Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel
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Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel
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Author : Anna Al Baqain
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2012-07-19
Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel written by Anna Al Baqain and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-19 with Science categories.
Summary In Israel, more than half of the national sheep flock is kept by Bedouin in the Negev desert. Extensive production systems co-exist besides semi-intensive systems with varying economic success. There is a constant regional demand for sheep meat, but the local supply is not able to cover it. The wide gap between the performance potential of the commonly used and environmentally adapted local Awassi and improved sheep breeds suggests an increase in economic efficiency by intensification of breeding. The choice of a suitable breed for a specific system is seen as key factor for the farm success and requires the knowledge of the animals’ adaptation. Information on the performance of Bedouin sheep flocks under the given harsh production conditions are, however, missing. The purpose of the study was thus a characterization of current production systems, the assessment of the aggregated performance of the different Awassi lines kept in those systems and the impact of socio-economic and production factors on the efficiency of Bedouin sheep production. Also breeding objectives of Bedouin sheep farmers were investigated. The role of new breeding technologies in the ongoing process of intensification of sheep farming systems was analyzed and discussed. Data collection was step-wise with repeated field surveys from January 2007 till March 2009, lasting 6 months altogether. In a first diagnostic survey 30 Bedouin households in the Negev desert, located in two different climatic zones, arid and semi-arid, and keeping a minimum flock size of 50 animals, were visited. Households were grouped into 4 tribe groups according to location and ethnical background. In a second step, 21 households of the previous sample were visited again and grouped according to the breed composition of their flocks and by their use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination. Semi-structured interviews and participative observation yielded information about the socio-economic situation of the household, function of flocks, the livestock husbandry, sheep management and production. Sheep market surveys, key person interviews and secondary data were used for verification of data. Detailed information on sheep was obtained through on-farm performance recording run in 16 sheep farms, including a total of 2420 breeding ewes. Sheep of different Improved Awassi lines were present in those experimental flocks, including the Afec Awassi, carrying the Booroola gene (BB/B+), which has a major impact on prolificacy, and the Assaf breed. In a last step, 56 sheep farmers from different parts of the Negev were asked about their selection criteria for replacement. Trait preferences were derived by a consecutive ranking technique. The data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, general linear models and non-parametric tests performed with SAS 9.1 and SAS 9.2 software. The diagnostic survey revealed that functions of sheep flocks differed significantly between tribes: in the semi-arid area with a main focus on generating income, and in tribes of the arid zone with a higher importance of subsistence related and social purposes. The primary purpose was meat production. The dual purpose of meat and milk was still found in 57% of the farms, yet only 13% of the farms were selling milk products. The missing market access was the main reason for a strong decline in the use of milk, wool and manure during the last decade. Lamb meat, providing the main output of all farms, ranged from 13 to 58 kg of marketable live weight per ewe and year (LME). Classified according to their LME, 30% of the investigated farms followed an extensive, 47% a semi-extensive and 23% a semi-intensive management. Significant differences in meat output were found for the factors tribe group, breed composition of flocks and selling age of lambs. The gross margin per ewe and year varied between -27 € and 54 € and the net benefit per flock and year (NB) between -7,020 € and 20,993 €. Both economic parameters were positively related to the meat output. Negative NB’s were realized by 43% of the farms, belonging foremost to traditional Bedouin tribes, oriented towards subsistence and living in remote areas. Only 27% of economically successful farms generated an income comparable to that of a part-time off-farm job. These farmers regularly used veterinary services to introduce improved breeds and modern breeding technology. Their good market access facilitated a strong market-oriented production, integrating lamb fattening, which had the highest impact on the production success. During the two years of research a severe drought occurred in the study region, causing a decline in LME, due to lower lambing rates and higher mortalities. To adapt to changing conditions, farms keeping the pure local Awassi breed reduced their flock sizes stronger than farms keeping also crossbreds. Consequently, the LME and the NB decreased stronger in flocks of pure local Awassi, compared to flocks with crossbreds. The decline in the NB was 14 times lower in flocks with use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination than in flocks with the local breed kept under traditional management. The lowest decline in the NB and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) were found in flocks with more than 50% crossbreds. Yet, a high variation in performance among flocks with different degrees of crossbreeding was detected. Data analysis of flocks with permanent performance recording revealed that prolificacy was significantly affected by breed, besides farm and parity. Afec Awassi (B+) ewes had a significantly (p
Ensuring Global Food Safety
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Author : Christine Boisrobert
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-11-11
Ensuring Global Food Safety written by Christine Boisrobert and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Taking into account toxicity levels at normal consumption levels, intake per kg bodyweight and other acknowledged considerations, each chapter in this book will be based on one or more proven examples. It is intended to provide specific examples and potential improvements to the safety of the world's food supply, while also increasing the amount of food available to those in undernourished countries. This book is designed to to provide science-based tools for improving legislation and regulation. Reduce amount of food destroyed due to difference in regulations between nations Positively impact the time-to-market of new food products by recognizing benefit of "one rule that applies to all" Use the comparison of regulations and resulting consequences to make appropriate, fully-informed decisions Employ proven science to obtain global consensus for regulations Understand how to harmonize test protocols and analytical methods for accurate measurement and evaluation Take advantage of using a risk/benefit based approach rather than risk/avoidance to maximize regulatory decisions
International Handbook Of Research On Indigenous Entrepreneurship
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Author : L. -P. Dana
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2007-06-26
International Handbook Of Research On Indigenous Entrepreneurship written by L. -P. Dana and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This book offers an original collection of international studies on indigenous entrepreneurship. Through these specific lenses, entrepreneurship greatly appears as a set of cultural values-based behaviours. Once more culture and human values are placed at the heart of entrepreneurship as an economic and social phenomenon.'. - Alain Fayolle, EM Lyon and CERAG Laboratory, France and Solvay Business School, Belgium. `A must-have for researchers of developmental economics, as well as for entrepreneurship scholars, this collection assembles studies of indigenous entrepreneurship from five continent.
The Awakening Desert
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Author : Michael Evenari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Awakening Desert written by Michael Evenari and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Michael Evenari's biography unfolds his exciting, manifold life: his love for botany, the confrontation with political events as a youngster and his thrilling experience of helping in the development of Israel. Evenari takes us on his exciting expeditions in the company of his beloved wife. He tells us of his meetings with many personalities and about his farm in the Negev. The discovery of long forgotten floodwater irrigated farm systems from the times of King Salomon and their reconstruction became a successful experiment which lead him to teach this approach of runoff agriculture in many parts of the world, initializing progress in the development of various arid areas. As a tribute to his successful scientific life, Evenari was awarded the Balzan Prize in 1988. In April 1989, Michael Evenari died at the age of 84.
Book Of Abstracts Of The 60th Annual Meeting Of The European Association For Animal Production
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Author : Scientific Committee
language : en
Publisher: Brill Wageningen Academic
Release Date : 2009
Book Of Abstracts Of The 60th Annual Meeting Of The European Association For Animal Production written by Scientific Committee and has been published by Brill Wageningen Academic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
"This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 60th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP) held in Barcelona, Spain, on August 24-27 2009. It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations. The meeting addressed subjects relating to science and innovation. Also, important problems were discussed during the sessions of EAAP's nine Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems. In addition joint sessions on topics interesting several disciplines and species were included in the programme."
Crossword Lists
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Author : Anne Stibbs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Crossword Lists written by Anne Stibbs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Crossword puzzles categories.
Pastoralism In The New Millenium
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2001
Pastoralism In The New Millenium written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Social Science categories.
Pastoralism refers to the type of farming system which uses extensive grazing on grasslands for livestock production. This type of farming covers 25 per cent of the world's land area and supports 20 million households. It makes substantial contributions to the economies of developing countries, although agricultural encroachment, conflict and drought continue to erode this way of life. This publication considers key policy issues and trends involved in attempts to improve the livelihoods of pastoralist families and communities.
Let Shepherding Endure
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Author : Gideon M. Kressel
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 2003-08-01
Let Shepherding Endure written by Gideon M. Kressel and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-01 with Social Science categories.
Addresses how shepherding communities in Israel and the Middle East might be preserved.
Economies And Cultures
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Author : Richard R Wilk
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-04
Economies And Cultures written by Richard R Wilk and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-04 with Social Science categories.
This synthesis of modern economic anthropology goes to the heart of a thriving subdiscipline and identifies the fundamental practical and theoretical problems that give economic anthropology its unique strengths and vision. More than any other anthropological subdiscipline, economic anthropology constantly questions and debates the practical motives of people as they go about their daily lives. Tracing the history of the dialogue between anthropology and economics, the authors move economic anthropology beyond the narrow concerns of earlier debates and place the field directly at the centre of current issues in the social sciences. They focus on the unique strengths of economic anthropology as a meeting place for symbolic and materialist approaches and for understanding human beings as both practical and cultural. In so doing, the authors argue for the wider relevance of economic anthropology to applied anthropology and identify other avenues for interaction with economics, sociology, and other social and behavioural sciences. The second edition of Economies and Cultures contains an entirely new chapter on gifts and exchange that critically approaches the new literature in this area, as well as a thoroughly updated bibliography and guide for students for finding case studies in economic anthropology.
As Nomadism Ends
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Author : Avinoam Meir
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-06-03
As Nomadism Ends written by Avinoam Meir and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-03 with Social Science categories.
As pastoral nomads become settled, they face social, spatial, and ecological change in the shift from herding to farming, toward integration into the market economy. This book analyzes the socio-spatial changes that follow the end of nomadism, especially in the unique case of the Bedouin of the Negev. The culture of the Negev Bedouin stands in shar