Taxation And Tax Policies In The Middle East
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Taxation And Tax Policies In The Middle East
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Author : Hossein Askari
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Taxation And Tax Policies In The Middle East written by Hossein Askari and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East evaluates the general role that tax policies have played in the economic development of the Middle East since 1945 and proposes some recommendations on how fiscal tools could be better used to promote further advancement in this region. This book is divided into six parts. Part I contains the purpose and outline of the study, while Part II discusses the economic aspects of the major categories of taxes used in most developing countries. The fiscal history and categorical breakdown of the tax profiles of 16 Middle Eastern countries are reviewed in Part III. Part IV analyzes the literature on econometric models that explain differences among countries in tax effort. In Part V, the differences in relative tax efforts across 16 countries with considerations in Islamic history, culture, and natural resource endowment are elaborated. The last part summarizes the entire study. This publication is a good reference for economists and specialists concerned with the taxation and tax policies in the Middle East.
Fiscal Reforms In The Middle East
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Author : Ehtisham Ahmad
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Fiscal Reforms In The Middle East written by Ehtisham Ahmad and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Political Science categories.
This insightful book focuses on the role of fiscal policy in common markets, especially in the context of the supranational constructs in the Gulf Cooperation Council, comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. It draws on the experience of the EU and the importance of VAT, and reflects on the other main common market in Central America. Although oil windfalls have opened a window of opportunity for the Gulf States, at the same time they have created numerous problems. In particular, the uncertainty associated with periods of boom and bust in the oil market has made the formulation and implementation of sound fiscal policies a formidable task. In this study, the distinguished authors present the background to current fiscal reforms and address the critical challenges facing the Gulf States including the choice between consumption and saving (or current needs and future requirements); intra-generational equity issues; the pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy; fiscal sustainability and the prudent management of revenues from finite oil reserves. They examine the case for VAT to substantially replace customs duties, a significant source of non-oil revenue which would be lost as a result of free trade agreements between the GCC and key trading partners. They also demonstrate how an agreed design for VAT would assist in furthering economic integration, and enhance trade and exports. If properly sequenced, VAT would have a negligible impact on both inflation and the poor, and would be progressive in relation to the customs duties replaced. This highly topical book will be of great interest to academics specializing in public sector economics and public finance, and to national and international policymakers involved in fiscal reform.
Taxation Planning For Middle East Operations
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Author : Rose M. Clerin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Taxation Planning For Middle East Operations written by Rose M. Clerin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
If investment in the EEC countries has been the major preoccupation of the international business community in the 1960's, contracting in the Arab states seems to become one of the major trends of the 1970's. The need for multicountry business and tax information was felt simultane ously. Language difficulties, scarcity of legal and other sources, distance and, most of all, the novelty of business expansion in this direction made such information still more necessary than in the European or inter American setting. A few symposiums were held, corporate and tax laws were translated, research studies were initiated, among which the book of Mr and Mrs SIIILLING on Doing Business in Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf States, a rich mine of general business information. I was therefore very pleased when Mrs CLERIN, completing her tax studies at Ecole Superieure des Sciences Fiscales in Brussels, mentioned that she was going to live in the Middle East, had the opportunity to work with a well-known international accounting firm and proposed to focus her final dissertation at the School on the tax planning of operations in Arab countries. She devoted months of research to the study of sources both in Middle East and in industrial ized Western countries, to come up with a true planning study, clear, readable and practical. The description of the tax and corporate structure of the operating territories will be found in the first half of the book.
Fair Taxation In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mario Mansour
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-09-02
Fair Taxation In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mario Mansour and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-02 with categories.
Fairness – and what governments can do about it – is at the forefront of economic and social debate all over the world. In MENA, this has been at the core of recent political transitions but has not been adequately addressed. This SDN explores how tax systems – a critical interface between the state and citizens – can play a role in meeting demands for greater economic fairness in MENA countries. The SDN finds that for countries with well-established non-hydrocarbon tax systems (mostly oil importers) reforms should focus on simplifying tax structures and introducing more progressivity of personal income taxes, broadening tax bases, and better designing and enforcing property taxes. Tax administration should be more efficient and user-friendly while simplifying tax regimes will reduce the scope for arbitrary implementation. MENA countries with less established non-hydrocarbon revenue systems can begin with a “starter pack” that includes introduction of low-rate value-added and corporate income taxes, excises, and property taxes while building up administrative capacity and taxation expertise together with plans for introducing a personal income tax. Across the region, effective communication, transparency, and constructive dialogue between the State and citizens are critical to the success of reforms.
Tax Policy In Mena Countries
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Author : Mario Mansour
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-05-05
Tax Policy In Mena Countries written by Mario Mansour and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-05 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper reviews trends in taxation and revenue in MENA countries over 1990-2012, with a focus on non-resource taxes. On average, non-resource revenues declined slightly, while resource revenues soared. Country experiences vary: rates of main taxes and their revenues tend to be higher in the Magreb than in the Mashreq, except for the value-added tax, where lower rates are associated with equal or higher revenue; most oil producers raise little tax revenues—generally less than 5 percent of GDP—and most have reduced them since the late 1990s. But there are similarities: unlike common experience around the world, income taxes (not indirect taxes) have partially compensated for lost revenue from trade liberalization; revenues from indirect taxes have remained stable; personal income taxes have played an unimportant role as a revenue tool; and fees and stamp duties are significant revenue sources. Looking forward, tax reform challenges will also vary across countries: the Maghreb needs to focus on efficiency-enhancing reforms, especially in capital income and consumption taxes; the Mashreq have some room to increase revenue; and, there are ample opportunities to improve equity and reduce complexity of tax systems in all countries. Finally, the recent decline in oil prices and revenues is a reminder that even resource-rich GCC countries need to lay the basis of a tax system for the future.
Managing Multinationals In The Middle East
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Author : Wagdy M. Abdallah
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2000-11-30
Managing Multinationals In The Middle East written by Wagdy M. Abdallah and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This comprehensive analysis discusses how American and non-American multinational corporations (MNCs) can plan, manage, and control their business activities and invest in four selected Middle East countries: Egypt, Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabaia—and as a special unique feature, a fifth country, Israel. Abdallah covers in detail the tax systems and regulations and their effect on business in the Middle East. He looks at the future of the business environment and its effect on accounting in the Middle East during the first decades of the new century, and examines the role of different local and international organizations that are helping to make the Middle East an excellent place to do business. Combining the Arab countries with Israel into a single volume, and writing in a remarkably clear style, Abadallah offers practical guidelines for Americans and other MNCs, potential international investors, large accounting firms, and even Middle East governments themselves. He helps businesses conduct feasibility studies for joint venture startups in the Middle East countries covered; helps MNCs manage their business more effectively and avoid conflicts with governments or cultural attitudes; offers managers and officers an understanding of Middle East environmental factors that may significantly affect their businesses; helps MNCs evaluate the performance of Middle East subsidiary managers; helps MNCs develop strategic transfer pricing policies that fit Middle East countries and which go according to accounting systems and practices there as well as in their home countries; and goes deeply into the accounting systems and practices of the countries under analysis here and compares them with both U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Accounting Standards. This volume is of special value to corporate executives in or planning to enter the Middle East market, graduate students, and teachers of international business and accounting, and practicing accountants with Middle East clients (or who seek to acquire them).
Effect Of Corruption On Tax Revenues In The Middle East
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Author : Patrick A. Imam
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2007-11
Effect Of Corruption On Tax Revenues In The Middle East written by Patrick A. Imam and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This study estimates the impact of corruption on the revenue-generating capacity of different tax categories in the Middle East. We find that the low revenue collection as a share of GDP there compared to other middle-income regions is due in part to corruption, and certain taxes are more affected than others. Taxes that require frequent interaction between the tax authority and individuals, such as taxes on international trade, seem to be more affected by corruption than most other types of taxation. This suggests that if governments need to raise more tax revenues in a way that minimizes distortions and maximizes social welfare, they should implement reforms that either reduce corruption or raise revenues from tax categories that are less susceptible to corruption. Possible reforms of the revenue system and administration are examined.
Revenue Mobilization For A Resilient And Inclusive Recovery In The Middle East And Central Asia
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Author : Ms. Genevieve Verdier
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-07-06
Revenue Mobilization For A Resilient And Inclusive Recovery In The Middle East And Central Asia written by Ms. Genevieve Verdier and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Domestic revenue mobilization has been a longstanding challenge for countries in the Middle East and Central Asia. Insufficient revenue has often constrained priority social and infrastructure spending, reducing countries’ ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals, improve growth prospects, and address climate related challenges. Moreover, revenue shortfalls have often been compensated by large and sustained debt accumulation, raising vulnerabilities in some countries, and limiting fiscal space to address future shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have compounded challenges to sustainable public finances, underscoring the need for revenue mobilization efforts. The recent global crises have also exacerbated existing societal inequalities and highlighted the importance of raising revenues in an efficient and equitable manner. This paper examines the scope for additional tax revenue mobilization and discusses policies to gradually raise tax revenue while supporting resilient growth and inclusion in the Middle East and Central Asia. The paper’s main findings are that excluding hydrocarbon revenues, the region’s average tax intake lags those of other regions; the region’s fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) face particular challenges in mobilizing tax revenue; In general, there is considerable scope to raise additional tax revenue; countries have made efforts to raise tax collection, but challenges remain; tax policy design, notably low tax rates and pervasive tax exemptions, is an important factor driving tax revenue shortfalls; weak tax compliance, reflecting both structural features and challenges in revenue administration, also plays a role; and personal income tax systems in the region vary in their progressivity—the extent to which the average tax rate increases with income—and in their ability to redistribute income. These findings provide insights for policy action to raise revenue while supporting resilient growth and inclusion. The paper’s analysis points to these priorities for the region to improve both efficiency and equity of tax systems: improving tax policy design to broaden the tax base and increase progressivity and redistributive capacity; strengthening revenue administration to improve compliance; and implementing structural reforms to incentivize tax compliance, formalization, and economic diversification.
Managing Multinationals In The Middle East
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Author : Wagdy Moustafa Abdallah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Managing Multinationals In The Middle East written by Wagdy Moustafa Abdallah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Corporations categories.
Taxes And Investment In The Middle East
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Author : International bureau of fiscal documentation ( Amsterdam)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Taxes And Investment In The Middle East written by International bureau of fiscal documentation ( Amsterdam) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Corporation law categories.