Th Thorium Supplement Volume C 8
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Th Thorium Supplement Volume C 8
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Author : Michael Bickel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Th Thorium Supplement Volume C 8 written by Michael Bickel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
This volume comprises the compounds of thorium with the 4th main group elements silicon and germanium and all 5th main group elements except nitrogen. On the subject of ternary and polynary compounds containing oxygen, only those compounds with phosphorus are included (e.g., phosphates, hypophosphates, or phosphinates). Similar compounds of the other ele ments like silicates, arsenates, etc. were already treated in "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. C 2, 1976. Most of the compounds in the different systems treated in this volume are of scientific interest because of their special physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, there are also many compounds wh ich are of specific technological interest, mainly in the nuclear field. Refractory compounds like ThSi or ThP have potential interest as nuclear fuel for special reactors due to their physical properties like good heat conductivity and their chemical stability, e.g., against the corrosion of cladding alloys for nuclear fuel elements. Due to the present situation in the further development of the thorium nuclear fuel cycle, their large potential has not yet been fully investigated. For most of the binary and ternary phases in these systems, we presently have good knowledge about the preparation of the compounds and their physical and chemical properties. But nevertheless, there are still a lot of open questions concerning phase equilibria, solid solutions, and homogeneity of some of the phases described in this volume.
Th Thorium
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Author : R. Benz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Th Thorium written by R. Benz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
This volume C 3, as a part of the Gmelin "Thorium" Handbook, Series C, describes the thorium-nitrogen compounds. Included are compounds both of technological importance like the nitrides and the nitrates and those of merely scientific interest, such as amides and related compounds. However, due to the decreasing technical importance of the nuclear thorium fuel cycle, especially with the advanced fuels like the nitride ThN, in recent years, the thorium compounds with nitrogen have been investigated much less extensively than the correspond ing uranium compounds. In order to have the data for the Th-N-X systems accumulated in one specific volume, the decision was made to publish this volume without incorporating other Th systems. ThN is the compound with the lowest N :Th ratio. In addition to its (former) nuclear interest due to its thermal and radiation stability, it has many very interesting physicochemical properties. Thorium nitrate, the other well-investigated compound, is of importance because it is (in the form of an adduct with tri-n-butylphosphate) the extracted compound when burnt-up thorium fuels are reprocessed. Despite the wealth of accumulated data on the chemical and physicochemical properties of the compounds discussed, the knowledge of the compounds and of the systems is far from satisfactory - it must be deepened and improved in further studies. I would like to thank the competent authors for their critical contributions as well as the Gmelin-Institute for the excellent cooperation provided, especially Prof. Dr. Fluck and Dr. Keim, the editor-in-chief of this volume.
Th Thorium Supplement Volume C 8
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Author : Michael Bickel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1993-11-30
Th Thorium Supplement Volume C 8 written by Michael Bickel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-11-30 with Science categories.
This volume comprises the compounds of thorium with the 4th main group elements silicon and germanium and all 5th main group elements except nitrogen. On the subject of ternary and polynary compounds containing oxygen, only those compounds with phosphorus are included (e.g., phosphates, hypophosphates, or phosphinates). Similar compounds of the other ele ments like silicates, arsenates, etc. were already treated in "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. C 2, 1976. Most of the compounds in the different systems treated in this volume are of scientific interest because of their special physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, there are also many compounds wh ich are of specific technological interest, mainly in the nuclear field. Refractory compounds like ThSi or ThP have potential interest as nuclear fuel for special reactors due to their physical properties like good heat conductivity and their chemical stability, e.g., against the corrosion of cladding alloys for nuclear fuel elements. Due to the present situation in the further development of the thorium nuclear fuel cycle, their large potential has not yet been fully investigated. For most of the binary and ternary phases in these systems, we presently have good knowledge about the preparation of the compounds and their physical and chemical properties. But nevertheless, there are still a lot of open questions concerning phase equilibria, solid solutions, and homogeneity of some of the phases described in this volume.
Th Thorium
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Author : Reiner Ditz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Th Thorium written by Reiner Ditz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The Supplement Volumes A 2, A 3, A 4, and A 5 with the history, isotopes, uses, the recovery of thorium and general properties of thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics of its compounds and solutions, spectroscopic data and analytical chemistry, biological behavior, health protection and safety control have already been published. The Supplement Volumes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds are also available; also have been published Supplement Volumes C 5 and C 7 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron, carbonates, thiocynates, alkoxides, and carboxylates. The Supplement Volumes D 1, D 2, and D 3 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium as well as Supplement Volume E describing the coordination compounds also have been published. The present volume begins, in a summary fashion, with a description of the natural occurrence of the element Th. Especially stressed are those facts that are most important in understanding its geological distribution on Earth (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., diadochy and metamictization of minerals). Attached is a tabulation of the highest reported Th or ThO2 content in minerals that normally (by their crystal-chemical formula) do not contain Th. The main part of the present volume describes the minerals of Th. As can be seen from the crystal-chemical formulas, there are, in addition to a few minerals containing Th as the sole cation, a number of minerals that contain Th as an additional cation or as a diadochic element. In the case of diadochic substitution the mineral may represent a Th-rich end member of a solid-solution series and, therefore, is described as a separate Th mineral, or may only sporadically contain higher amounts of Th (no mineral description is given). The mineral descriptions, in this volume including oxides, carbonates and phosphates/siliconphosphates of Th, comprise the following topics: occurence; chemistry; crystal form and structure; optical and other physical properties; and chemical and thermal behavior. The silicates of Th and the deposits of Th will be described in the volume "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. A 1b, that also contains a mineral index for both volumes.
Th
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Th written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Technology Uses Irradiated Fuel Reprocessing
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Author : J.R. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1988-09-16
Technology Uses Irradiated Fuel Reprocessing written by J.R. Allen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-09-16 with Science categories.
In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The supplement volume A 2 comprising the history, isotopes and the recovery of thorium and the supplement volumes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds have already been published; also published is supplement volume C 5 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron. The supplement volume D 1 and D 2 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium, as well as supplement volume E describing the coordination compounds have also been published. The present volume deals with the technical fabrication of important thorium compounds and their uses in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. It also describes in detail the behavior of thorium nuclear fuels during operation of a nuclear power plant as well as the reprocessing of burnt-up thorium fuels. By far the most important Th compound is ThO2 due to its high chemical and thermal stability as well as its high melting point near 3000°C, the highest for any metal oxide. The inherent radioactivity of 232Th and the formation of radioactive daughter products are important limiting factors in the technical scale use of thorium compounds because of necessary radiation protection measures and of health physics. 232Th is transformed by neutrons to the fissile uranium isotope 233U. Thorium therefore is an excellent breeding material, especially for high-temperature reactors. A lot of basic and technical investigations for reprocessing of spent thorium fuel have to be done; no such reprocessing plants exist as yet.
Technology Uses Irradiated Fuel Reprocessing
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Author : J.R. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1988-09-16
Technology Uses Irradiated Fuel Reprocessing written by J.R. Allen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-09-16 with Science categories.
In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The supplement volume A 2 comprising the history, isotopes and the recovery of thorium and the supplement volumes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds have already been published; also published is supplement volume C 5 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron. The supplement volume D 1 and D 2 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium, as well as supplement volume E describing the coordination compounds have also been published. The present volume deals with the technical fabrication of important thorium compounds and their uses in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. It also describes in detail the behavior of thorium nuclear fuels during operation of a nuclear power plant as well as the reprocessing of burnt-up thorium fuels. By far the most important Th compound is ThO2 due to its high chemical and thermal stability as well as its high melting point near 3000°C, the highest for any metal oxide. The inherent radioactivity of 232Th and the formation of radioactive daughter products are important limiting factors in the technical scale use of thorium compounds because of necessary radiation protection measures and of health physics. 232Th is transformed by neutrons to the fissile uranium isotope 233U. Thorium therefore is an excellent breeding material, especially for high-temperature reactors. A lot of basic and technical investigations for reprocessing of spent thorium fuel have to be done; no such reprocessing plants exist as yet.
Th Thorium
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Th Thorium written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Gmelin Handbook Of Inorganic Chemistry
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Author : Gmelin-Institut für anorganische Chemie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Gmelin Handbook Of Inorganic Chemistry written by Gmelin-Institut für anorganische Chemie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Thorium categories.
Analysis Biology
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Author : Dieter Feinauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1989-11-29
Analysis Biology written by Dieter Feinauer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-11-29 with Science categories.
In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The supplement volumes A 2, A 3 and A 4 with the history, isotopes, uses, the recovery of thorium and general properties of thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics of its compounds and solutions, and spectroscopic data have already been published. The supplement vol- umes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds are also available; also has been pu- blished Supplement Volume C 5 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron. The Supplement Volume D 1 and D 2 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium as well as Supplement Volume E de- scribing the coordination compounds also have been published. The present supplement volume A 5 of the Gmelin Handbook "Thorium" is devoted to the analytical chem- istry of this element, to its biological behavior and to health protection and safety control, including the monitoring of occupational exposure received by personnel. The analytical chemistry of thorium relies mainly on the so-called "classical" determination methods like gravimetric, volumetric, and spectrometric methods. Radiometric methods find also large application in the analytical chemistry of thorium. Presently we have a good understanding of the biological behavior of this danger- ous radioelement, together with a broad knowledge of its metabolism and its effects on humans. The therapeutic decorporation of thorium is also treated in this volume.
