The Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Author : Richard Woodman
language : en
Publisher: Pen and Sword
Release Date : 2018-01-30
Arctic Convoys 1941 1945 written by Richard Woodman and has been published by Pen and Sword this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-30 with History categories.
The story of Allied merchant ships and crews who braved the frigid far north to extend a lifeline to Russia, filled with “sheer heroism and brazen drama” (Literary Review). During the last four years of the Second World War, the Western Allies secured Russian defenses against Germany by supplying vital food and arms. The plight of those in Murmansk and Archangel who benefited is now well known, but few are aware of the courage, determination, and sacrifice of Allied merchant ships, which withstood unremitting U-boat attacks and aerial bombardment to maintain the lifeline to Russia. In the storms, fog, and numbing cold of the Arctic, where the sinking of a ten thousand–ton freighter was equal to a land battle in terms of destruction, the losses sustained were huge. Told from the perspective of their crews, this is the inspiring story of the long-suffering merchant ships without which Russia would almost certainly have fallen to Nazi Germany.
The Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Author : Richard Woodman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Arctic Convoys 1941 1945 written by Richard Woodman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with HISTORY categories.
In 1941 the Royal Navy began running munitions & supply convoys to Northern Russia, battling through the Arctic Ocean & running a gauntlet of German air, surface & submarine attacks. Woodman describes these remarkable actions.
Fire Ice Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Author : Richard Porter
language : en
Publisher: Paul Honeywill
Release Date : 2023-01-09
Fire Ice Arctic Convoys 1941 1945 written by Richard Porter and has been published by Paul Honeywill this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-09 with History categories.
The Arctic convoys run to the ports of Northern Russia from 1941 to 1945 combined the man-made and maritime horrors of the Battle of the Atlantic with the unforgiving ferocity of one of the most inhospitable of the world's climates. Maintaining that lifeline through the waters of the Arctic circle was essential to the development and maintenance of the Anglo-American alliance with the Soviet Union. With the massive campaign on Germany's Eastern front hanging in the balance in 1941 to 1942, the German Armed Forces deployed significant numbers of submarines, bomber and torpedo aircraft, together with heavy ships such as the Tirpitz and Scharnhorst, against the slow-moving Allied convoys of merchant ships and their escorting forces. The challenge to maintain this lifeline placed a heavy burden on the resources of the Royal Navy. Here, in a contemporary battle summary, prepared by the Naval Staff of the Royal Navy, and supported by academic analysis and an extensive photographic section, those challenges and difficulties, the tragedies and the triumphs of the Arctic convoys, are laid bare. A Shared Strategic Goal. The Arctic Convoys reflect the need to be able to work with enemies who become allies, and vice versa, and understand the strategic circumstances and imperatives that drive those choices. This strategic perspective and agility characterised Churchill’s approach to Stalin and the Soviet Union. It is notable that British co-operation with the Soviet Union started before the US had entered the war, and continued to the end, reflecting British strategic national interests throughout. The intent and comradeship forged through the existence of a common foe survived the many operational set-backs and doubts on both sides, and speaks clearly to the need in these matters to have a clear, shared strategic goal and enduring commitment to its achievement. The Arctic convoys demonstrate the utility of seapower to deliver significant strategic effects even while operations had to be conducted at the limits of human endurance in the harshest of climates, at the geographical extremes of the global battlefront what Churchill is credited with calling ‘the worst journey in the world.’
The Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Author : Richard Woodman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
The Arctic Convoys 1941 1945 written by Richard Woodman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Naval convoys categories.
For the last four gruelling years of the war, the Western Allies supplied arms and ammunition to Soviet Russia. These supplies were essential to the Russian war effort, and so the Germans were determined to cut them off. Allied merchant ships ran the gauntlet of the icy Barents Sea, outflanked by German bases in Norway, from where bombers, surface warships and U-boats could attack without warning. Each delivery of arms was an epic achievement. In fact an eminent British historian described it as undertaking the impossible.;Under pressure from both Stalin and Roosevelt, Churchill compelled the hardpressed British navy to fight convoy after convoy through to Murmansk and Archangel, with considerable loss in a campaign which was war a l'outrance, where the sinking of a single 10,000-ton freighter was the equivalent, in terms of material destroyed, of a land battle. It was the Arctic that saw the last concentration of the U-boats, driven from their former French bases; the Arctic that saw the last Royal Naval ship sunk in European waters; and the Arctic that saw the greatest defeat of a convoy in modern history. It was a theatre dominated by the weather: fog, storm-force winds and the ever-present numbing cold. Accretions of ice could, and did, deprive ships of their stability and cause them to capsize, while either the Arctic gloom or the midnight sun mocked embattled men haggard with exhaustion.;The debacle of PQ17, the surface actions, the U-boat attacks and running air battles culminating in the final destruction of the Scharnhorst are fully covered, but so too are the personal angle and the perspective of the long-suffering merchant ships and their crews, together with the political implications. The author, himself a professional seaman, has carried out a major and comprehensive review of naval operations in the Arctic which, ironically for Britain and the United States, left Stalin's Russia the dominating power in postwar Europe.
The Royal Navy And The Arctic Convoys
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Author : Malcolm Llewellyn-Jones
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-13
The Royal Navy And The Arctic Convoys written by Malcolm Llewellyn-Jones and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with History categories.
The book is a masterpiece of operational history, and is written with surprising candour, given that the author was a member of the Naval Staff. The men who took part in these operations were drawn from Britain, Canada, America (particularly for the merchant service). This book provides a detailed account of naval actions (with maps) based on close examination of all relevant documentation and interviews with principal participants.
Convoys To Russia
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Author : Bob Ruegg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Convoys To Russia written by Bob Ruegg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with History categories.
Allied Convoys To Northern Russia 1941 1945
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Author : William Smith
language : en
Publisher: Pen and Sword Maritime
Release Date : 2024-03-30
Allied Convoys To Northern Russia 1941 1945 written by William Smith and has been published by Pen and Sword Maritime this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-30 with History categories.
While the experiences of the men and ships who sailed in the Allied convoys to North Russia between August 1941 and May 1945 have been fully documented, the wider political, diplomatic and military factors which determined the campaign are less well known. The principal actors Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin each had their own agendas and expectations, influenced by advisers and competing national priorities. These inevitably gave rise to differences putting pressure in turn on the convoy program while the varying effectiveness of German counter-action was a significant and unpredictable factor. 1942 was dominated by pressure on Churchill from Roosevelt and Stalin to increase the size of convoys at a time when the Royal Navy lacked the necessary escorts. This deficiency was exacerbated by heavy merchant shipping losses and the demands of Operation TORCH. The temporary convoy suspension in 1943 followed the deployment of German heavy warships to Norway and the diversion of escorts to Operation HUSKY. A serious Anglo-Soviet rift, which led to Allied threats to discontinue the program, was only resolved by lengthy negotiations. It resumed until temporarily suspended due to the D-Day landings after which the increasing escort availability allowed operations to run uninterrupted until May 1945. This carefully researched work providing an overview of the strategic factors dominating the costly yet war-winning Arctic convoy program will be welcomed by experts and laymen alike.
Fire Ice Arctic Convoys 1941 1945
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Author : Vice-Admiral Simon Lister Kcb Obe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-01-06
Fire Ice Arctic Convoys 1941 1945 written by Vice-Admiral Simon Lister Kcb Obe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-06 with categories.
The Arctic convoys run to the ports of Northern Russia from 1941 to 1945 combined the man-made and maritime horrors of the Battle of the Atlantic with the unforgiving ferocity of one of the most inhospitable of the world's climates. Maintaining that lifeline through the waters of the Arctic circle was essential to the development and maintenance of the Anglo-American alliance with the Soviet Union. With the massive campaign on Germany's Eastern front hanging in the balance in 1941 to 1942, the German Armed Forces deployed significant numbers of submarines, bomber and torpedo aircraft, together with heavy ships such as the Tirpitz and Scharnhorst, against the slow-moving Allied convoys of merchant ships and their escorting forces. The challenge to maintain this lifeline placed a heavy burden on the resources of the Royal Navy. Here, in a contemporary battle summary, prepared by the Naval Staff of the Royal Navy, and supported by academic analysis and an extensive photographic section, those challenges and difficulties, the tragedies and the triumphs of the Arctic convoys, are laid bare. A Shared Strategic Goal. The Arctic Convoys reflect the need to be able to work with enemies who become allies, and vice versa, and understand the strategic circumstances and imperatives that drive those choices. This strategic perspective and agility characterised Churchill's approach to Stalin and the Soviet Union. It is notable that British co-operation with the Soviet Union started before the US had entered the war, and continued to the end, reflecting British strategic national interests throughout. The intent and comradeship forged through the existence of a common foe survived the many operational set-backs and doubts on both sides, and speaks clearly to the need in these matters to have a clear, shared strategic goal and enduring commitment to its achievement. Leadership of Effective Collaboration. The collaboration and integration at a working level that was achieved in a short space of time was remarkable, given the suspicion and gulf of political outlook that existed at the outset. Genuine collaboration and integration delivered a whole that was greater than the sum of its parts. what Churchill is credited with calling 'the worst journey in the world.'
The Kola Run
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Author : Sir Ian Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1958
The Kola Run written by Sir Ian Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with World War, 1939-1945 categories.
The Kola Run
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Author : Ian Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
The Kola Run written by Ian Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Naval convoys categories.