Tank Closure And Waste Management For The Hanford Site
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The Hanford Tanks
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-10-10
The Hanford Tanks written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-10 with Science categories.
The Hanford Site (also known as the Hanford Reservation) occupies approximately 1,450 km2 (560 square miles) along the Columbia River in south-central Washington, north of the city of Richland. The site was established by the federal government in 1943 to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. Currently, the mission of the site, under the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is management of wastes generated by the weapons program and remediation of the environment contaminated by that waste. As part of that mission, DOE and the State of Washington Department of Ecology prepared the Hanford Site Tank Waste Remediation System Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS). The Hanford Tanks is a general review of the DEIS. Its findings and recommendations are the subject of this report. Selection of a disposition plan for these wastes is a decision of national importance, involving potential environmental and health risks, technical challenges, and costs of tens to hundreds of billions of dollars. The last comprehensive analysis of these issues was completed 10 years ago, and several major changes in plans have occurred since. Therefore, the current reevaluation is timely and prudent. This report endorses the decision to prepare this new environmental impact statement, and in particular the decision to evaluate a wide range of alternatives not restricted to those encouraged by current regulatory policies.
Tank Waste Retrieval Processing And On Site Disposal At Three Department Of Energy Sites
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-10-12
Tank Waste Retrieval Processing And On Site Disposal At Three Department Of Energy Sites written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-12 with Science categories.
DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.
Hanford Site Disposal Of Hanford Defense High Level Transuranic And Tank Wastes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Hanford Site Disposal Of Hanford Defense High Level Transuranic And Tank Wastes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.
An End State Methodology For Identifying Technology Needs For Environmental Management With An Example From The Hanford Site Tanks
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Author : Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-03-30
An End State Methodology For Identifying Technology Needs For Environmental Management With An Example From The Hanford Site Tanks written by Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-30 with Science categories.
A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.
Tank Closure And Waste Management For The Hanford Site
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Tank Closure And Waste Management For The Hanford Site written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Research Needs For High Level Waste Stored In Tanks And Bins At U S Department Of Energy Sites
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-10-05
Research Needs For High Level Waste Stored In Tanks And Bins At U S Department Of Energy Sites written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-10-05 with Science categories.
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 400 million liters (100 million gallons) of liquid high-level waste (HLW) stored in underground tanks and approximately 4,000 cubic meters of solid HLW stored in bins. The current DOE estimate of the cost of converting these liquid and solid wastes into stable forms for shipment to a geological repository exceeds $50 billion to be spent over several decades (DOE, 2000). The Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites was appointed by the National Research Council (NRC) to advise the Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) on a long-term research agenda addressing the above problems related to HLW stored in tanks and bins at DOE sites.
Nuclear Waste
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Author : Gene Aloise
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Nuclear Waste written by Gene Aloise and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Technology & Engineering categories.
At its Hanford Site in Washington State, the Dept. of Energy (DoE) is responsible for one of the world¿s biggest cleanup projects: the treatment and disposal of about 56 million gallons of radioactive and hazardous waste, stored in 177 underground tanks. Two decades and several halted efforts later, none of this waste has yet been treated, cleanup costs have grown steadily, and prospective cleanup time frames have lengthened. This report assesses: (1) DoE¿s current tank waste cleanup strategy and key technical, legal, and other uncertainties; (2) the extent to which DoE has analyzed whether this strategy is commensurate with risks from the wastes; and (3) opportunities to reduce tank waste cleanup costs. Includes recommend. Charts and tables.
Hanford Site Solid Radioactive And Hazardous Waste Program Richland Benton County
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Hanford Site Solid Radioactive And Hazardous Waste Program Richland Benton County written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Long Term Institutional Management Of U S Department Of Energy Legacy Waste Sites
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-11-09
Long Term Institutional Management Of U S Department Of Energy Legacy Waste Sites written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-09 with Science categories.
It is now becoming clear that relatively few U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites will be cleaned up to the point where they can be released for unrestricted use. "Long-term stewardship" (activities to protect human health and the environment from hazards that may remain at its sites after cessation of remediation) will be required for over 100 of the 144 waste sites under DOE control (U.S. Department of Energy, 1999). After stabilizing wastes that remain on site and containing them as well as is feasible, DOE intends to rely on stewardship for as long as hazards persistâ€"in many cases, indefinitely. Physical containment barriers, the management systems upon which their long-term reliability depends, and institutional controls intended to prevent exposure of people and the environment to the remaining site hazards, will have to be maintained at some DOE sites for an indefinite period of time. The Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes finds that much regarding DOE's intended reliance on long-term stewardship is at this point problematic. The details of long-term stewardship planning are yet to be specified, the adequacy of funding is not assured, and there is no convincing evidence that institutional controls and other stewardship measures are reliable over the long term. Scientific understanding of the factors that govern the long-term behavior of residual contaminants in the environment is not adequate. Yet, the likelihood that institutional management measures will fail at some point is relatively high, underscoring the need to assure that decisions made in the near term are based on the best available science. Improving institutional capabilities can be expected to be every bit as difficult as improving scientific and technical ones, but without improved understanding of why and how institutions succeed and fail, the follow-through necessary to assure that long-term stewardship remains effective cannot reliably be counted on to occur. Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites examines the capabilities and limitations of the scientific, technical, and human and institutional systems that compose the measures that DOE expects to put into place at potentially hazardous, residually contaminated sites.
Hanford Tank Cleanup
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Author : R. E. Gephart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Hanford Tank Cleanup written by R. E. Gephart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.
Hanford Tank Cleanup is a first-of-its-kind report written about the most unique industrial waste ever created by modern industrial society. This waste, some 54 million gallons of radioactive and chemical residue now resting inside 177 underground storage tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in Washington State, is part of the nation's 90 million gallon inventory of highly radioactive waste.