The Allocation Of Multinational Business Income Reassessing The Formulary Apportionment Option
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The Allocation Of Multinational Business Income Reassessing The Formulary Apportionment Option
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Author : Richard Krever
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2020-02-20
The Allocation Of Multinational Business Income Reassessing The Formulary Apportionment Option written by Richard Krever and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-20 with Law categories.
The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option Edited by Richard Krever & François Vaillancourt Although arm’s length methodology continues to prevail in international taxation policy, it has long been replaced by the formulary apportionment method at the subnational level in a few federal countries. Its use is planned for international profit allocation as an element of the European Union’s CCCTB proposals. In this timely book – a global guide to formulary apportionment, both as it exists in practice and how it might function internationally – a knowledgeable group of contributors from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, address this actively debated topic, both in respect of its technical aspects and its promise as a global response to the avoidance, distortions, and unfairness of current allocation systems. Drawing on a wealth of literature considering formulary apportionment in the international sphere and considering decades of experience with the system in the states and provinces of the United States and Canada, the contributors explicate and examine such pertinent issues as the following: the debate about what factors should be used to allocate profits under a formulary apportionment system and experience in jurisdictions using formulary apportionment; application of formulary apportionment in specific sectors such as digital enterprises and the banking industry; the political economy of establishing and maintaining a successful formulary apportionment regime; formulary apportionment proposals for Europe; the role of traditional tax criteria such as economic efficiency, fairness, ease of administration, and robustness to avoidance and incentive compatibility; determining which parts of a multinational group are included in a formulary apportionment unit; and whether innovative profit-split methodologies such as those developed by China are shifting traditional arm’s length methods to a quasi-formulary apportionment system. Providing a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the formulary apportionment option, this state of the art summary of history, current practice, proposals and prospects in the ongoing debate over arm’s length versus formulary apportionment methodologies will be welcomed by practitioners, policy-makers, and academics concerned with international taxation, all of whom will gain an understanding of the case put forward by proponents for adoption of formulary apportionment in Europe and globally and the counter-arguments they face. Readers will acquire a better understanding of the implications of formulary apportionment and its central role in the current debate about the future of international taxation rules. “...providing (sic) all the intellectual ammunition needed to carefully re-examine one of the ideas traditionally considered as apocryphal by the OECD and to a significant portion of the tax professional community...readers of this book will come away not only with a renewed understanding of the multiple facets of formulary apportionment, but also of some of the fundamental pressure points in the international tax system. Accordingly, it is a welcome and timely addition to the literature. ” Dr. Stjepan Gadžo, Assistant Professor at University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law / British Tax Review 2021, Issue 2, p243-246
Tax And Technology
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Author : Annika Streicher
language : en
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2023-10-13
Tax And Technology written by Annika Streicher and has been published by Linde Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-13 with Law categories.
The challenges and opportunities of new technologies in the tax field Technological developments induced major reforms in the regulatory international and domestic tax landscapes as well as in the developments in the use of technology by tax administrations and taxpayers. New technology, especially the innovations in virtual asset-light cross-border business organizations, data analytics, service and process automation, on one hand, disrupted the well-established legal tax principles and rules and, on the other, stimulated informed data-driven and structured solutions in tax compliance. Technological advances affected nearly every area and each aspect of taxation: Direct tax regulations, indirect tax law, and tax procedures including tax compliance, and tax control functions. International organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), and the European Commission as a supranational organization fostered critical legislative reforms and proposals among which are the OECD Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation of the Economy, Article 12B of the UN Model Tax Convention to tax automated digital services, new rules for tracing transfers of crypto-assets in the EU, as well as the EU ́s VAT e-commerce package and "VAT in the Digital Age" package. While these proposals aim to address a wide range of the benefits and challenges of Economy 4.0, certain questions arise concerning the consistency of the legislative developments with their initial objectives, the appropriateness of the legal form for the economic substance of the regulated relations for the effectiveness of the regulations as well as their coherence. This volume contains a collection of scientific chapters on the general topic "Tax and Technology" that were successfully completed by the 2022/2023 LL.M. graduates of the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law, WU. The volume is divided into three parts that contain the contributions dealing with the impact of the technology on international tax law, indirect tax law, and procedural law. Each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of a unique research question aiming to innovatively contribute to the current debate and develop a practical approach for implementing the findings.
Towards A Neutral Formulary Apportionment System In Regional Integration
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Author : Shu-Chien Chen
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2023-03-09
Towards A Neutral Formulary Apportionment System In Regional Integration written by Shu-Chien Chen and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-09 with Law categories.
International tax regimes and practices are heavily criticized for failing to fairly levy corporate tax on giant multinational taxpayers in the current globalized and digitalized world. This important and far-seeing book demonstrates how formulary apportionment (FA) – an approach by which a multinational corporation pays each jurisdiction’s corporate tax based on the share of its worldwide income allocated to that jurisdiction – can achieve the much-sought goal of aligning value creation and taxation. The author, through an intensive analysis of the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Directive Proposal(s) and comparison to the United States (US’s) formulary apportionment experience, shows how the perceived problems with an FA system can be overcome and lays out the necessary elements for its feasibility. With detailed attention to the debates around formulary apportionment and its theoretical foundations, the book provides a blueprint for rebuilding the normative framework for the EU’s tax reform by clearly analysing the implications of the following and more: theorising public benefits to be represented by taxation; reorganising different economic theories about tax neutrality and tax justice; advancing the comparative legal research methodology to analyse law reform by combining the functional approach and the problem-solving approach; designing the logical formulary apportionment system for digital economy; ensuring the removal of the incentive for multinationals to shift reported income to low-tax locations; reducing the tax system’s complexity and the administrative burden it imposes on firms; eliminating transfer pricing complexity for intra-firm transactions; achieving equal weighting of the sales factor, the labour factor, and the asset factor in the formula; application of ‘destination-based’ rule for attributing the sales factor; and replacing the traditional permanent establishment nexus with a ‘factor presence nexus’. The presentation incorporates extensive comparison between the EU’s formulary apportionment tax reform option and FA systems existing in the United States (US) at state level, including reference to relevant US case law and legislation. As a possible option to address the problem of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), formulary apportionment is gaining increasing acceptance and attention. This book will prove invaluable to taxation authorities, tax practitioners, and scholars in its deeply informed and systematic guidance on good practices and prevention of problematic experiences in establishing and implementing an effective and market-neutral FA system.
International Tax At The Crossroads
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Author : Craig Elliffe
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-12-11
International Tax At The Crossroads written by Craig Elliffe and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-11 with Law categories.
In light of the significant transformations affecting international tax in recent years, this book offers in-depth examinations on a series of key issues on the taxation of cross-border transactions. Craig Elliffe brings together a wealth of acclaimed legal academics to consider how the Inclusive Framework (IF) is responding to the ways in which highly digitalised businesses operate.
The Oxford Handbook Of International Tax Law
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Author : Florian Haase
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-10-13
The Oxford Handbook Of International Tax Law written by Florian Haase and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-13 with Law categories.
International Tax Law is at a turning point. Increased tax transparency, the tackling of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), the reconstruction of the network of bilateral tax treaties, the renewed discussion about a fair and efficient allocation of taxing rights between States in a global, digitalized economy, and the bold push for minimum corporate taxation are some expressions of this shift. This new era also demonstrates the increased influence of international standard setters such as the OECD, the UN, and the EU. Each of these developments alone has the potential of being disruptive to the traditional world of international tax law, but together they have the potential to reshape the international tax system. The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law provides a comprehensive exploration of these key issues which will shape the future of tax law. Divided into eight parts, this handbook traces the history of international tax law from its earliest days until the present, including reflections on the developments that have characterized the last one hundred years. The second section places tax law within the broader international context considering how it relates to public and private international law, as well as corporate, trade, and criminal law. Sections three and four consider key legal principles and issues such as regional tax treaty models, OECD dispute resolution, and transfer pricing versus formulary apportionment. Subsequent analysis places these issues within their European and cross-border contexts providing an assessment of the role of the ECJ, state aid, and cross-border VAT. Section seven broadens the scope of this analysis, asking how trends in recent major economies and regions have helped shape the current outlook. The final section considers emerging issues and the future of international tax law. With over sixty authors from 28 different countries, the Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law is an invaluable resource for scholars, academics, and practitioners alike.
Tax Public Finance And The Rule Of Law
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Author : Dominic de Cogan
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2025-02-20
Tax Public Finance And The Rule Of Law written by Dominic de Cogan and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-20 with Law categories.
This book offers a key point of reference for reflective and thoughtful examinations of the rule of law in tax and related disciplines. It features a stellar cast of established and early-career researchers from a variety of jurisdictions who have entered into conversations about the nature of the rule of law; its relevance to questions about tax, welfare, distribution and public spending; and the challenges involved in applying legal standards in these fields. There is a particular focus on the interaction between the rule of law and the rapidly emerging world of cross-border tax avoidance, reforms influenced by the OECD's Base Erosion and Profits Shifting project and the evolution of EU-level governance over direct as well as indirect taxes. The book is accessible to those new to taxation and public finance as well as to experts, and to lawyers and non-lawyers alike.
Taxing Profit In A Global Economy
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Author : Michael P. Devereux
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-29
Taxing Profit In A Global Economy written by Michael P. Devereux and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-29 with Business & Economics categories.
1:Introduction 2:Key issues in taxing profit 3:The current international tax system 4:Fundamental reform options 5:Basic choices in considering reform 6:Residual profit allocation by income 7:Destination-based cash flow taxation.
The Dynamics Of Taxation
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Author : Glen Loutzenhiser
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2020-10-15
The Dynamics Of Taxation written by Glen Loutzenhiser and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-15 with Law categories.
This book brings together a landmark collection of essays on tax law and policy to celebrate the legacy of Professor Judith Freedman. It focuses on the four areas of taxation scholarship to which she made her most notable contributions: taxation of SMEs and individuals, tax avoidance, tax administration, and taxpayers' rights and procedures. Professor Freedman has been a major driving force behind the development of tax law and policy scholarship, not only in the UK, but worldwide. The strength and diversity of the contributors to this book highlight the breadth of Professor Freedman's impact within tax scholarship. The list encompasses some of the most renowned taxation experts worldwide; they include lawyers, economists, academics and practitioners, from Britain, Canada, Portugal, Australia, Germany, Italy, Malta, Ireland, and Ukraine.
Tax Theory Applied To The Digital Economy
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Author : Cristian Óliver Lucas-Mas
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2021-03-04
Tax Theory Applied To The Digital Economy written by Cristian Óliver Lucas-Mas and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This book analyzes the tax disruptive aspects of new digital business models to determine the need for new tax measures to address the tax challenges of the digitalization of the economy, and presents a proposal for the adoption of a Digital Data Tax (DDT) and a Global Internet Tax Agency (GITA).
Residence And Economic Substance Of Subsidiary Corporations In International And European Tax Law
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Author : Savvas Kostikidis
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2024-10-10
Residence And Economic Substance Of Subsidiary Corporations In International And European Tax Law written by Savvas Kostikidis and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-10 with Law categories.
Series on International Taxation Residence and Economic Substance of Subsidiary Corporations in International and European Tax Law It is well known that multinational corporations establish foreign subsidiaries in great measure to reduce their worldwide tax burden. This groundbreaking book examines the content of the substance requirement in double tax convention residence rules, transfer pricing rules, anti-abuse rules, and controlled foreign corporation rules in the context of international and EU tax law, disentangling the complex relationship between the substance requirements in these four sets of legal rules. Following a descriptive-analytic method, for each substance requirement of the four sets of legal rules, the discussion deals with the content of economic substance in complex scenarios, for example: holding companies; special purpose vehicles; loss-making subsidiaries; subsidiaries with management in more than one state; subsidiaries managed by the parent company; outsourcing; and subsidiaries ‘borrowing’ the substance of other group companies. The author introduces a new method of assessment of substance requirements, offering practical solutions for their uniform application in international and European tax law. In its thorough examination of how substance requirements work and how they are interrelated among different sets of tax rules, this book has no peers. It will be welcomed by taxation practitioners and corporate counsel in Europe and worldwide.