Government Subsidies
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Government Subsidies
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Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-09-01
Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Economic Determinants Of Government Subsidies
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Author : Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1998-12
Economic Determinants Of Government Subsidies written by Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-12 with Business & Economics categories.
The paper studies the economic determinants of government subsidies using panel data for 40 countries over 18 years (from 1975 to 1992) and finds that individual country-specific factors play a sizeable role in determining government subsidies. But it also suggests several characteristics—a small government, a small external current account deficit, and a productive structure geared more toward services and agriculture than manufacturing—may make it easier to keep subsidy expenditures down. The paper also suggests that globalization and the associated increase in openness are not impediments to reducing subsidies. In itself, an IMF-supported adjustment program is found not to be a significant determinant of government subsidy expenditures.
Government Loan Subsidies
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Author : S. Damus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Government Loan Subsidies written by S. Damus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Business & Economics categories.
Equity In Educational Expenditures
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Author : Jishnu Das
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
Equity In Educational Expenditures written by Jishnu Das and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Equality categories.
Fuel And Food Price Subsidies Issues And Reform Options
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2008-08-09
Fuel And Food Price Subsidies Issues And Reform Options written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Government price subsidies are pervasive in developed, emerging, and low-income countries. A subsidy is a form of government intervention resulting in a deviation of an actual price facing consumers and producers from a specified benchmark price. Subsidies affect consumption and production patterns as well as the distribution of resources, with important implications for the budget, expenditure composition, and long-term growth. They can and often do involve fiscal costs, but not all affect government fiscal accounts in the same way. Price subsidies have spillover effects onto prices and quantities in domestic, regional, or global markets. This paper discusses the key issues and policy options in the reform of subsidies for fossil fuels and selected food commodities, and their implications for the work of the Fund.
Equity In Educational Expenditures
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Author : Jishnu Das
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Equity In Educational Expenditures written by Jishnu Das and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
When there are externalities across households, governments can improve economic outcomes by equitably subsidizing education. But this chain of causality works only if (1) allocated resources reach the final recipients, and (2) equity in public subsidies translates directly into equity in total educational expenditures, including private spending at the household level. Using a unique data set from Zambia, the author shows that whether these conditions are met depends on the specific schemes used to allocate resources as well as the exact form of the subsidies. First, subsidies allocated through clear guidelines and legislated rules reached the final recipients, but those allocated at the discretion of province and educational offices did not. Second, even those components of subsidies that were progressive (in that the share of total subsidies for the poor was greater than the share for the non-poor) had no effect on inequality in total educational expenditures due to the crowding-out of household spending.
Federal Subsidy Programs
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Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Federal Subsidy Programs written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Subsidies categories.
"A staff study prepared for the use of the Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States."--T.p.
The Economics Of Federal Subsidy Programs
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Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
The Economics Of Federal Subsidy Programs written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Subsidies categories.
Water Electricity And The Poor
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Author : Kristin Komives
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Water Electricity And The Poor written by Kristin Komives and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Equity And Efficiency In The Reform Of Price Subsidies
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Author : Mr.Juan Pablo Cordoba
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2000-12-06
Equity And Efficiency In The Reform Of Price Subsidies written by Mr.Juan Pablo Cordoba and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This text provides guidance to policymakers on how to design and implement sound price-subsidy reforms. It draws on the experience of price-subsidy reform in 28 countries. The authors discuss economic and political considerations and make several recommendations concerning the speed of reform and social protection mechanisms. They discuss how the social impact of reform can be limited by establishing cost-effective and well-targeted temporary social protection mechanisms, and how governments can reduce the risk of political disruption by distributing the initial burden of reform fairly and by clearly explaining the costs and benefits to the public.