Summary Of Nicholas Mulder S The Economic Weapon
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Summary Of Nicholas Mulder S The Economic Weapon
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Author : Everest Media,
language : en
Publisher: Everest Media LLC
Release Date : 2022-04-06T22:59:00Z
Summary Of Nicholas Mulder S The Economic Weapon written by Everest Media, and has been published by Everest Media LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-06T22:59:00Z with Business & Economics categories.
Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 The blockade of Germany was a transnational economic enterprise that gathered intelligence, produced knowledge, and developed policy instruments to enforce the isolation of Germany. #2 The Allied blockade was one of the most consequential experiments in global economic governance of the twentieth century. It launched the Allies on a voyage of discovery, which led to the control of raw materials and the development of financial blockade. #3 Manganese is a chunky, silver-gray metal found in lumps and arteries in the earth’s crust. It has long been known to have the capacity to harden iron objects. In nineteenth-century Central Europe, blacksmiths used small amounts of manganese when smelting pig iron in their furnaces to produce a tougher, shiny product called Spiegeleisen. #4 The needs of German steel producers drove considerable manganese imports. The transport infrastructure was poor, and the Russian manganese mines at Chiatura were a hotbed of revolutionary agitation.
The Economic Weapon
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Author : Nicholas Mulder
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2022-01-11
The Economic Weapon written by Nicholas Mulder and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-11 with Business & Economics categories.
The first international history of the emergence of economic sanctions during the interwar period and the legacy of this development Economic sanctions dominate the landscape of world politics today. First developed in the early twentieth century as a way of exploiting the flows of globalization to defend liberal internationalism, their appeal is that they function as an alternative to war. This view, however, ignores the dark paradox at their core: designed to prevent war, economic sanctions are modeled on devastating techniques of warfare. Tracing the use of economic sanctions from the blockades of World War I to the policing of colonial empires and the interwar confrontation with fascism, Nicholas Mulder uses extensive archival research in a political, economic, legal, and military history that reveals how a coercive wartime tool was adopted as an instrument of peacekeeping by the League of Nations. This timely study casts an overdue light on why sanctions are widely considered a form of war, and why their unintended consequences are so tremendous.
The Art Of Sanctions
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Author : Richard Nephew
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2017-12-12
The Art Of Sanctions written by Richard Nephew and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Nations and international organizations are increasingly using sanctions as a means to achieve their foreign policy aims. However, sanctions are ineffective if they are executed without a clear strategy responsive to the nature and changing behavior of the target. In The Art of Sanctions, Richard Nephew offers a much-needed practical framework for planning and applying sanctions that focuses not just on the initial sanctions strategy but also, crucially, on how to calibrate along the way and how to decide when sanctions have achieved maximum effectiveness. Nephew—a leader in the design and implementation of sanctions on Iran—develops guidelines for interpreting targets’ responses to sanctions based on two critical factors: pain and resolve. The efficacy of sanctions lies in the application of pain against a target, but targets may have significant resolve to resist, tolerate, or overcome this pain. Understanding the interplay of pain and resolve is central to using sanctions both successfully and humanely. With attention to these two key variables, and to how they change over the course of a sanctions regime, policy makers can pinpoint when diplomatic intervention is likely to succeed or when escalation is necessary. Focusing on lessons learned from sanctions on both Iran and Iraq, Nephew provides policymakers with practical guidance on how to measure and respond to pain and resolve in the service of strong and successful sanctions regimes.
Sanctions
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Author : Bruce W. Jentleson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-27
Sanctions written by Bruce W. Jentleson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-27 with Political Science categories.
"Even before the extensive sanctions imposed on Russia for its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, it was hard to browse the news without seeing reports of yet another set of sanctions. The United States has sanctions against over 30 countries as well as drug traffickers, terrorist organizations and specially designated individuals. China long has been a target of sanctions and in recent years increasingly a wielder against countries and companies even organizations like the National Basketball Association (NBA). Russia also has been sanctions sender as well as target. The European Union has joined some of the American sanctions as well as imposing its own. In some cases the United Nations has authorized fully multilateral sanctions. While being used more frequently in recent years sanctions go back decades, indeed centuries, to such cases as the 432 BC Athens against Sparta and Napoleon's 1808-1814 Continental System. Given such frequency of use, you'd think sanctions were a sure-fire weapon. Yet the record is quite mixed. So some initial puzzles: Why are economic sanctions used so much? What are the key factors affecting their success? These and related questions are well suited for an Oxford University Press What Everyone Needs to Know book. They long have been important among international relations scholars, spanning international security and international political economy subfields. And with sanctions such a recurring foreign policy strategy, they are crucial for policy makers. As someone who has both studied sanctions as a scholar and worked on these issues while serving in key U.S. foreign policy positions, Bruce W. Jentleson is well suited to provide analysis valuable for students, scholars and practitioners"--
National Power And The Structure Of Foreign Trade
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Author : Albert O. Hirschman
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1980-01-01
National Power And The Structure Of Foreign Trade written by Albert O. Hirschman and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Export Controls
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Author : Bert Chapman
language : en
Publisher: University Press of America
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Export Controls written by Bert Chapman and has been published by University Press of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with History categories.
International trade plays an enormous role in economic growth and prosperity. This activity can also be used to transfer military equipment, knowledge, and technology to hostile governments and transnational terrorist and criminal organizations seeking to attack and destroy their enemies. The U.S. and other countries have used economic sanctions such as export controls to try to restrict and eliminate the transfer of weapons and financial assets to these governments and organizations. This work examines how the U.S. has attempted to restrict the export of national security sensitive equipment, finance, knowledge, and technology since World War II with varying degrees of success and failure. It also examines how multiple U.S. Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international government organizations seek to influence U.S. international trade, foreign, and security policies while concluding that some export controls are essential for promoting and defending U.S. national security interests.
War By Other Means
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Author : Robert D. Blackwill
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2016-04-11
War By Other Means written by Robert D. Blackwill and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-11 with Political Science categories.
Nations carry out geopolitical combat through economic means. Yet America often reaches for the gun over the purse to advance its interests abroad. Robert Blackwill and Jennifer Harris show that if U.S. policies are left uncorrected, the price in blood and treasure will only grow. Geoeconomic warfare requires a new vision of U.S. statecraft.
Bankrupting The Enemy
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Author : Edward S. Miller
language : en
Publisher: US Naval Institute Press
Release Date : 2007
Bankrupting The Enemy written by Edward S. Miller and has been published by US Naval Institute Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
"Award-winning author Edward S. Miller contends that the United States forced Japan into international bankruptcy to deter its aggression. While researching newly declassified records, the retired chief financial executive of a Fortune 500 resources corporation uncovered just how much money mattered. The Japanese government had a huge cache of dollars fraudulently hidden in New York that, once discovered, it scrambled to extract. But in July 1941, President Roosevelt froze the money in an effort to "bring Japan to its senses, not its knees." His intentions were thwarted, however, by opportunistic bureaucrats who maneuvered to deny Japan the dollars needed to buy oil and other resources for its economic survival. Miller's analysis of prewar documents, including a massive OSS-State Department study, clearly demonstrates that the deprivations facing the Japanese people as a result of the freeze buttressed Japan's choice of war at Pearl Harbor."--Jacket
Treasury S War
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Author : Juan Zarate
language : en
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Release Date : 2013-09-10
Treasury S War written by Juan Zarate and has been published by PublicAffairs this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-10 with Political Science categories.
For more than a decade, America has been waging a new kind of war against the financial networks of rogue regimes, proliferators, terrorist groups, and criminal syndicates. Juan Zarate, a chief architect of modern financial warfare and a former senior Treasury and White House official, pulls back the curtain on this shadowy world. In this gripping story, he explains in unprecedented detail how a small, dedicated group of officials redefined the Treasury's role and used its unique powers, relationships, and reputation to apply financial pressure against America's enemies. This group unleashed a new brand of financial power -- one that leveraged the private sector and banks directly to isolate rogues from the international financial system. By harnessing the forces of globalization and the centrality of the American market and dollar, Treasury developed a new way of undermining America's foes. Treasury and its tools soon became, and remain, critical in the most vital geopolitical challenges facing the United States, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and the regimes in Iran, North Korea, and Syria. This book is the definitive account, by an unparalleled expert, of how financial warfare has taken pride of place in American foreign policy and how America's competitors and enemies are now learning to use this type of power themselves. This is the unique story of the United States' financial war campaigns and the contours and uses of financial power, and of the warfare to come.
Memory As Prediction
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Author : Tomaso Vecchi
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-11-24
Memory As Prediction written by Tomaso Vecchi and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-24 with Psychology categories.
Theoretical reflections on memory and prediction, linking these concepts to the role of the cerebellum in higher cognition. What is memory? What is memory for? Where is memory in the brain? Although memory is probably the most studied function in cognition, these fundamental questions remain challenging. We can try to answer the question of memory's purpose by defining the function of memory as remembering the past. And yet this definition is not consistent with the many errors that characterize our memory, or with the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origin of memory. In this book, Tomaso Vecchi and Daniele Gatti argue that the purpose of memory is not to remember the past but to predict the future. Vecchi and Gatti link memory and prediction to the role of the cerebellum in higher cognition, relying on recent empirical data to support theoretical reflections. They propose a new model of memory functions that comprises a system devoted to prediction, based in the cerebellum and mediated by the hippocampus, and a parallel system with a major role for cortical structures and mediated by the amygdala. Although memory is often conceived as a kind of storehouse, this storehouse is constantly changing, integrating new information in a continual process of modification. In order to explain these characteristics, Vecchi and Gatti argue, we must change our interpretation of the nature and functions of the memory system.