Taking Forward Decommissioning
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Taking Forward Decommissioning
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Author : Great Britain: National Audit Office
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2008-01-30
Taking Forward Decommissioning written by Great Britain: National Audit Office and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This NAO report examines the process of decommissioning of the UK's nuclear power stations and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority's performance in using contracts to take forward decommissioning of the various sites, since April 2005, along with what lessons can be learnt. By December 2007, 14 facilities had already shut down and were in the process of being decommissioned. Current plans envisage that most of these sites will be cleared over a 100-year period, at the current estimated cost of £61 billion. The NDA's estimate of the undiscounted future costs of sites over the remaining lifetime, £73 billion, was almost £17 billion higher than the estimate made by the Department in 2003. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority itself was established on 1 April 2005 to ensure the safe and efficient clean-up of the UK's first generation of civil public sector nuclear facilities, with responsibility for 19 sites. Command Paper (Cm. 5552, Managing the Nuclear Legacy, ISBN 9780101555227), which was published in 2002, set out broadly the Government's structure for taking forward decommissioning by allowing competition. The NAO has set out a number of recommendations, including: that the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority should develop its current contract incentives; that the Authority should strengthen its capacity to scrutinise cost estimates; that the authority should determine the reasons for the continuing increases in cost estimates submitted by sites; that the Authority should evaluate the risks from more commercial management of its sites and develop clear and transparent measures of the progress of decommissioning; that the Authority should require site licensees to prepare lifetime plans on the most realistic available funding assumptions.
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Taking Forward Decommissioning
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Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2008
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Taking Forward Decommissioning written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the 38th report from the Committee of Public Accounts (HCP 370, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780215521668) on the subject of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. The NAO produced a report on the same subject (HCP 238, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780102951974). The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) was established in April 2005 with the aim of decommissioning the UK's civil public sector nuclear sites. By December 2007, 14 of its 19 sites had already shut down and were being decommissioned, with parts of Sellafield being cleaned-up. The NDA discharges its responsibilities through contracts with licensed operators at each site. The sites are managed by site licensees, including preparation of decommissioning plans and performing and sub-contracting work. The licensees are owned by four parent bodies. The NDA aims to improve site performance by putting the right to be the parent body out to tender. There is uncertainty over the costs of decommissioning, with an estimate of £73 billion prepared in 2007, up 30% since 2003. The Committee accepts that the legacy of deferred decision making over a period of 50 years is in part responsible for the cost increases, but believes that some of the escalating costs should be avoidable, including short-term changes to the decommissioning programme and the scale of site support costs. Further, the NDA's work has been hampered by the uncertainty in the level of commercial income earned from ageing and unreliable facilities, with the NDA cutting, at short notice, the levels of funding it projected to provide in the 2007-08 period of decommissioning. This has imposed additional costs on the taxpayer, with the NDA providing £31.6 million to cover costs of early contract closure, staff training and redundancy.
Nuclear Law
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Author : Stephen Tromans
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2010-03-12
Nuclear Law written by Stephen Tromans and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-12 with Law categories.
This book is a practical guide to the international, EC and UK law applying to the various uses of nuclear energy and radioactive substances. The first edition was produced in 1997, and given the renaissance of interest in nuclear power in the UK and worldwide, this new, updated and much expanded edition is timely. It will cover the law relating to the permitting and operation of nuclear power stations, the decommissioning and clean-up of former nuclear facilities, radiological protection, the management of radioactive waste and spent fuel, liability and insurance, and the security and transport of radioactive materials. Readers will find a clear framework explaining the development and application of nuclear law, and how domestic law is based on and influenced by international and European requirements and by its historical context. In the commercial context, the chapters dealing specifically with new build and with decommissioning will be vital reading.
Managing Risk Reduction At Sellafield
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Author : Great Britain: National Audit Office
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2012-11-07
Managing Risk Reduction At Sellafield written by Great Britain: National Audit Office and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-07 with Political Science categories.
A report today by the National Audit Office highlights the considerable challenge faced by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority in taking forward the clean-up of Sellafield, the UK's largest and most hazardous nuclear site. To date the performance of some of the major projects at Sellafield has been poor. The Authority inherited a legacy of poor planning and neglect over several decades when it took ownership of Sellafield in April 2005. The Authority achieved an important milestone in May 2011 when it approved a more robust lifetime plan for the clean-up of Sellafield site by 2120. The improved lifetime plan contributed to an increase in the Authority's provision for decommissioning the site to £67 billion (undiscounted) as at March 2012, up from £47 billion as at March 2009. Significant uncertainties and scheduling risks remain, which the authority is working to understand and address. For example, there is considerable uncertainty over the time required and cost of completing facilities to treat and store highly radioactive material held in deteriorating legacy ponds and silos. Today's report concluded that it is too early to judge whether the appointment of Nuclear Management Partners Limited as the parent body of Sellafield is delivering value for money.
Northern Ireland Since 1969
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Author : Paul Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-11
Northern Ireland Since 1969 written by Paul Dixon and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-11 with History categories.
The conflict in Northern Ireland since 1969 has cost over 3,600 lives and about 100,000 people in Northern Ireland live in a household where someone has been injured in a troubles-related incident. This has been a key issue in British and Irish politics and the recent peace process in Northern Ireland and the current ‘War on Terrorism’ has stimulated international involvement and a desire to ‘learn the lessons’ of ‘the troubles’. Although Northern Ireland has a population of just 1.5 million people it is one of the most researched territories of the world. There is considerable controversy over the interpretation of the history of Northern Ireland, not least since 1969. This new addition to the Seminar Studies in History Series provides a comprehensive introduction to the difficult topic, reviewing different perspectives on the recent history of the conflict in Northern Ireland while at the same time providing an authoritative overview. Each book in the Seminar Studies in History series provides a concise and reliable introduction to complex events and debates. Written by acknowledged experts and supported by extracts from historical Documents, a Chronology, Glossary, Who’s Who of key figures and Guide to Further Reading, Seminar Studies in History are the essential guides to understanding a topic.
Nuclear Decommissioning Waste Management And Environmental Site Remediation
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Author : Colin Bayliss
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2003-10-10
Nuclear Decommissioning Waste Management And Environmental Site Remediation written by Colin Bayliss and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Decommissioning nuclear facilities is a relatively new field, which has developed rapidly in the last ten years. It involves materials that may be highly radioactive and therefore require sophisticated methods of containment and remote handling. The wastes arising from decommissioning are hazardous and have to be stored or disposed of safely in order to protect the environment and future generations. Nuclear decommissioning work must be carried out to the highest possible standards to protect workers, the general public and the environment. This book describes the techniques used for dismantling redundant nuclear facilities, the safe storage of radioactive wastes and the restoration of nuclear licensed sites. * Describes the techniques used for dismantling nuclear facilities, safe storage of radioactive wastes, and the restoration of nuclear licensed facilities. * Provides the reader with decommissioning experience accumulated over 15 years by UKAEA. * Contains valuable information to personnel new to decommissioning and waste management.
Handbook Of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies
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Author : Michael I. Ojovan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-01-24
Handbook Of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies written by Michael I. Ojovan and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Radioactive wastes are generated from a wide range of sources, including the power industry, and medical and scientific research institutions, presenting a range of challenges in dealing with a diverse set of radionuclides of varying concentrations. Conditioning technologies are essential for the encapsulation and immobilisation of these radioactive wastes, forming the initial engineered barrier required for their transportation, storage and disposal. The need to ensure the long term performance of radioactive waste forms is a key driver of the development of advanced conditioning technologies. The Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes. The book opens with an introductory chapter on radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies. Part one reviews the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction, incineration and plasma treatment, as well as encapsulation methods such as cementation, calcination and vitrification. This coverage is extended in part two, with in-depth reviews of the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning, including geopolymers, glass and ceramic matrices for nuclear waste immobilisation, and waste packages and containers for disposal. Finally, part three reviews the long-term performance assessment and knowledge management techniques applicable to both spent nuclear fuels and solid radioactive waste forms. With its distinguished international team of contributors, the Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies is a standard reference for all radioactive waste management professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers involved in the development of the nuclear fuel cycle. Provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes Explores radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies including the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning Assesses the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction
Making Peace
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Author : George J. Mitchell
language : en
Publisher: Knopf
Release Date : 2012-08-08
Making Peace written by George J. Mitchell and has been published by Knopf this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-08 with Political Science categories.
Fifteen minutes before five o'clock on Good Friday, 1998, Senator George Mitchell was informed that his long and difficult quest for an Irish peace accord had succeeded--the Protestants and Catholics of Northern Ireland, and the governments of the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, would sign the agreement. Now Mitchell, who served as independent chairman of the peace talks for the length of the process, tells us the inside story of the grueling road to this momentous accord. For more than two years, Mitchell, who was Senate majority leader under Presidents Bush and Clinton, labored to bring together parties whose mutual hostility--after decades of violence and mistrust--seemed insurmountable: Sinn Fein, represented by Gerry Adams; the Catholic moderates, led by John Hume; the majority Protestant party, headed by David Trimble; Ian Paisley's hard-line unionists; and, not least, the governments of the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, headed by Bertie Ahern and Tony Blair. The world watched as the tense and dramatic process unfolded, sometimes teetering on the brink of failure. Here, for the first time, we are given a behind-the-scenes view of the principal players--the personalities who shaped the process--and of the contentious, at times vitriolic, proceedings. We learn how, as the deadline approached, extremist violence and factional intransigence almost drove the talks to collapse. And we witness the intensity of the final negotiating session, the interventions of Ahern and Blair, the late-night phone calls from President Clinton, a last-ditch attempt at disruption by Paisley, and ultimately an agreement that, despite subsequent inflammatory acts aimed at destroying it, has set Northern Ireland's future on track toward a more lasting peace.
Funding The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
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Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Business and Enterprise Committee
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2008
Funding The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Business and Enterprise Committee and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
The NDA is funded by a combination of commercial income and grant-in-aid. For 2007/08 its budget is set at £2,790 million; of this, £1,420 million was intended to be ring-fenced grant-in-aid and £1,370 million commercial income, chiefly from reprocessing but also including income from waste substitution. The National Audit Office report (HC238, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780102951974) identified uncertainty as to whether the waste substitution income budgeted for would actually be forthcoming. There has been a shortfall in the NDA's budget and the large request for additional funding that resulted came at a very late stage in the financial year. The Committee believes the NDA's funding model is unsustainable, particularly in light of the volatile and declining nature of the NDA's commercial income. Public funding will almost certainly have to increase significantly, over and above the current plans. This has major implications for the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (DBERR) which already spends 40 per cent of its departmental expenditure limit on the NDA. A new system of funding is needed, as the Permanent Secretary of DBERR acknowledged, and work on this needs to begin urgently.
A Farewell To Arms
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Author : Michael Cox
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 2006-04-18
A Farewell To Arms written by Michael Cox and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-18 with History categories.
Neither naively optimistic nor hopelessley pessimistic, this collection of writings by experts on the history of the troubles in Northern Ireland paints a realistic picture of the peace processes that have dotted the province's landscape.