Tacit And Explicit Knowledge
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Tacit And Explicit Knowledge
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Author : Harry Collins
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-06-15
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge written by Harry Collins and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-15 with Social Science categories.
Much of what humans know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can’t explain how we do it? Abilities like this were called “tacit knowledge” by physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi’s treatment. In Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept’s disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi’s term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if someone put effort into describing them), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe how, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins’s book will at last unravel the complexities of the idea. Tacit knowledge drives everything from language, science, education, and management to sport, bicycle riding, art, and our interaction with technology. In Collins’s able hands, it also functions at last as a framework for understanding human behavior in a range of disciplines.
The Knowledge Creating Company
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Author : Ikujiro Nonaka
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1995-05-18
The Knowledge Creating Company written by Ikujiro Nonaka and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-05-18 with Business & Economics categories.
How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself with the master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.
The Development Of A Tacit Knowledge Spectrum Based On The Interrelationships Between Tacit And Explicit Knowledge
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Author : Timothy Clarke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Development Of A Tacit Knowledge Spectrum Based On The Interrelationships Between Tacit And Explicit Knowledge written by Timothy Clarke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Tacit knowledge is a valuable asset to organisations which is not readily being recognised. Years of experience and understanding of an organisations processes, operations and clients, is being lost on a daily basis through the turnover of employees, whether through natural wastage or in these times of recession a cutting back of the workforce. The loss of this information (tacit knowledge) can be critical to the day to day running of the organisation and in many cases it is irreplaceable. Organisations need to capture this knowledge and turn it into explicit knowledge to enhance the future knowledge capital of the organisation. The undertaking of this thesis is to explore the relationship between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge and their interaction when converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. A review is carried out of current methodologies available to organisations for the management of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. Following the review, cases studies are carried out to test a series of interventions designed to promote understanding of knowledge management and the conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. From the findings of the case studies, it can be found that tacit knowledge is not a single entity that can be converted into explicit knowledge, but it can be broken down into elements, which have to be considered independently in order to facilitate the knowledge transfer process. From evaluation of the research for this thesis, a Tacit Knowledge Spectrum Model is developed to represent the elements of tacit knowledge. The Model gives a clear view of the complexity of tacit knowledge and the inter-relationship of the elements that make up tacit knowledge. By creating a better understanding of tacit knowledge and its elements and their interaction with explicit knowledge, organisations will be better placed to manage tacit knowledge and their knowledge capital.
Tacit Knowledge
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Author : Neil Gascoigne
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-09-03
Tacit Knowledge written by Neil Gascoigne and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-03 with Philosophy categories.
Tacit knowledge is the form of implicit knowledge that we rely on for learning. It is invoked in a wide range of intellectual inquiries, from traditional academic subjects to more pragmatically orientated investigations into the nature and transmission of skills and expertise. Notwithstanding its apparent pervasiveness, the notion of tacit knowledge is a complex and puzzling one. What is its status as knowledge? What is its relation to explicit knowledge? What does it mean to say that knowledge is tacit? Can it be measured? Recent years have seen a growing interest from philosophers in understanding the nature of tacit knowledge. Philosophers of science have discussed its role in scientific problem-solving; philosophers of language have been concerned with the speaker's relation to grammatical theories; and phenomenologists have attempted to describe the relation of explicit theoretical knowledge to a background understanding of matters that are taken for granted. This book seeks to bring a unity to these diverse philosophical discussions by clarifying their conceptual underpinnings. In addition the book advances a specific account of tacit knowledge that elucidates the importance of the concept for understanding the character of human cognition, and demonstrates the relevance of the recommended account to those concerned with the communication of expertise. The book will be of interest to philosophers of language, epistemologists, cognitive psychologists and students of theoretical linguistics.
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Human-computer interaction categories.
Tacit Knowledge Versus Explicit Knowledge
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Author : Ron Sanchez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Tacit Knowledge Versus Explicit Knowledge written by Ron Sanchez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
This paper explains two fundamental approaches to knowledge management. The tacit knowledge approach emphasizes understanding the kinds of knowledge that individuals in an organization have, moving people to transfer knowledge within an organization, and managing key individuals as knowledge creators and carriers. By contrast, the explicit knowledge approach emphasizes processes for articulating knowledge held by individuals, the design of organizational approaches for creating new knowledge, and the development of systems (including information systems) to disseminate articulated knowledge within an organization. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both approaches to knowledge management are summarized. A synthesis of tacit and knowledge management approaches is recommended to create a hybrid design for the knowledge management practices in a given organization.
Tacit Knowledge In Professional Practice
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Author : Robert J. Sternberg
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999-02-01
Tacit Knowledge In Professional Practice written by Robert J. Sternberg and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Those responsible for professional development in public and private-sector organizations have long had to deal with an uncomfortable reality. Billions of dollars are spent on formal education and training directed toward the development of job incumbents, yet the recipients of this training spend all but a fraction of their working life outside the training room--in meetings, on the shop floor, on the road, or in their offices. Faced with the need to promote "continuous learning" in a cost-effective manner, trainers, consultants, and educators have sought to develop ways to enrich the instructional and developmental potential of job assignments--to understand and facilitate the "lessons of experience." Not surprisingly, social and behavioral scientists have weighed in on the subject of on-the-job learning, and one message of their research is quite clear. This message is that much of the knowledge people use to succeed on the job is acquired implicitly--without intention to learn or awareness of having learned. The common language of the workplace reflects an awareness of this fact as people speak of learning "by doing" or "by osmosis" and of professional "instinct" or "intuition." Psychologists, more careful if not clearer in their choice of words, refer to learning without intention or awareness as "implicit learning" and refer to the knowledge that results from this learning as "tacit knowledge." Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice explores implicit learning and tacit knowledge as they manifest themselves in the practice of six knowledge-intensive professions, and considers the implications of a tacit-knowledge approach for increasing the instructional and developmental impact of work experiences. This volume brings together distinguished practitioners and researchers in each of the six disciplines to discuss their own research and/or professional experience and to engage each other's views. It addresses professional practice in its totality -- from the technical to the interpersonal to the crassly commercial -- not simply a few aspects of practice that lend themselves to controlled study. Finally, this edited volume seeks to go beyond the enumeration of critical experiences to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie learning from experience in professional disciplines and, in so doing, to lay a foundation for innovations in professional education and training.
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge Harry Collin S Framework
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Author : Léna Soler
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-11-19
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge Harry Collin S Framework written by Léna Soler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-19 with categories.
The Connected Company
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Author : Dave Gray
language : en
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Release Date : 2014-12-02
The Connected Company written by Dave Gray and has been published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc." this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-02 with Business & Economics categories.
With a foreword by Alex Osterwalder.
Revealing Tacit Knowledge
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Author : Frank Adloff
language : en
Publisher: transcript Verlag
Release Date : 2015-03-31
Revealing Tacit Knowledge written by Frank Adloff and has been published by transcript Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-31 with Social Science categories.
How does tacit knowledge inscribe itself into cultural and social practices? As the established distinction between tacit and explicit or discursive forms of knowledge does not explain this question, the contributions in this volume reconstruct, describe, and analyze the manifold processes by which the tacit reveals itself: They focus, for example, on metaphors, feelings, and visualizations as explications of the tacit as well as on processes of embodiment. Taken together, they demonstrate that the tacit does not constitute a single or unified knowledge complex, but has to be understood in its differentiated and fragmented forms. In addition to scholarly essays, the volume features interviews with Mark Johnson, Theodore Schatzki, and Loïc Wacquant.