor sanitation services. The resulting social, relational and ecological exclusion make the realisation of the human right to sanitation (HRS) a critical concern development concern. However, the literature has evolved in a largely compartmentalised manner, focusing on the formal recognition of the HRS in domestic legal systems, without sufficiently addressing the drivers of poor sanitation services. This research expounds on the impact of the HRS on human wellbeing and the environment within the context of a developing country like Nigeria as a case study. The findings show that contrary to the focus in the literature, the drivers of poor sanitation services are not confined to legal factors, such as the formal recognition of the HRS within domestic legal systems. Rather, the drivers include social, economic and environmental limitations to improved sanitation services. Based on the findings, the book argues that the focus in the literature on the formal recognition of the HRS in national legal systems is insufficient for tackling the main drivers of poor sanitation services. It is therefore necessary to reformulate the HRS discourse using complementary governance instruments that advance social, relational and ecological inclusion.
Unemployment Policy
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Author : Dennis J. Snower
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1997-05-15
Unemployment Policy written by Dennis J. Snower and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
There is substantial disagreement among policy-makers about how governments should respond to the problem of high unemployment. Thus far there has been little, if any, systematic attempt to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the main unemployment policies available to governments in market economies. Individual policy recommendations are usually made in isolation from one another. This book attempts to provide a balanced assessment of the various policy options, including the following: demand management versus supply-side policy, subsidizing employment and training, restructuring labour market regulations, and reforming the welfare state. The book also examines the political economy of unemployment policy and the effect of this policy on productivity growth.
Parliamentary Debates
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Author : New Zealand. Parliament
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1889
Parliamentary Debates written by New Zealand. Parliament and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1889 with New Zealand categories.
Research Report
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Author : United States. National Commission on Urban Problems
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1948
Research Report written by United States. National Commission on Urban Problems and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1948 with Cities and towns categories.
More Than Shelter Social Needs In Low And Moderate Income Housing
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
More Than Shelter Social Needs In Low And Moderate Income Housing written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Building laws categories.
Government Subsidies
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Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-09-01
Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Revolutions In Development Inquiry
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Author : Robert Chambers
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-05-04
Revolutions In Development Inquiry written by Robert Chambers and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Robert Chambers returns with a new book that reviews, together for the first time, some of the revolutionary changes in the methodologies and methods of development inquiry that have occurred in the past forty years, and reflects on their transformative potential for the future. This book breaks new ground by describing and analysing the evolution of a sequence of approaches. Starting with the dinosaurs of large-scale multi-subject questionnaire surveys, and the biased visits and perceptions of rural development tourism and urban-based professionals, there follows a look at the explosive proliferation of methodologies and methods of recent years. These include rapid rural appraisal (RRA) participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and dramatic developments in the still largely unrecognized fields of participatory numbers and statistics, and of participatory mapping and GIS. Chambers shows how these can empower local people and provide rigorous and valid substitutes for some more traditional methods of inquiry. Also presented is a repertoire for offsetting the biases of the urban trap, which has become so serious for officials and aid agency staff. Importantly, Chambers points out that we are now in a different space, methodologically, from a few years ago. He makes the case that participatory methodologies, evolved through creative and eclectic pluralism, can be a transformative wave for the future as drivers of personal, professional and institutional change. This book is for all who are concerned with development, regardless of profession, discipline or organization, who seek to be abreast of the revolutionary breakthroughs in approaches and methods of inquiry of recent years, and what Chambers calls their 'unlimited potentials'. Published with IDS.
Many Dimensions Of Poverty
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Author : N. Kakwani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-01-17
Many Dimensions Of Poverty written by N. Kakwani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-17 with Business & Economics categories.
With representatives from different disciplines stressing the central importance of freedom in analyzing poverty and emphasizing some important policy issues, this book offers a view of poverty that will orient research in directions previously neglected, and help those in charge of implementing poverty reduction policies.
