Tax Policies For Innovation And Competitiveness
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Tax Policies For Innovation And Competitiveness
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Author : Martin Neil Baily
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Tax Policies For Innovation And Competitiveness written by Martin Neil Baily and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Research categories.
Tax Competition Tax Policy And Innovation
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Author : Yuan Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Tax Competition Tax Policy And Innovation written by Yuan Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
My research concerns how governments make economic decisions and interact with other governments, to increase social welfare; in particular, my focus lies in the area of taxation and technological innovation. In a globalized economy with mobile capital, increasing interest has been paid to capital tax policy. My research is among the first to examine empirically and explain theoretically the tax competition among states in the U.S. Moreover, I also study how state governments set their tax rates using historical data and explain why the pattern observed is different from the zero-tax theory. Due to the absence of state-level average capital tax rate data, I first construct a panel dataset of average capital income tax rates at the state level for the period 1958-2007 for the capital taxation studies. In Chapter 1, I analyze the tax policy of each individual state government. Empirical evidence implies that tax rates are history-dependent. I provide an alternative explanation for nonzero capital tax rate, reexamining Ramsey's (1927) rule. With a lack of commitment power from government, households form adaptive expectations on capital tax rates. The equilibrium capital tax rate is thus history-dependent with a balanced-budget requirement on state governments. The investment decision combines income and substitution effects, and the U.S. states differ on investment sensitivity to capital tax rates. I provide empirical findings on investment sensitivity for each state, and then a structural model is applied to replicate the empirical. In Chapter 2, I analyze the pattern of strategic interaction on capital tax rates among states in the U.S. This paper is the first to apply MLE estimation of the SAR panel data model with fixed-effects to study tax competition behavior. Through a joint investigation into both tax competition behavior and capital allocation decision, I demonstrate the existence of capital tax competition among states in the South and West, but competition is less significant in the Midwest and Northeast. I then apply a high-order SAR panel data estimation with fixed-effects to study the impact of population growth on tax competition, and results suggest that faster population growth significantly relates to stronger reaction to changes in neighbors' tax policy. I also apply two weighting schemes of neighbors to validate the findings. A two-period structural model with a saving decision is developed to explain this result. The model features a capital dilution effect which is also tested empirically. In Chapter 3, a quality ladder model is developed in which the technology gap between the North and the South is endogenously determined. A stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) in the South discourages imitation and reduces the FDI cycle length. The optimal IPR strength balances two effects, long-run and short-run effects, and it is non-monotonic in the market size and increasing in the number of imitating firms. The social welfare of the South is decreasing in the FDI cycle length, but is decreasing in IPR strength given cycle length.
Handbook Of Innovation Policy Impact
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Author : Jakob Edler
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-27
Handbook Of Innovation Policy Impact written by Jakob Edler and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-27 with Business & Economics categories.
Innovation underpins competitiveness, is crucial to addressing societal challenges, and its support has become a major public policy goal. But what really works in innovation policy, and why? This Handbook, compiled by leading experts in the field, is the first comprehensive guide to understanding the logic and effects of innovation polices. The Handbook develops a conceptualisation and typology of innovation policies, presents meta-evaluations for 16 key innovation policy instruments and analyses evidence on policy-mix. For each policy instrument, underlying rationales and examples are presented, along with a critical analysis of the available impact evidence. Providing access to primary sources of impact analysis, the book offers an insightful assessment of innovation policy practice and its evaluation.
An Easy Checkoff For Global Competitiveness
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Author : Robert D. Atkinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
An Easy Checkoff For Global Competitiveness written by Robert D. Atkinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Within the last decade a growing number of countries have adopted some form of “patent box” or “innovation box” into their tax codes. So named because they can take the form of a check box on a corporate tax form, these policy innovations generally give companies a significantly lower tax rate on profits generated through patents, research, innovation, or other creative activity. Because the United States competes with these countries in a global market where capital and labor are increasingly mobile, it is important that lawmakers add an innovation box to U.S. corporate tax law. Otherwise, the United States will continue to lose global economic competitiveness, especially in innovation-based industries, and the jobs and economic activities that go with that. And with the implementation of the OECD base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) package, other nations will likely insist on transfer of tangible economic activity from the United States in order to take advantage of their lower rates. The drafters of an innovation box have to address a number of design issues:The type of revenues or profits that qualify for the lower rate. The precise level of the lower income tax rate. This can be set either by creating a new statutory rate for these profits or by allowing companies to deduct a portion of their innovation box profits from their taxable income, thereby exposing a portion of total profits to the normal statutory rate. The events that trigger the lower rate. This can range from obtaining a patent to conducting research and development.As the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation has pointed out, countries have answered these questions in different ways. For example, at the beginning of 2015, 11 member states of the European Union (EU), as well as Liechtenstein and the Swiss Canton of Nidwalden, used an innovation box system. Tax rates for eligible income in these countries vary between 0 percent (Malta) and 15 percent (France). This report provides an overview of patent or innovation box provisions in select OECD countries. It then summarizes the leading proposals under consideration in the U.S. Congress, explains why, contrary to both liberal and conservative critiques, an innovation box would greatly benefit the United States.
Taxation And Innovation
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Author : Pamela Palazzi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Taxation And Innovation written by Pamela Palazzi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Expanding The R D Tax Credit To Drive Innovation Competitiveness And Prosperity
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Author : Robert D. Atkinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Expanding The R D Tax Credit To Drive Innovation Competitiveness And Prosperity written by Robert D. Atkinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The U.S. economy faces a new and formidable competitiveness challenge. Not only has the emergence of a global economy led to the creation of robust new economic competitors, but within the last decade many nations, including most of Southeast Asia and Europe, have made innovation-led economic development a centerpiece of their national economic strategies. Their aggressive use of research and development (R&D) tax incentives is just one indicator of that commitment. Unfortunately, the United States has not kept pace. While we provided the most generous tax treatment of R&D in the late 1980s among OECD nations, by 2004 we had fallen to 17th. Addressing this new competitiveness challenge will require policy makers to take a host of steps, including improving education and significantly increasing funding for research. Yet while these steps are necessary, they are not sufficient to win the competitiveness challenge. Policy needs to do more than boost the supply of innovation resources (e.g., a better trained workforce and increased basic research discoveries); it must also spur demand by companies to locate more of their innovation-based production in the United States. If the United States is to remain the world's preeminent location for technological innovation (and the high paying jobs that result), Congress will need to significantly expand the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit. To do that Congress should: - Make the R&D tax credit permanent, - Double the rate of the regular credit from 20 percent to 40 percent, - Expand the Alternative Simplified Credit, - Create a flat credit for Collaborative R&D, - Allow firms to expense in the first year expenditures on research equipment, and - Exempt the credit from the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax.
Fiscal Policy And Institutional Renovation In Support Of Innovative Country Building
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Author : Jia Kang
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-06
Fiscal Policy And Institutional Renovation In Support Of Innovative Country Building written by Jia Kang and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the onset of the twelfth Five-Year Plan, China has been at the forefront as an innovative nation based on a carefully designed strategy. Despite this, it can be argued that the Chinese government requires a series of more effective and systematic fiscal and taxation policies. This book analyses the status quo and possible optimization of China’s fiscal and taxation policies. By drawing comparisons with other countries, as well as a practical investigation into the lessons China has drawn from elsewhere, the author shows how a nation should make steadily growing and optimized financial investments in science and technology in order to foster the optimum environment for innovation. It is shown that institutional innovation should be a systematic project which involves top-level design and top-down leadership. This volume will be a useful reference for students, scholars, and policy makes who are interested in financial policy.
Innovation For Development And The Role Of Government
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Author : Qimiao Fan
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009
Innovation For Development And The Role Of Government written by Qimiao Fan and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
The book examines the relationship between innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth, the role of innovation in financial sector development, and specific government policies for innovation in China.
Technology And Economic Policy
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Author : Ralph Landau
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Publishing Company
Release Date : 1986
Technology And Economic Policy written by Ralph Landau and has been published by Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Political Science categories.
Tax Policy And Economic Growth
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Author : American Council for Capital Formation. Center for Policy Research
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Tax Policy And Economic Growth written by American Council for Capital Formation. Center for Policy Research and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Business & Economics categories.