Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning
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Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning
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Author : Richard L. Trammell
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-07-11
Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning written by Richard L. Trammell and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-11 with categories.
This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled "optional" as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to [email protected], and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach.
Bpy 002 Logic Classical And Symbolic Logic
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Author : BK SAHNI
language : en
Publisher: MeetCoogle
Release Date : 2017-08-24
Bpy 002 Logic Classical And Symbolic Logic written by BK SAHNI and has been published by MeetCoogle this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-24 with Education categories.
This book is useful for IGNOU BA PHILOSOPHY groups of students. It contains previous years solved papers that enable students learn about the subject and prepare for their examinations. A perusal of past questions papers gives an idea of the type of questions asked, the paper pattern and so on, it is for this benefit, we provide these IGNOU BPY-002 LOGIC: CLASSICAL AND SYMBOLIC LOGIC (SOLVED) …. Students are advised to refer these solutions in conjunction with their reference books. It will help you to improve your exam preparations…In this book, Detailed Explanatory Answers have been provided for the questions for Better Understanding of the Candidates. Hope you find it useful and Best of Luck for your Examination. Published by MeetCoogle
Symbolic Logic And Logic Processing
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Author : Bindu Bansal
language : en
Publisher: Laxmi Publications
Release Date : 2012-05
Symbolic Logic And Logic Processing written by Bindu Bansal and has been published by Laxmi Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05 with categories.
Deductive Logic
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Author : Warren D. Goldfarb
language : en
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Deductive Logic written by Warren D. Goldfarb and has been published by Hackett Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
This text provides a straightforward, lively but rigorous, introduction to truth-functional and predicate logic, complete with lucid examples and incisive exercises, for which Warren Goldfarb is renowned.
Introduction To Logic
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Author : Alfred Tarski
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Introduction To Logic written by Alfred Tarski and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Mathematics categories.
This classic undergraduate treatment examines the deductive method in its first part and explores applications of logic and methodology in constructing mathematical theories in its second part. Exercises appear throughout.
Symbolic Logic
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Author : Odysseus Makridis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-21
Symbolic Logic written by Odysseus Makridis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-21 with Philosophy categories.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential elements of standard (classical) symbolic logic. Key topics covered include: · The characteristic nature and scope of logic as a discipline · The construction of a series of distinctly named formal languages suitable for formal translation · Semantic models · The construction of decision procedures · The execution of proof-theoretic arrangements like natural deduction and proof-sequent systems The book covers both the semantics and proof theory of the standard sentential (propositional) logic and predicate (first-order) logic. Other topics covered include: parsing trees, extraction of alternative notations (for instance, Polish notation), Fitch-style proof-theory, sequent and ‘tree’ proof systems, comparisons and contrasts with intuitionistic logic, and presentations of predicate logic models. An ancillary chapter on elements of set theory is conveniently placed at the end and includes insights into the Zermelo-Fraenkel systematization of set theory. The philosophy of logic is also explored. Exercises in the text provide instruction on mathematical induction for the construction of formula, tests for the well-formedness of Polish notation, and functional completeness. Symbolic Logic is essential reading for all philosophy students taking intermediate level formal logic courses and will also appeal to diligent first year students of logic. The text is replete with exercises on both the formal machinery and the philosophical aspects of logic.
The Complete Idiot S Guide To Understanding Einstein
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Author : Gary Moring
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 1999-11-01
The Complete Idiot S Guide To Understanding Einstein written by Gary Moring and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11-01 with Science categories.
You're no idiot of course. You know that Albert Einstein came up with the famous "E=mc" equation and that his hair looked like it had survived a nuclear test blast. But when it comes to understanding his theories and how they changed the world--well, youre no Einstein. Dont go nuclear yet! The Complete Idiots Guide to Understanding Einstein shows how relatively easy--and fun--it can be to learn and appreciate the world of physics and Einsteins brillant accomplishments.
Simple Formal Logic
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Author : Arnold vander Nat
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-03-05
Simple Formal Logic written by Arnold vander Nat and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-05 with Philosophy categories.
Perfect for students with no background in logic or philosophy, Simple Formal Logic provides a full system of logic adequate to handle everyday and philosophical reasoning. By keeping out artificial techniques that aren’t natural to our everyday thinking process, Simple Formal Logic trains students to think through formal logical arguments for themselves, ingraining in them the habits of sound reasoning. Simple Formal Logic features: a companion website with abundant exercise worksheets, study supplements (including flashcards for symbolizations and for deduction rules), and instructor’s manual two levels of exercises for beginning and more advanced students a glossary of terms, abbreviations and symbols. This book arose out of a popular course that the author has taught to all types of undergraduate students at Loyola University Chicago. He teaches formal logic without the artificial methods–methods that often seek to solve farfetched logical problems without any connection to everyday and philosophical argumentation. The result is a book that teaches easy and more intuitive ways of grappling with formal logic–and is intended as a rigorous yet easy-to-follow first course in logical thinking for philosophy majors and non-philosophy majors alike.
Introducing Symbolic Logic
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Author : Robert M. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Broadview Press
Release Date : 2004-05-14
Introducing Symbolic Logic written by Robert M. Martin and has been published by Broadview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-14 with Philosophy categories.
This accessible, SHORT introduction to symbolic logic includes coverage of sentential and predicate logic, translations, truth tables, and derivations. The author's engaging style makes this the most informal of introductions to formal logic. Topics are explained in a conversational, easy-to-understand way for readers not familiar with mathematics or formal systems, and the author provides patient, reader-friendly explanations—even with the occasional bit of humour. The first half of the book deals with all the basic elements of Sentential Logic: the five truth-functional connectives, formation rules and translation into this language, truth-tables for validity, logical truth/falsity, equivalency, consistency and derivations. The second half deals with Quantifier Logic: the two quantifiers, formation rules and translation, demonstrating certain logical characteristics by “Finding an Interpretation” and derivations. There are plenty of exercises scattered throughout, more than in many texts, arranged in order of increasing difficulty and including separate answer keys.
Deductive Logic
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Author : Hugues Leblanc
language : en
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Release Date : 1976
Deductive Logic written by Hugues Leblanc and has been published by Allyn & Bacon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Philosophy categories.