The Bronze Age In Europe
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The Bronze Age In Europe
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Author : J. M. Coles
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-10-30
The Bronze Age In Europe written by J. M. Coles and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-30 with Social Science categories.
This book provides an account of the development of European culture and society during the Bronze Age, the time span between c. 2000 and 700 BC. It was a period of remarkable innovation, seen for instance in the development and growth of metallurgy as a major industry, the spread of trading contacts, the origins of urbanism and the beginnings of social stratification. The study is divided chronologically into two, the earlier and later Bronze Age, giving a clear picture of the nature of the radical changes which occurred in the period as a whole. The geographical area covered, from the Atlantic shores across Europe into the Soviet Union and from northern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, is too vast to be taken as one unit, and has been broken down into five regions; each is discussed in terms of settlement form, burial practices, ritual and religious sites, material culture, economic and social background, and trading patterns. The book describes and develops common themes that link together the different areas and cultural groups, rather than taking the typographical approach often adopted by Bronze Age specialists, and uses the results of radiocarbon dating to establish an objective chronology for the period. The text is generously illustrated and fully documented with radiocarbon dating tables and extensive bibliography. Our understanding of Bronze Age Europe is still increasing, but no other book of this scope had been written before this, in 1979. It is a major study of its time of interest to anyone looking beyond popular accounts of the day.
European Societies In The Bronze Age
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Author : A. F. Harding
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-05-18
European Societies In The Bronze Age written by A. F. Harding and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-18 with History categories.
The Bronze Age, roughly 2500 to 750 BC, was the last fully prehistoric period in Europe and a crucial element in the formation of the Europe that emerged into history in the later first millennium BC. This book focuses on the material culture remains of the period, and through them provides an interpretation of the main trends in human development that occurred during this timespan. It pays particular attention to the discoveries and theoretical advances of the last twenty years that have necessitated a major revision of received opinions about many aspects of the Bronze Age. Arranged thematically, it reviews the evidence for a range of topics in cross-cultural fashion, defining which major characteristics of the period were universal and which culture and area-specific. The result is a comprehensive study that will be of value to specialists and students, while remaining accessible to the non-specialist.
The Bronze Age In Europe
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Author : John M. Coles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
The Bronze Age In Europe written by John M. Coles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Bronze age categories.
The Bronze Age In Europe
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Author : Jean-Pierre Mohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Bronze Age In Europe written by Jean-Pierre Mohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Bronze age categories.
The heroes of the Iliad and Odyssey fought with shields and swords of bronze. What was the world like in those mythic days, when the rival Greek cities of Troy and Mycenae battled for supremacy, and, far to the west, unknown engineers raised the megaliths of Stonehenge? What do we know of even earlier times, when the settled peoples of Europe first replaced their crude stone tools with those made of refined metal and crafted ornaments of beaten copper and gold? The invention of bronze was a remarkable development, permitting the casting of much stronger tools and weapons. Across Europe, the peoples of the Bronze Age forged metal and traded its products, raised monolithic standing stones, practised similar funerary and religious rites, and decorated their products with the same motifs and symbols.
The Bronze Age In Europe The History And Legacy Of Civilizations Across Europe From 3200 600 Bce
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-03-07
The Bronze Age In Europe The History And Legacy Of Civilizations Across Europe From 3200 600 Bce written by Charles River Editors and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-07 with History categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading While the Bronze Age is recognized as one of history's most important phases, it's been hard for historians to precisely date. The idea of the Bronze Age comes from a three-age system developed in the 19th century through which archaeologists and historians believe cultures evolve. These three ages are the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, and the concept of the system stems from the simultaneous development of museums in Europe during that time. In the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities in Denmark, Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, the director of the museum, began classifying objects of stone, bronze, or iron to better categorize and exhibit them. Each archaeological artifact was thus sorted according to their materials and further organized by shape and style. Through such methodology, working alongside archaeological reports, he was able to show how certain objects changed over time (Fagan 1996, 712). Such a typology, combined with stratigraphy noted in archaeological reports, was useful to early archaeologists with no reliable method for dating artifacts. By understanding which object came before or after, early archaeologists had a relative dating system with which to assess the age of an object or culture. This kind of system was useful to the archaeologists who often encountered objects from above-ground burials that lacked stratigraphy. When this three-age system reached England, John Lubbock expanded on it by applying cultural anthropology to the ages. Over time, other researchers would gradually add their interpretations to the system, with many arguing for sub-divisions of the Stone Age or the introduction of a Copper Age between the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages (Rowley-Conwy 2007, 243). The classification system was meant as a way for modern scientists to classify and understand prehistoric cultures, the final stage of which was the Iron Age, which ended when a culture developed the ability to record their history. Of course, given the rate of each culture's development, this means that when the historical period begins is not uniform or even universal. For example, Native Americans of the Great Plains had not yet developed a written record when they first encountered Europeans. Likewise, they did not have access to the raw materials to enter the Bronze Age or Iron Age, whereas in other cases, such as in Europe, cultures entered the historical period through the conquests of the Roman Empire (which had developed writing), regardless of whether the conquered cultures had previously reached a Bronze or Iron Age. Meanwhile, the cultures not conquered by the Romans, such as those in Northern Germany and Scandinavia, continued to develop an Iron Age and eventually, a historical age, with the introduction of writing by the Vikings. While the simplified, three-age system and typology worked for Thomsen and archaeologists in Denmark, the application of such a system could not be applied on a broader scale due to the numerous variables faced by each developing civilization (Rowley-Conwy 2007). Therefore, rather than examining a wide-ranging Bronze Age in Europe in general, individual cultures and civilizations must be examined on their own, starting with the earliest civilizations to begin mastering the techniques of bronze-making. With that said, certain generalities can be made regarding life before the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age in Europe: The History and Legacy of Civilizations Across Europe from 3200-600 BCE looks at the different cultures that emerged over those crucial years. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Bronze Age in Europe like never before.
Bronze Age Lives
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Author : Anthony Harding
language : de
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Bronze Age Lives written by Anthony Harding and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Art categories.
Das Münchner Zentrum für Antike Welten ist eine interfakultäre Arbeitsgemeinschaft an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. Es verfügt über eine ständige Gastprofessur für antike Kulturgeschichte. Auf sie werden im jährlichen Wechsel namhafte Gelehrte aus den Altertumswissenschaften berufen, die in einer Vortragsreihe ein interdisziplinär bedeutsames Thema behandeln. Zudem veranstaltet das MZAW Kolloquien und Fachtagungen. Die Reihe Münchner Vorlesungen zu Antiken Welten legt diese Vorträge einem kultur- und altertumswissenschaftlich interessierten Publikum vor.
The Oxford Handbook Of The European Bronze Age
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Author : Anthony Harding
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2013-06-27
The Oxford Handbook Of The European Bronze Age written by Anthony Harding and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-27 with Social Science categories.
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age is a wide-ranging survey of a crucial period in prehistory during which many social, economic, and technological changes took place. Written by expert specialists in the field, the book provides coverage both of the themes that characterize the period, and of the specific developments that took place in the various countries of Europe. After an introduction and a discussion of chronology, successive chapters deal with settlement studies, burial analysis, hoards and hoarding, monumentality, rock art, cosmology, gender, and trade, as well as a series of articles on specific technologies and crafts (such as transport, metals, glass, salt, textiles, and weighing). The second half of the book covers each country in turn. From Ireland to Russia, Scandinavia to Sicily, every area is considered, and up to date information on important recent finds is discussed in detail. The book is the first to consider the whole of the European Bronze Age in both geographical and thematic terms, and will be the standard book on the subject for the foreseeable future.
Warriors And Weapons In Bronze Age Europe
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Author : A. F. Harding
language : en
Publisher: Archaeolingua
Release Date : 2007
Warriors And Weapons In Bronze Age Europe written by A. F. Harding and has been published by Archaeolingua this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Bronze age categories.
The Bronze Age of Europe was a time of major changes in society, economy and technology. One of these was the emergence of a warrior class, equipped with a new set of artefacts that can for the first time be called weapons. This book discusses the evidence for the existence of these warriors, and the stages by which they emerged from the Neolithic and Copper Ages, when farming was the main means of subsistence but hunting was also a prestige activity. From beginnings when dagger graves were the norm, in the Early Bronze Age, to the appearance of lavishly equipped sword graves, complete with armour and items for personal adornment, in the Late Bronze Age, the book charts the rise of warrior elites in Europe over the period ca 2500 to 700 BC, drawing on the specific evidence of weapon distributions and deposition contexts. It considers the rise of fortified hilltop sites, and the evidence for territorial organisation based on them. The emergence of warrior bands, with a fighting mode based on inter-group raiding, is seen as a major component of aggression in the later stages of the Bronze Age. This is coupled with a consideration of what such aggression should be called (whether warfare or something else), and how to identify it from the evidence of prehistoric archaeology.
The Bronze Age Iron Age Transition In Europe
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Author : Marie Louise Stig Sørensen
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
The Bronze Age Iron Age Transition In Europe written by Marie Louise Stig Sørensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Bronze age categories.
Rooted In Movement
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Author : Samantha Reiter
language : en
Publisher: Aarhus University Press
Release Date : 2014
Rooted In Movement written by Samantha Reiter and has been published by Aarhus University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with History categories.
The result of the synergy between four doctoral projects and an advanced MA-level course on Bronze Age Europe, this integrated assemblage of articles represents a variety of different subjects united by a single theme: movement. Ranging from theoretical discussion of the various responses to the reactions from the circulation of people, objects and ideas to the transmission of the spiral and the 'trade' in crafting expertise, this volume takes a fresh look at old questions. Each article within this monograph represents a different approach to mobility framed within a highly mobile and dynamic period of European prehistory. In so doing, the text not only addresses transmission and reception, but also the conceptualization of mobility within a world which was literally Rooted in Movement.