The Analysis And Prediction Of Well Performance For Hydraulically Fractured Wells Using Reservoir Modelling Techniques
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The Analysis And Prediction Of Well Performance For Hydraulically Fractured Wells Using Reservoir Modelling Techniques
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Author : Gas Research Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Analysis And Prediction Of Well Performance For Hydraulically Fractured Wells Using Reservoir Modelling Techniques written by Gas Research Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Gas reservoirs categories.
Since 1983, numerous cooperative research wells and Staged Field Experiments have been conducted in the Travis Peak formation in east Texas by the Gas Research Institute (GRI). Many of the wells analyzed have exhibited slow fracture fluid cleanup. In these cases, several days or weeks of flow were required after the treatment before significant gas flow was measured. For these same wells, post-fracture pressure buildup data were often difficult to analyze with confidence using conventional analysis methods. As such, a research project was undertaken to better understand post-fracture production and pressure transient behavior. The objective of the research project was to investigate fractures that affected fracture fluid injection, fracture fluid inhibition and fracture fluid cleanup in wells that are completed in low permeability gas reservoirs. It was also important to determine which of the factors most affected the analysis of post-fracture pressure transient data and the ultimate gas recovery. Before these items could be studied in detail, however, it was also necessary to learn how to model correctly these effects by taking into account factors such as formation damage, fracture conductivity damage, non-Darcy flow, relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure effects. The result of this research showed that fracture conductivity must be high enough to allow proper fracture fluid cleanup prior to running a pressure transient test. If the fracture has not cleaned up sufficiently, the incorrect result will be obtained from conventional pressure transient test methods. Even if most of the fluid has been cleaned up, the results obtained from conventional methods should only be considered first order approximations. The engineer must then take these estimates and use reservoir simulation methods to history match the production and pressure transient data in order to better analyze the formation and fracture properties. The research also demonstrated that producing a well on a small choke after a fracture treament will maximize ultimate gas recovery. If severe crushing of the proppant occurs due to rapid pressure drawdown, then fracture fluid can be trapped in and around the fracture which will tend to suppress gas production and reduce ultimate gas recovery. In summary, the reservoir engineering research has led to the conclusion that multilayered, multiphase reservoir systems such as are normally encountered in low permeability rocks are difficult to evaluate with accuracy unless multiphase, multilayered reservoir models are used to history match all of the available data.
The Performance Of Fractured Horizontal Well In Tight Gas Reservoir
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Author : Jiajing Lin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Performance Of Fractured Horizontal Well In Tight Gas Reservoir written by Jiajing Lin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Horizontal wells have been used to increase reservoir recovery, especially in unconventional reservoirs, and hydraulic fracturing has been applied to further extend the contact with the reservoir to increase the efficiency of development. In the past, many models, analytical or numerical, were developed to describe the flow behavior in horizontal wells with fractures. Source solution is one of the analytical/semi-analytical approaches. To solve fractured well problems, source methods were advanced from point sources to volumetric source, and pressure change inside fractures was considered in the volumetric source method. This study aims at developing a method that can predict horizontal well performance and the model can also be applied to horizontal wells with multiple fractures in complex natural fracture networks. The method solves the problem by superposing a series of slab sources under transient or pseudosteady-state flow conditions. The principle of the method comprises the calculation of semi-analytical response of a rectilinear reservoir with closed outer boundaries. A statistically assigned fracture network is used in the study to represent natural fractures based on the spacing between fractures and fracture geometry. The multiple dominating hydraulic fractures are then added to the natural fracture system to build the physical model of the problem. Each of the hydraulic fractures is connected to the horizontal wellbore, and the natural fractures are connected to the hydraulic fractures through the network description. Each fracture, natural or hydraulically induced, is treated as a series of slab sources. The analytical solution of superposed slab sources provides the base of the approach, and the overall flow from each fracture and the effect between the fractures are modeled by applying superposition principle to all of the fractures. It is assumed that hydraulic fractures are the main fractures that connect with the wellbore and the natural fractures are branching fractures which only connect with the main fractures. The fluid inside of the branch fractures flows into the main fractures, and the fluid of the main fracture from both the reservoir and the branch fractures flows to the wellbore. Predicting well performance in a complex fracture network system is extremely challenged. The statistical nature of natural fracture networks changes the flow characteristic from that of a single linear fracture. Simply using the single fracture model for individual fracture, and then adding the flow from each fracture for the network could introduce significant error. This study provides a semi-analytical approach to estimate well performance in a complex fracture network system.
Novel Integrated And Revolutionary Well Test Interpretation And Analysis
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Author : Freddy Escobar
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-01-30
Novel Integrated And Revolutionary Well Test Interpretation And Analysis written by Freddy Escobar and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The TDS technique is a practical, easy, and powerful tool for well test interpretation. It uses characteristic features and points found on the pressure derivative versus time plot, so that reservoir parameters can be easily calculated by using several analytic expressions. Most calculations can be verified more than once and applied to systems where the conventional straight-line method has no applications. This book deals with well tests run in elongated systems, partially completed/penetrated wells, multirate tests, hydraulically fractured wells, interference tests, and naturally fractured reservoirs. This technique is used in all commercial well-testing software. Its use is the panacea for well test interpretation and can also be extended to rate-transient analysis, although not shown here.
A New Method For History Matching And Forecasting Shale Gas Oil Reservoir Production Performance With Dual And Triple Porosity Models
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Author : Orkhan Samandarli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
A New Method For History Matching And Forecasting Shale Gas Oil Reservoir Production Performance With Dual And Triple Porosity Models written by Orkhan Samandarli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Different methods have been proposed for history matching production of shale gas/oil wells which are drilled horizontally and usually hydraulically fractured with multiple stages. These methods are simulation, analytical models, and empirical equations. It has been well known that among the methods listed above, analytical models are more favorable in application to field data for two reasons. First, analytical solutions are faster than simulation, and second, they are more rigorous than empirical equations. Production behavior of horizontally drilled shale gas/oil wells has never been completely matched with the models which are described in this thesis. For shale gas wells, correction due to adsorption is explained with derived equations. The algorithm which is used for history matching and forecasting is explained in detail with a computer program as an implementation of it that is written in Excel's VBA. As an objective of this research, robust method is presented with a computer program which is applied to field data. The method presented in this thesis is applied to analyze the production performance of gas wells from Barnett, Woodford, and Fayetteville shales. It is shown that the method works well to understand reservoir description and predict future performance of shale gas wells. Moreover, synthetic shale oil well also was used to validate application of the method to oil wells. Given the huge unconventional resource potential and increasing energy demand in the world, the method described in this thesis will be the "game changing" technology to understand the reservoir properties and make future predictions in short period of time.
Improved Reservoir Models And Production Forecasting Techniques For Multi Stage Fractured Hydrocarbon Wells
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Author : Ruud Weijermars
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-12-12
Improved Reservoir Models And Production Forecasting Techniques For Multi Stage Fractured Hydrocarbon Wells written by Ruud Weijermars and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The massive increase in energy demand and the related rapid development of unconventional reservoirs has opened up exciting new energy supply opportunities along with new, seemingly intractable engineering and research challenges. The energy industry has primarily depended on a heuristic approach—rather than a systematic approach—to optimize and tackle the various challenges when developing new and improving the performance of existing unconventional reservoirs. Industry needs accurate estimations of well production performance and of the cumulative estimated ultimate reserves, accounting for uncertainty. This Special Issue presents 10 original and high-quality research articles related to the modeling of unconventional reservoirs, which showcase advanced methods for fractured reservoir simulation, and improved production forecasting techniques.
Well Production Performance Analysis For Shale Gas Reservoirs
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Author : Liehui Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-05-16
Well Production Performance Analysis For Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Liehui Zhang and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Well Production Performance Analysis for Shale Gas Reservoirs, Volume 66 presents tactics and discussions that are urgently needed by the petroleum community regarding unconventional oil and gas resources development and production. The book breaks down the mechanics of shale gas reservoirs and the use of mathematical models to analyze their performance. Features an in-depth analysis of shale gas horizontal fractured wells and how they differ from their conventional counterparts Includes detailed information on the testing of fractured horizontal wells before and after fracturing Offers in-depth analysis of numerical simulation and the importance of this tool for the development of shale gas reservoirs
Well Test Analysis For Fractured Reservoir Evaluation
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Author : G. Da Prat
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1990-11-19
Well Test Analysis For Fractured Reservoir Evaluation written by G. Da Prat and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The main purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the behaviour of fractured reservoirs, using evaluation techniques based on processing pressure and flow-rate data resulting from production testing.It covers the fundamental reservoir engineering principles involved in the analysis of fluid flow through fractured reservoirs, the application of existing models to field cases, and the evaluation and description of reservoirs, based on processed data from pressure and production tests. The author also discusses production decline analysis, the understanding of which is a key factor influencing completion or abandonment of a well or even a field.The theoretical concepts are presented as clearly and simply as possible in order to aid comprehension. The book is thus suitable for training and educational purposes, and will help the reader who is unfamiliar with the subject acquire the necessary skills for successful interpretation and analysis of field data.One of the most important features of the book is that it fills the gap between field operations and research, in regard to proper management of reservoirs. The book also contains a computer program (FORTRAN language) which can be incorporated in existing software designed for reservoir evaluation; type curves generation, test design and interpretation, can be achieved by using this program.Petroleum engineers, reservoir engineers, petroleum geologists, research engineers and students in these fields, will be interested in this book as a reference source. It can also be used as a text book for training production and reservoir engineering professionals. It should be available in university and oil company libraries.
Prediction Of Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing Using Reservoir And Well Flow Simulation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Prediction Of Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing Using Reservoir And Well Flow Simulation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
This paper presents a method to predict and evaluate effects of hydraulic fracturing jobs by using reservoir and well flow numerical simulation. The concept of the method i5 that steam production rate at the operating well head pressure is predicted with different fracture conditions which would be attained by the hydraulic fracturing jobs. Then, the effects of the hydraulic fracturing is evaluated by comparing the predicted steam production rate and that before the hydraulic fracturing. This course of analysis will suggest how large fracture should be created by the fracturing job to attain large enough increase in steam production at the operating condition and the best scheme of the hydraulic fracturing job.
Using Rate Transient Analysis And Bayesian Algorithms For Reservoir Characterization In Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Gas Wells During Linear Flow
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Author : Pirayu Yuhun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Using Rate Transient Analysis And Bayesian Algorithms For Reservoir Characterization In Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Gas Wells During Linear Flow written by Pirayu Yuhun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Bayesian field theory categories.
Multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) are currently a popular method of developing shale gas and oil reservoirs. The performance of MFHWs can be analyzed by an approach called Rate transient analysis (RTA). However, the predicted outcomes are often inaccurate and provide non-unique results. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to couple Bayesian Algorithms with a current production analysis method, that is, rate transient analysis, to generate probabilistic credible interval ranges for key reservoir and completion variables. To show the legitimacy of the RTA-Bayesian method, synthetic production data from a multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal completion in a reservoir modeled after Marcellus shale reservoir was generated using a reservoir (CMG) model. The synthetic production data was analyzed using a combination of rate transient analysis with Bayesian techniques. Firstly, the traditional log-log plot was produced to identify the linear flow production regime, which is usually the dominant regime in shale reservoirs. Using the linear flow production data and traditional rate transient analysis equations, Bayesian inversion was carried out using likelihood-based and likelihood-free Bayesian methods. The rjags and EasyABC packages in statistical software R were used for the likelihood-based and likelihood-free inversion respectively. Model priors were based (1) on information available about the Marcellus shale from technical literature and (2) hydraulic fracture design parameters. Posterior distributions and prediction intervals were developed for the fracture length, matrix permeability, and skin factor. These predicted credible intervals were then compared with actual synthetic reservoir and hydraulic fracture data. The methodology was also repeated for an actual case in the Barnett shale for a validation. The most substantial finding was that for all the investigated cases, including complicated scenarios (such as finite fracture conductivity, fracturing fluid flowback, heterogeneity of fracture length, and pressure-dependent reservoir), the combined RTA-Bayesian model provided a reasonable prediction interval that encompassed the actual/observed values of the reservoir/hydraulic fracture variables. The R-squared value of predicted values over true values was more than 0.5 in all cases. For the base case in this study, the choice of the prior distribution did not affect the posterior distribution/prediction interval in a significant manner in as much as the prior distribution was partially informative. However, the use of noninformative priors resulted in a loss of precision. Also, a comparison of the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and the traditional Bayesian algorithms showed that the ABC algorithm reduced computational time with minimal loss of accuracy by at least an order of magnitude by bypassing the complicated step of having to compute the likelihood function. In addition, the production time, number of iterations and tolerance of fitting had a minimal impact on the posterior distribution after an optimum point--which was at least one-year production, 10,000 iterations and 0.001 respectively. In summary, the RTA-Bayesian production analysis method implemented in relatively easy computational platforms, like R and Excel, provided good characterization of all key variables such as matrix permeability, fracture length and skin when compared to results obtained from analytical methods. This probabilistic characterization has the potential to enable better understanding of well performance, improved identification of optimization opportunities and ultimately improved ultimate recovery from shale gas resources.
Performance Prediction From Hydraulically Fractured Wells In Tight Oil Reservoir
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Author : Harish Yerramsetty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Performance Prediction From Hydraulically Fractured Wells In Tight Oil Reservoir written by Harish Yerramsetty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Oil fields categories.