System Theories And A Priori Aspects Of Perception
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System Theories And A Priori Aspects Of Perception
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Author : J.S. Jordan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1998-04-21
System Theories And A Priori Aspects Of Perception written by J.S. Jordan and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-04-21 with Psychology categories.
This book takes as a starting point, John Dewey's article, The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology, in which Dewey was calling for, in short, the utilisation of systems theories within psychology, theories of behaviour that capture its nature as a vastly-complex dynamic coordination of nested coordinations. This line of research was neglected as American psychology migrated towards behaviourism, where perception came to be thought of as being both a neural response to an external stimulus and a mediating neural stimulus leading to, or causing a muscular response. As such, perception becomes a question of how it is the perceiver creates neural representations of the physical world. Gestalt psychology, on the other hand, focused on perception itself, utilising the term Phenomenological Field; a term that elegantly nests perception and the organism within their respective, as well as relative, levels of organisation. With the development of servo-mechanisms during the second world war, systems theory began to take on momentum within psychology, and then in the 1970s William T Powers brought the notion of servo-control to perception in his book, Behavior: The Control of Perception. Since then, scientists have come to see nature not as linear chain of contingent cause-effect relationships, but rather, as a non linear, unpredictable nesting of self referential, emergent coordinations, best described as Chaos theory. The implications for perception are astounding, while maintaining the double-aspect nature of perception espoused by the Gestalt psychologists. In short, system theories model perception within the context of a functioning organism, so that objects of experience come to be seen as scale-dependent, psychophysically-neutral, phenomenological transformations of energy structures, the dynamics of which are the result of evolution, and therefore, a priori to the individual case. This a priori, homological unity among brain perception and world is revealed through the use of systems theories and represents the thrust of this book. All the authors are applying some sort of systems theory to the psychology of perception. However, unlike Dewey we have close to a century of technology we can bring to bear upon the issue. This book should be seen as a collection of such efforts.
Dynamical Systems Approach To Cognition The Concepts And Empirical Paradigms Based On Self Organization Embodiment And Coordination Dynamics
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Author : Wolfgang Tschacher
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003-10-14
Dynamical Systems Approach To Cognition The Concepts And Empirical Paradigms Based On Self Organization Embodiment And Coordination Dynamics written by Wolfgang Tschacher and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-14 with Medical categories.
The shared platform of the articles collected in this volume is used to advocate a dynamical systems approach to cognition. It is argued that recent developments in cognitive science towards an account of embodiment, together with the general approach of complexity theory and dynamics, have a major impact on behavioral and cognitive science. The book points out that there are two domains that follow naturally from the stance of embodiment: first, coordination dynamics is an established empirical paradigm that is best able to aid the approach; second, the obvious goal-directedness of intelligent action (i.e., intentionality) is nicely addressed in the framework of the dynamical synergetic approach.
The Dynamical Systems Approach To Cognition
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Author : Wolfgang Tschacher
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003
The Dynamical Systems Approach To Cognition written by Wolfgang Tschacher and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Psychology categories.
The shared platform of the articles collected in this volume is used to advocate a dynamical systems approach to cognition. It is argued that recent developments in cognitive science towards an account of embodiment, together with the general approach of complexity theory and dynamics, have a major impact on behavioral and cognitive science. The book points out that there are two domains that follow naturally from the stance of embodiment: first, coordination dynamics is an established empirical paradigm that is best able to aid the approach; second, the obvious goal-directedness of intelligent action (i.e., intentionality) is nicely addressed in the framework of the dynamical synergetic approach.
Elsevier S Dictionary Of Psychological Theories
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Author : J.E. Roeckelein
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-01-19
Elsevier S Dictionary Of Psychological Theories written by J.E. Roeckelein and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-19 with Business & Economics categories.
In attempting to understand and explain various behaviour, events, and phenomena in their field, psychologists have developed and enunciated an enormous number of 'best guesses' or theories concerning the phenomenon in question. Such theories involve speculations and statements that range on a potency continuum from 'strong' to 'weak'. The term theory, itself, has been conceived of in various ways in the psychological literature. In the present dictionary, the strategy of lumping together all the various traditional descriptive labels regarding psychologists 'best guesses' under the single descriptive term theory has been adopted. The descriptive labels of principle, law, theory, model, paradigm, effect, hypothesis and doctrine are attached to many of the entries, and all such descriptive labels are subsumed under the umbrella term theory.The title of this dictionary emphasizes the term theory (implying both strong and weak best guesses) and is a way of indication, overall, the contents of this comprehensive dictionary in a parsimonious and felicitous fashion.The dictionary will contain approximately 2,000 terms covering the origination, development, and evolution of various psychological concepts, as well as the historical definition, analysis, and criticisms of psychological concepts. Terms and definitions are in English.*Contains over 2,000 terms covering the origination, development and evolution of various psychological concepts*Covers a wide span of theories, from auditory, cognitive tactile and visual to humor and imagery*An essential resource for psychologists needing a single-source quick reference
Applied Systems Theory
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Author : Rob Dekkers
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-28
Applied Systems Theory written by Rob Dekkers and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Offering an up-to-date account of systems theories and its applications, this book provides a different way of resolving problems and addressing challenges in a swift and practical way, without losing overview and not having a grip on the details. From this perspective, it offers a different way of thinking in order to incorporate different perspectives and to consider multiple aspects of any given problem. Drawing examples from a wide range of disciplines, it also presents worked cases to illustrate the principles. The multidisciplinary perspective and the formal approach to modelling of systems and processes of ‘Applied Systems Theory’ makes it suitable for managers, engineers, students, researchers, academics and professionals from a wide range of disciplines; they can use this ‘toolbox’ for describing, analysing and designing biological, engineering and organisational systems as well as getting a better understanding of societal problems.
Connecting Paradigms Of Motor Behavior To Sport And Physical Education
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Author : Kaivo Thomson
language : en
Publisher: Tallinn University Press
Release Date : 2010
Connecting Paradigms Of Motor Behavior To Sport And Physical Education written by Kaivo Thomson and has been published by Tallinn University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Education categories.
“Connecting Paradigms of Motor Behaviour to Sport and Physical Education” presents recent articles that examine theoretical and empirical research on the learning and teaching of motor skills. The development of the book is based on the effect of synergism – a phenomenon whereby the cooperative interaction of multiple psychological, pedagogical, and biological ideas, drawn from the systemic model, produces an outcome that is superior to that which could be expected from knowledge derived from the independent contributions of these disciplines. For students, researchers and teachers working in the fields of sports and physical education, this book should promote a deeper understanding of previous knowledge, and provide exposure to ideas that frame new perspectives related to the acquisition of skills and motor learning.
Leveraging Transdisciplinary Engineering In A Changing And Connected World
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Author : P. Koomsap
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2023-11-15
Leveraging Transdisciplinary Engineering In A Changing And Connected World written by P. Koomsap and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Simple problems have become rare in today’s technologically advanced world. Problems are typically much more complex, and solving them requires integrative knowledge from several disciplines. Technology alone cannot be the answer. Collaborative teams equipped with knowledge and skills in various disciplines are indispensable to exploit technologies effectively and create new conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and translational innovations that integrate and move beyond discipline-specific approaches to address a common problem in the changing and connected world. This book presents the proceedings of TE2023, the 30th International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, held in Hua Hin Cha Am, Thailand from 11-14 July 2023. The theme of this year’s conference was Leveraging Transdisciplinary Engineering in a Changing and Connected World, and it provided a forum for more than 115 participants from academia and industry to exchange knowledge and ideas connected to this aspect of transdisciplinary engineering. A total of 117 submissions were received for the conference, of which 93 were selected for presentation and publication here following a rigorous abstract and full-paper review process. They are arranged under 7 categories: product design and development; team working; smart operations for value chain management; transdisciplinary approaches; engineering education; critical issues in transdisciplinary engineering; and theoretical contributions. Providing a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations and ideas in transdisciplinary engineering, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.
The Imitative Mind
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Author : Andrew N. Meltzoff
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-04-18
The Imitative Mind written by Andrew N. Meltzoff and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-18 with Psychology categories.
Imitation guides the behaviour of a range of species. Scientific advances in the study of imitation at multiple levels from neurons to behaviour have far-reaching implications for cognitive science, neuroscience, and evolutionary and developmental psychology. This volume, first published in 2002, provides a summary of the research on imitation in both Europe and America, including work on infants, adults, and nonhuman primates, with speculations about robotics. A special feature of the book is that it provides a concrete instance of the links between developmental psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. It showcases how an interdisciplinary approach to imitation can illuminate long-standing problems in the brain sciences, including consciousness, self, perception-action coding, theory of mind, and intersubjectivity. The book addresses what it means to be human and how we get that way.
Journeys In Complexity
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Author : Alfonso Montuori
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-01-22
Journeys In Complexity written by Alfonso Montuori and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-22 with Psychology categories.
In this book, fascinating autobiographical accounts by leading scholars in a variety of fields and disciplines provide a rich introduction to the art and science of complexity and systems thinking. We learn how the authors’ interest in complexity thinking developed, the key figures and texts they encountered along the way, the experiences that shaped their path, their major works, and their personal journeys. This volume serves as an introduction to complexity as well as a vivid account of the personal and intellectual development of important scholars. This book was originally published as a special issue of World Futures.
Systems Science And Cybernetics Volume Ii
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Author : Francisco Parra-Luna
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2009-10-30
Systems Science And Cybernetics Volume Ii written by Francisco Parra-Luna and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-30 with categories.
The subject “Systems sciences and cybernetics” is the outcome of the convergence of a number of trends in a larger current of thought devoted to the growing complexity of (primarily social) objects and arising in response to the need for globalized treatment of such objects. This has been magnified by the proliferation and publication of all manner of quantitative scientific data on such objects, advances in the theories on their inter-relations, the enormous computational capacity provided by IT hardware and software and the critical revisiting of subject-object interaction, not to mention the urgent need to control the efficiency of complex systems, where “efficiency” is understood to mean the ability to find a solution to many social problems, including those posed on a planetary scale. The result has been the forging of a new, academically consolidated scientific trend going by the name of Systems Theory and Cybernetics, with a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary focus and therefore apt for understanding realities still regarded to be inescapably chaotic. This subject entry is subdivided into four sections. The first, an introduction to systemic theories, addresses the historic development of the most commonly used systemic approaches, from new concepts such as the so-called “geometry of thinking” or the systemic treatment of “non-systemic identities” to the taxonomic, entropic, axiological and ethical problems deriving from a general “systemic-cybernetic” conceit. Hence, the focus in this section is on the historic and philosophical aspects of the subject. Moreover, it may be asserted today that, beyond a shadow of a doubt, problems, in particular problems deriving from human interaction but in general any problem regardless of its nature, must be posed from a systemic perspective, for otherwise the obstacles to their solution are insurmountable. Reaching such a perspective requires taking at least the following well-known steps: a) statement of the problem from the determinant variables or phenomena; b) adoption of theoretical models showing the interrelationships among such variables; c) use of the maximum amount of – wherever possible quantitative – information available on each; d) placement of the set of variables in an environment that inevitably pre-determines the problem. That epistemology would explain the substantial development of the systemic-cybernetic approach in recent decades. The articles in the second section deal in particular with the different methodological approaches developed when confronting real problems, from issues that affect humanity as a whole to minor but specific questions arising in human organizations. Certain sub-themes are discussed by the various authors – always from a didactic vantage –, including: problem discovery and diagnosis and development of the respective critical theory; the design of ad hoc strategies and methodologies; the implementation of both qualitative (soft system methodologies) and formal and quantitative (such as the “General System Problem Solver” or the “axiological-operational” perspective) approaches; cross-disciplinary integration; and suitable methods for broaching psychological, cultural and socio-political dynamisms. The third section is devoted to cybernetics in the present dual meaning of the term: on the one hand, control of the effectiveness of communication and actions, and on the other, the processes of self-production of knowledge through reflection and the relationship between the observing subject and the observed object when the latter is also observer and the former observed. Known as “second order cybernetics”, this provides an avenue for rethinking the validity of knowledge, such as for instance when viewed through what is known as “bipolar feedback”: processes through which interactions create novelty, complexity and diversity. Finally, the fourth section centres around artificial and computational intelligence, addressing sub-themes such as “neural networks”, the “simulated annealing” that ranges from statistical thermodynamics to combinatory problem-solving, such as in the explanation of the role of adaptive systems, or when discussing the relationship between biological and computational intelligence.