The Analogical Mind

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The Analogical Mind
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Author : Dedre Gentner
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-03-02
The Analogical Mind written by Dedre Gentner and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-02 with Psychology categories.
Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition. This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. Its contributors represent cognitive, developmental, and comparative psychology; neuroscience; artificial intelligence; linguistics; and philosophy. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes computational models of analogy as well as their relation to computational models of other cognitive processes. The second part addresses the role of analogy in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as forming complex cognitive structures, conveying emotion, making decisions, and solving problems. The third part looks at the development of analogy in children and the possible use of analogy in nonhuman primates. Contributors Miriam Bassok, Consuelo B. Boronat, Brian Bowdle, Fintan Costello, Kevin Dunbar, Gilles Fauconnier, Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner, Usha Goswami, Brett Gray, Graeme S. Halford, Douglas Hofstadter, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Mark T. Keane, Boicho N. Kokinov, Arthur B. Markman, C. Page Moreau, David L. Oden, Alexander A. Petrov, Steven Phillips, David Premack, Cameron Shelley, Paul Thagard, Roger K.R. Thompson, William H. Wilson, Phillip Wolff
Mental Leaps
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Author : Keith J. Holyoak
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1996-01-31
Mental Leaps written by Keith J. Holyoak and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-31 with Psychology categories.
Analogy—recalling familiar past situations to deal with novel ones—is a mental tool that everyone uses. Analogy can provide invaluable creative insights, but it can also lead to dangerous errors. In Mental Leaps two leading cognitive scientists show how analogy works and how it can be used most effectively. Keith Holyoak and Paul Thagard provide a unified, comprehensive account of the diverse operations and applications of analogy, including problem solving, decision making, explanation, and communication. Holyoak and Thagard present their own theory of analogy, considering its implications for cognitive science in general, and survey examples from many other domains. These include animal cognition, developmental and social psychology, political science, philosophy, history of science, anthropology, and literature. Understanding how we draw analogies is important for people interested in the evolution of thinking in animals and in children; for those whose focus is on either creative thinking or errors of everyday reasoning; for those concerned with how decisions are made in law, business, and politics; and for those striving to improve education. Mental Leaps covers all of this ground, emphasizing the principles that govern the use of analogy and keeping technical matters to a minimum. A Bradford Book
Surfaces And Essences
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Author : Douglas R Hofstadter
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2013-04-23
Surfaces And Essences written by Douglas R Hofstadter and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-23 with Philosophy categories.
Analogy is the core of all thinking. This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize -- winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over thirty years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition. We are constantly faced with a swirling and intermingling multitude of ill-defined situations. Our brain's job is to try to make sense of this unpredictable, swarming chaos of stimuli. How does it do so? The ceaseless hail of input triggers analogies galore, helping us to pinpoint the essence of what is going on. Often this means the spontaneous evocation of words, sometimes idioms, sometimes the triggering of nameless, long-buried memories. Why did two-year-old Camille proudly exclaim, "I undressed the banana!"? Why do people who hear a story often blurt out, "Exactly the same thing happened to me!" when it was a completely different event? How do we recognize an aggressive driver from a split-second glance in our rearview mirror? What in a friend's remark triggers the offhand reply, "That's just sour grapes"? What did Albert Einstein see that made him suspect that light consists of particles when a century of research had driven the final nail in the coffin of that long-dead idea? The answer to all these questions, of course, is analogy-making -- the meat and potatoes, the heart and soul, the fuel and fire, the gist and the crux, the lifeblood and the wellsprings of thought. Analogy-making, far from happening at rare intervals, occurs at all moments, defining thinking from top to toe, from the tiniest and most fleeting thoughts to the most creative scientific insights. Like Gö, Escher, Bach before it, Surfaces and Essences will profoundly enrich our understanding of our own minds. By plunging the reader into an extraordinary variety of colorful situations involving language, thought, and memory, by revealing bit by bit the constantly churning cognitive mechanisms normally completely hidden from view, and by discovering in them one central, invariant core -- the incessant, unconscious quest for strong analogical links to past experiences -- this book puts forth a radical and deeply surprising new vision of the act of thinking.
The Analogical Mind Prespectives From Cognitive Science
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Author : Dedre Gentner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
The Analogical Mind Prespectives From Cognitive Science written by Dedre Gentner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Lifespan Human Development
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Author : Marc H. Bornstein
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2018-01-15
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Lifespan Human Development written by Marc H. Bornstein and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-15 with Psychology categories.
Lifespan human development is the study of all aspects of biological, physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and contextual development from conception to the end of life. In approximately 800 signed articles by experts from a wide diversity of fields, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development explores all individual and situational factors related to human development across the lifespan. Some of the broad thematic areas will include: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Aging Behavioral and Developmental Disorders Cognitive Development Community and Culture Early and Middle Childhood Education through the Lifespan Genetics and Biology Gender and Sexuality Life Events Mental Health through the Lifespan Research Methods in Lifespan Development Speech and Language Across the Lifespan Theories and Models of Development. This five-volume encyclopedia promises to be an authoritative, discipline-defining work for students and researchers seeking to become familiar with various approaches, theories, and empirical findings about human development broadly construed, as well as past and current research.
The Psychology Of Problem Solving
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Author : Janet E. Davidson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-06-09
The Psychology Of Problem Solving written by Janet E. Davidson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-09 with Education categories.
Problems are a central part of human life. The Psychology of Problem Solving organizes in one volume much of what psychologists know about problem solving and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. There are chapters by leading experts in this field, including Miriam Bassok, Randall Engle, Anders Ericsson, Arthur Graesser, Keith Stanovich, Norbert Schwarz, and Barry Zimmerman, among others. The Psychology of Problem Solving is divided into four parts. Following an introduction that reviews the nature of problems and the history and methods of the field, Part II focuses on individual differences in, and the influence of, the abilities and skills that humans bring to problem situations. Part III examines motivational and emotional states and cognitive strategies that influence problem solving performance, while Part IV summarizes and integrates the various views of problem solving proposed in the preceding chapters.
The Oxford Handbook Of Cognitive Psychology
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Author : Daniel Reisberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-04-04
The Oxford Handbook Of Cognitive Psychology written by Daniel Reisberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-04 with Medical categories.
This handbook is an essential, comprehensive resource for students and academics interested in topics in cognitive psychology, including perceptual issues, attention, memory, knowledge representation, language, emotional influences, judgment, problem solving, and the study of individual differences in cognition.
The Complex Mind
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Author : David McFarland
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-05-17
The Complex Mind written by David McFarland and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-17 with Psychology categories.
Combining the study of animal minds, artificial minds, and human evolution, this book examine the advances made by comparative psychologists in explaining the intelligent behaviour of primates, the design of artificial autonomous systems and the cognitive products of language evolution.
Metaphors Of Mind In Fiction And Psychology
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Author : Michael S. Kearns
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Release Date : 1987-01-01
Metaphors Of Mind In Fiction And Psychology written by Michael S. Kearns and has been published by University Press of Kentucky this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-01-01 with Literary Criticism categories.
Integrating The Mind
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Author : Maxwell J. Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2008-03-10
Integrating The Mind written by Maxwell J. Roberts and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-10 with Psychology categories.
There are currently several debates taking place simultaneously in various fields of psychology which address the same fundamental issue: to what extent are the processes and resources that underlie higher cognition domain-general versus domain-specific? Extreme Domain Specificity argues that people are effective thinkers only in contexts which they have directly experienced, or in which evolution has equipped them with effective solutions. The role of general cognitive abilities is ignored, or denied altogether. This book evaluates the evidence and arguments put forward in support of domain specific cognition, at the expense of domain generality. The contributions reflect a range of expertise, and present research into logical reasoning, problem solving, judgement and decision making, cognitive development, and intelligence. The contributors suggest that domain general processes are essential, and that domain specific processes cannot function without them. Rather than continuing to divide the mind’s function into ever more specific units, this book argues that psychologists should look for greater integration and for people’s general cognitive skills to be viewed as an integral part of their lives. Integrating the Mind will be valuable reading for students and researchers in psychology interested in the fields of cognition, cognitive development, intelligence and skilled behaviour.