Tax Systems Of Africa Asia And The Middle East
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Tax Systems Of Africa Asia And The Middle East
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Author : C. J. Platt
language : en
Publisher: Gower Publishing Company, Limited
Release Date : 1982
Tax Systems Of Africa Asia And The Middle East written by C. J. Platt and has been published by Gower Publishing Company, Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Business & Economics categories.
Of taxes on income and capital gains.
Fair Taxation In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mario Mansour
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-09-02
Fair Taxation In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mario Mansour and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-02 with categories.
Fairness – and what governments can do about it – is at the forefront of economic and social debate all over the world. In MENA, this has been at the core of recent political transitions but has not been adequately addressed. This SDN explores how tax systems – a critical interface between the state and citizens – can play a role in meeting demands for greater economic fairness in MENA countries. The SDN finds that for countries with well-established non-hydrocarbon tax systems (mostly oil importers) reforms should focus on simplifying tax structures and introducing more progressivity of personal income taxes, broadening tax bases, and better designing and enforcing property taxes. Tax administration should be more efficient and user-friendly while simplifying tax regimes will reduce the scope for arbitrary implementation. MENA countries with less established non-hydrocarbon revenue systems can begin with a “starter pack” that includes introduction of low-rate value-added and corporate income taxes, excises, and property taxes while building up administrative capacity and taxation expertise together with plans for introducing a personal income tax. Across the region, effective communication, transparency, and constructive dialogue between the State and citizens are critical to the success of reforms.
Personal Income Taxes In The Middle East And North Africa Prospects And Possibilities
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Author : Mario Mansour
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-02-17
Personal Income Taxes In The Middle East And North Africa Prospects And Possibilities written by Mario Mansour and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Personal income taxes (PITs) play little or no role in the Middle East and North Africa, often yielding less than 2 percent of GDP in revenue—with the exception of few North African countries. This paper examines how PITs have evolved in recent decades, and what they might look like in the next 20 years. Top marginal tax rates on labor and business income of individuals have declined substantially, a trend that mirrors reductions in advanced and developing economies. Taxation of passive capital income has changed very little, and the revenue intake from this source remains low throughout the region (less than 1 percent of GDP on average and concentrated in oil-importing non-fragile states). Social security contributions (SSC) have increased in importance in nearly all MENA countries, and some countries have introduced additional payroll taxes. The combination of reduced marginal tax rates, light taxation of income from capital and business activities, and increase of SSC, have resulted in income tax systems that create disincentives to work and incentives for informality, and contribute little to government revenue and income redistribution. Given differences in economic and political structures, demographics, and starting points, the path to PIT/SSC reforms will vary across the region. Countries with relatively mature PIT/SSC systems, where revenue performance has improved in the past two decades, will increasingly need to balance the revenue and equity objectives against effciency objectives (in particular labor market incentives and infromality). Countries with no PITs will have to weigh whether a consumption tax/SSC system that mimic a flat tax on labor income is sufficient to diversify revenue away from oil and whether to adopt PITs to address rising income and wealth inequality. Finally, fragile states, who face more political volatility and weaker fiscal institutions, will have to focus on simplicity of tax design and collection to be able to raise revenue from PITs.
Remittances Channel And Fiscal Impact In The Middle East North Africa And Central Asia
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Author : Mr.Yasser Abdih
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-04-01
Remittances Channel And Fiscal Impact In The Middle East North Africa And Central Asia written by Mr.Yasser Abdih and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper identifies a remittances channel that transmits exogenous shocks, such as business cycles in remittance-sending countries, to the public finances of remittance-receiving countries. Using panel data for remittance-receiving countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, three types of results emerge. First, remittances appear to be strongly procyclical vis-à-vis sending country income. Second, remittances tend to be spent on consumption of both imported and domestically produced goods, rather than on investment. Third, shocks in the sending countries are transmitted via remittances to the public finances - specifically, tax revenues - of receiving countries. In the case of the 2009 global downturn, this impact was particularly strong for several countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia, whereas in the subsequent recovery in 2010 virtually all receiving countries benefitted from an upturn in remittance-driven tax revenues.
Taxing Africa
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Author : Mick Moore
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2018-07-15
Taxing Africa written by Mick Moore and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Taxation has been seen as the domain of charisma-free accountants, lawyers and number crunchers – an unlikely place to encounter big societal questions about democracy, equity or good governance. Yet it is exactly these issues that pervade conversations about taxation among policymakers, tax collectors, civil society activists, journalists and foreign aid donors in Africa today. Tax has become viewed as central to African development. Written by leading international experts, Taxing Africa offers a cutting-edge analysis on all aspects of the continent's tax regime, displaying the crucial role such arrangements have on attempts to create social justice and push economic advancement. From tax evasion by multinational corporations and African elites to how ordinary people navigate complex webs of 'informal' local taxation, the book examines the potential for reform, and how space might be created for enabling locally-led strategies.
Financing Human Development In Africa Asia And The Middle East
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Author : Rob Vos
language : en
Publisher: A&C Black
Release Date : 2014-01-09
Financing Human Development In Africa Asia And The Middle East written by Rob Vos and has been published by A&C Black this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-09 with Social Science categories.
How much would poor nations need to invest to eliminate poverty, get all children in school and provide adequate basic health care for all? Can they afford it? Financing Human Development in Africa, Asia and the Middle East provides some clear answers to these questions. The contributors assess feasible financing strategies underpinning actions to enhance human development in pursuance of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The contributors analyse these strategies in the context of broader concerns of economic development in nine countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The assessments stress the importance of redesigning macroeconomic policies so as to make these more supportive of long-term economic growth and employment creation, while ensuring sufficient investments in human development in order to end poverty and overcome deep-rooted inequalities.
Administration And Development In The Arab World
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Author : Jamil Jreisat
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-22
Administration And Development In The Arab World written by Jamil Jreisat and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-22 with Social Science categories.
This book, first published in 1986, examines the literature on administration, human resources and development in the Arab world. It emphasizes contemporary societies and their internal dynamics, the least known and most critical aspects of Arabic studies.
Tax Evasion
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Author : Paul Webley
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-08-30
Tax Evasion written by Paul Webley and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-08-30 with Psychology categories.
This book explores tax evasion through an extensive psychological approach, surveys and official records to simulate real-world cases.
Challenges Of Growth And Globalization In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mr.Hamid R Davoodi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-09-05
Challenges Of Growth And Globalization In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mr.Hamid R Davoodi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-05 with Business & Economics categories.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an economically diverse region. Despite undertaking economic reforms in many countries, and having considerable success in avoiding crises and achieving macroeconomic stability, the region’s economic performance in the past 30 years has been below potential. This paper takes stock of the region’s relatively weak performance, explores the reasons for this out come, and proposes an agenda for urgent reforms.
Subsidy Reform In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-07-09
Subsidy Reform In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.