Government Loan Subsidies
DOWNLOAD
Download Government Loan Subsidies PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Government Loan Subsidies book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Government Loan Subsidies
DOWNLOAD
Author : S. Damus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Government Loan Subsidies written by S. Damus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Business & Economics categories.
Government Loan Subsidies
DOWNLOAD
Author : S. Damus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Government Loan Subsidies written by S. Damus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
Estimating The Value Of Subsidies For Federal Loans And Loan Guarantees
DOWNLOAD
Author : Deborah Lucas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Estimating The Value Of Subsidies For Federal Loans And Loan Guarantees written by Deborah Lucas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Electronic government information categories.
Government Loan Guarantee Programs For Small Business
DOWNLOAD
Author : James E. Hatch
language : en
Publisher: London [Ont.] : School of Business Administration, University of Western Ontario
Release Date : 1985
Government Loan Guarantee Programs For Small Business written by James E. Hatch and has been published by London [Ont.] : School of Business Administration, University of Western Ontario this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Bank loans Canada categories.
Government Subsidy Historical Review
DOWNLOAD
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
Government Subsidy Historical Review written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Grants-in-aid categories.
Government Loans
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Accounting Standards Board
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Government Loans written by International Accounting Standards Board and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Accounting categories.
Subsidies To Chinese Industry
DOWNLOAD
Author : Usha C.V. Haley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-27
Subsidies To Chinese Industry written by Usha C.V. Haley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-27 with Business & Economics categories.
How did China move so swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to the largest manufacturer and exporter in the world? This book argues that subsidies contributed significantly to China's success. Industrial subsidies in key Chinese manufacturing industries may exceed thirty percent of industrial output. Economic theories have mostly portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses and governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets; the flows of capital reflect struggles between critical Chinese actors including central and provincial governments. Concepts of state capitalism including market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder, create complex and relevant understandings of Chinese subsidies. The authors develop independent measures of industrial subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time and effects on world industry: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and for protection from subsidized foreign competitors and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The subsidized solar industry highlights how global business strategies and decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
Public Money For Private Infrastructure
DOWNLOAD
Author : Timothy Irwin
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Public Money For Private Infrastructure written by Timothy Irwin and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Capital investments categories.
Development Finance Institutions
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mark Schreiner
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Development Finance Institutions written by Mark Schreiner and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The purpose of the measurement of the social cost of subsidised development finance institutions (DFIs) is to see if the social benefit exceeds the social cost. In most cases, it is so expensive to measure social benefits that a full-blown social cost-benefit analysis cannot be done. The measurement of social costs, however, is not as expensive, and it can inform choices of how to spend public funds. This paper presents two measures of social cost. The first is the Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) that can measure social cost in short time frames. The second measure is the net present cost of society (NPCS), which can measure social cost in any time frame. Both the SDI and the NPCS model shift the emphasis from prices paid to opportunity costs.
Government Subsidies
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-09-01
Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.