Task Switching And Cognitive Control
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Task Switching And Cognitive Control
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Author : James Grange
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2014
Task Switching And Cognitive Control written by James Grange and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Psychology categories.
This book offers an overview of state-of-the-art research in cognitive control and task switching, which involve the regulation of one's own behavior by reference to internal plans, schedules, and rules.
Task Switching
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Author : Iring Koch
language : en
Publisher: Hogrefe Pub.
Release Date : 2013-03-01
Task Switching written by Iring Koch and has been published by Hogrefe Pub. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-01 with Adaptability (Psychology) categories.
Insights on the cognitive processes behind the flexibility of human behavior that enables us to adapt to differing demands and changing circumstances Human beings perform thousands of tasks each day, often in close succession or interleaved with each other, and "task switching" has become a buzz word. The precondition for calling something a task is the existence of an intention to perform it, in contrast to, e.g., producing unintended motor sequences. The very idea of task switching implies that the flexibility of human behavior requires cognitive control processes that can "re-configure" the task set (taken to broadly refer a specific configuration of representational elements and processing operations) in order to adapt to changing intentions, respond to novel or unexpected circumstances, and deal with problem solving situations. Understanding the functional mechanisms underlying cognitive control of task sets is therefore the holy grail of cognitive psychology - coveted but not easily attainable. The aim of this compilation is to provide both state-of-the art focused reviews on currently intensely debated topics and empirical contributions on outstanding current issues in task switching research. Topics covered include: o The role of cue processing in task switching o Task switching methodology o Episodic memory processes involved in cognitive control o Response inhibition in task switching o The processing of task-irrelevant stimuli o The multitasking mind
Task Switching And Cognitive Control Processes
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Author : Julian Michael Bexendale Breeze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Task Switching And Cognitive Control Processes written by Julian Michael Bexendale Breeze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Self Control In Society Mind And Brain
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Author : Ran Hassin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-12
Self Control In Society Mind And Brain written by Ran Hassin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-12 with Medical categories.
This book presents social, cognitive and neuroscientific approaches to the study of self-control, connecting recent work in cognitive and social psychology with recent advances in cognitive and social neuroscience. In bringing together multiple perspectives on self-control dilemmas from internationally renowned researchers in various allied disciplines, this is the first single-reference volume to illustrate the richness, depth, and breadth of the research in the new field of self control.
Multitasking Executive Functioning In Dual Task And Task Switching Situations
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Author : Tilo Strobach
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-03-27
Multitasking Executive Functioning In Dual Task And Task Switching Situations written by Tilo Strobach and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-27 with categories.
Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.
On Task
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Author : David Badre
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2022-02-22
On Task written by David Badre and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-22 with Psychology categories.
A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain’s critical role in human behavior.
Executive Control Of Cognitive Processes In Task Switching
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Author : Joshua Samuel Rubinstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Executive Control Of Cognitive Processes In Task Switching written by Joshua Samuel Rubinstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Cognition categories.
An Investigation Of Preparatory Processes In The Task Switching Paradigm Using Event Related Potentials
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Author : Jessica Sänger
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2007-03-01
An Investigation Of Preparatory Processes In The Task Switching Paradigm Using Event Related Potentials written by Jessica Sänger and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-01 with Psychology categories.
The ability to flexibly adjust behaviour to changing environmental demands in order to achieve a certain task goal is a crucial requirement of our everyday life. It is thought to be an important component of the cognitive control of behaviour. The task-switching paradigm can be used to examine those executive control processes. A common finding is that alternating from one task to another is associated with a sizable decrement in performance shown as a substantial reaction time and error cost. Although these task-switching costs can be reduced by advance task preparation, residual task-switching costs remain. Neuropsychological studies suggest that the critical cortical region for cognitive control is the prefrontal cortex. However, neuroimaging studies that investigated task-switching processes have rather emphasized the interplay of prefrontal and parietal cortices. This raises the fundamental question about the different contributions of prefrontal and parietal areas in cognitive control. The present study intended to investigate the reliability and validity of electrophysiological correlates that are involved in task switching. It additionally raised the question if task-switching costs reflect cognitive control processing at all. Five experiments were conducted. All of which were theoretically driven variations of a well established cued task-switching paradigm, where participants randomly switched between two simple tasks. The results of all Experiments showed that when subjects switch between tasks, performance is poorer than when they repeated the task, even when preparation time was long. Additionally, event-related potentials (ERPs) have been recorded. It could have been shown that advanced S-R retrieval is reflected in a cue-related parietal P3. This component increases reliably in amplitude when a new S-R mapping has to be defined (Experiment 1 – 4) or a final response decision can be performed in advance (Experiment. 5). Although it does not explain the behavioural task-switching costs, this preparation effect might also be interpreted to reflect cognitive control processes due to the flexible and rapid configuration of response dispositions. Across all experiments the target-related slow wave was consistently related to the behavioural task-switching costs. This component occurs around the moment of the response. Thus, it can be supposed to reflect a process closely related to the execution of the response like the final implementation of a selected S-R mapping. This indicates that task-switching costs, measured with the cued task-switching paradigm, might arise from interference when transferring a selected S-R mapping into a motor program rather than reflecting cognitive control or executive functions.
The Wiley Handbook Of Cognitive Control
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Author : Tobias Egner
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-03-20
The Wiley Handbook Of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-20 with Science categories.
Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions
Cognitive And Affective Control
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Author : Gilles Pourtois
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Cognitive And Affective Control written by Gilles Pourtois and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Traditionally, cognition and emotion are seen as separate domains that are independent at best and in competition at worst. The French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) famously said “Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaît point” (The heart has its reasons that reason does not know). Over the last century, however, psychologists and neuroscientists have increasingly appreciated their very strong reciprocal connections and interactions. Initially this was demonstrated in cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory, and decision making. For instance, an emotional stimulus captures attention (e.g., Anderson & Phelps, 2001). Likewise, emotional stimuli are better learned and remembered than neutral ones (e.g., McGaugh, 1990) and they can provide strong incentives to bias decision making (Bechara et al., 1997). In more recent years, cognitive control has also been found to be intimately intertwined with emotion. This is consistent with an approach that considers cognitive control as an adaptive learning process (Braver & Cohen, 1999), reinforcement learning in particular (Holroyd & Coles, 2002; Verguts & Notebaert, 2009). From this perspective, cognitive control is not a cool encapsulated executive function, but instead involves rapidly calculating the value of situational, contextual, and action cues (Rushworth & Behrens, 2008) for the purpose of adapting the cognitive system toward future optimal performance. A wide array of research has shed light on cognitive control and its interactions with affect or motivation. Behaviorally, important phenomena include how people respond to difficult stimuli (e.g., incongruent stimuli, task switches), negative feedback, or errors and how this influences subsequent task processing. Neurally, an important target structure has been the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its connections to traditional “emotional” (e.g., amygdala) and “cognitive” areas (e.g., (pre)motor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). ACC seems to play a predominant role in integrating distant effects from remote cognitive and emotion systems in order to guide and optimize behavior. The current special issue focuses on the bi-directional link between emotion and cognitive control. We invite studies that investigate the influence from emotion on cognitive control, or vice versa, the influence of cognitive control on emotion. Contributions can be of different types: We welcome empirical contributions (behavioral or neuroscientific) but also computational modeling, theory, or review papers. By bringing together researchers from the traditionally separated domains, we hope to further stimulate the crosstalk between emotion and cognitive control, and thus to deepen our understanding of both.