The Carlist Wars In Spain
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The Carlist Wars In Spain
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Author : Edgar Holt
language : en
Publisher: Chester Springs, Pa : Dufour Editions
Release Date : 1967
The Carlist Wars In Spain written by Edgar Holt and has been published by Chester Springs, Pa : Dufour Editions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Carlists categories.
The Basque Phase Of Spain S First Carlist War
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Author : John F. Coverdale
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-14
The Basque Phase Of Spain S First Carlist War written by John F. Coverdale and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with History categories.
This work explores the background and first two years of the First Carlist War--a conflict that pitted conservative northern peasants against the liberal Madrid government in the largest and most sustained case of armed peasant resistance to modernization in nineteenth-century Europe. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
The Carlist Wars
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Author : Charles River
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2023-06-12
The Carlist Wars written by Charles River and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-12 with categories.
Thinking of Spain as a modern nation state today distorts the complicated reality that the Iberian Peninsula faced in the past. Spain was a nation in progress, consisting of regions united under the Spanish crown, but with strong regional identities based on different historical and cultural experiences. The largest entities were the kingdoms of León and Castile, but Spain also included the kingdoms of Navarre, Andalusia, Granada, Jaén, Aragon, and Valencia. There were also the principalities of Asturias and Catalonia, the lordship of Vizcaya, and both Guipúzcoa and Alava were "exempted provinces." Navarre, Aragon, and Catalonia had separate Cortes, which were versions of parliaments (Parker 18-19). This complex system of entities granted privilege to local power structures over the concept of a unified nation and made administration difficult, because there were few standards that applied to all of Spain. Many of the regions had special laws that respected and allowed traditional institutions, administrative patterns, and cultural patterns. These local and regional rights were called fueros and were fiercely defended against centralization. The fueros originated as rights agreed to when the regions joined the Spanish crown. Before becoming king, the king-designate had to swear to maintain and respect the fueros. This meant that the rights of the king were to a considerable extent limited. Inevitably, liberals and centralizing monarchs alike tried to change the situation over the years, which produced political tensions. The Carlists promised to maintain the older system, which is why they were so firmly backed in the Basque regions by most of the peasants and nobility. The Carlist claimants were strong Catholics and were strongly supported by the Church, and thus by the more fervently Catholic portions of the population. On top of that, the arrival of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain caused problems, because the French version of kingship was one of autocratic power based on divine right and France was rapidly centralizing its administration and dumping ancient rules (Parker 18-19). Ultimately, the wars began because of dynastic matters, and in fact, the Carlist Wars in Spain are named for Carlos (1788-1855), the brother of Spanish King Ferdinand VII. Carlos was the infante, the presumed successor, since his brother Ferdinand VIII had no children through his first three marriages. He married a fourth time in 1829, this time to his cousin Maria Christina from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and when Maria Christina became Queen Consort, Ferdinand hoped for children. Ferdinand VII died in 1833 and upon his death, his daughter became Queen Isabella II, but since she was only three years old, her mother Maria Christina became regent. Regents led the government until the royal child reached the age of majority, 18-years-old. Carlos refused to accept Isabella and announced that he was King Carlos V, and he was backed by a significant portion of the Spanish public. Carlos V and his heirs regarded themselves as the rightful rulers of Spain, and the dispute roiled Spanish politics for the rest of the 19th century. Underscoring it all was the fact that there was a great deal of resentment at pushes for modernization and the powerful Catholic Church strongly resented liberal policies like seizure of Church lands and suppression of the Jesuits. The support for Carlism came largely from the Basque provinces, Navarre, the rural peasantry, large landowners, and the Church. Maria Christina as Queen Consort was not the formal queen of Spain, but after the birth of Isabella, Ferdinand's first surviving child, she became more and more influential with her husband and with liberal elements in the country. Her supporters came to be called Cristinos, and by Ferdinand's death, most of the Spanish establishment was loyal to her.
The Carlist Wars And The Spanish Civil War
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Author : Charles River
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2023-12-25
The Carlist Wars And The Spanish Civil War written by Charles River and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-25 with History categories.
Thinking of Spain as a modern nation state today distorts the complicated reality that the Iberian Peninsula faced in the past. Spain was a nation in progress, consisting of regions united under the Spanish crown, but with strong regional identities based on different historical and cultural experiences. The largest entities were the kingdoms of León and Castile, but Spain also included the kingdoms of Navarre, Andalusia, Granada, Jaén, Aragon, and Valencia. There were also the principalities of Asturias and Catalonia, the lordship of Vizcaya, and both Guipúzcoa and Alava were "exempted provinces." Navarre, Aragon, and Catalonia had separate Cortes, which were versions of parliaments (Parker 18-19). This complex system of entities granted privilege to local power structures over the concept of a unified nation and made administration difficult, because there were few standards that applied to all of Spain. Many of the regions had special laws that respected and allowed traditional institutions, administrative patterns, and cultural patterns. These local and regional rights were called fueros and were fiercely defended against centralization. The fueros originated as rights agreed to when the regions joined the Spanish crown. Before becoming king, the king-designate had to swear to maintain and respect the fueros. This meant that the rights of the king were to a considerable extent limited. The Basque regions have been part of Spain for centuries, but the region historically had its own language and customs, and the Catholic Church was especially important there. St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556), the founder of the Jesuit order, was a Basque and is the patron saint of the Basque people, so the region was extremely important during the Carlist Wars because the Carlists embodied traditional Catholic and localist values. The Basque regions enjoyed internal borders that gave them major advantages in imports and exports, and the Basque provinces also had a great deal of self-government until 1833. Losing these privileges was a major grievance, and the hope of recovering them was an important factor in the coming civil wars. The Spanish Civil War has exerted a powerful impact on the historical imagination. Without question, the conflict was a key moment in the 20th century, a precursor to World War II, and an encapsulation of the rise of extremist movements in the 1930s, but it was also a complex narrative in and of itself, even as it offered a truly international theatre of war. It marked one of the seminal moments, along with the 1929 Wall Street Crash, between the two apocalyptic wars of the early 20th century, and since it occurred between 1936 and 1939, Spain proved to be a testing ground of tactics, weaponry, and ideology ahead of World War II. For the Allied powers Britain and France, Spain became a nadir of "appeasement," yet, as the name suggests, the conflict had distinctly Spanish characteristics. The pressures that led to war were particular to the country, its social challenges, and its long and intricate history, and it was a conflict between two sides that included disparate elements like the clergy, socialists, landowners, and even anarchists. It is estimated that somewhere between 500,000-2,000,000 people were killed in the war. Unlike World War II, the Spanish conflict attracted artists and writers, many of whom reflected upon events and even volunteered to fight. Pablo Picasso's painting Guernica, journalist Martha Gellhorn's reports, Robert Capa's iconic photography, George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia, and Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls are just some examples of the art and literature that documented the war, but ultimately, the forces of reaction, led by General Francisco Franco, triumphed, and after his victory in 1939, Franco ruled Spain with an iron fist for 36 years.
Spain S First Carlist War 1833 40
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Author : M. Lawrence
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Spain S First Carlist War 1833 40 written by M. Lawrence and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with History categories.
Spain's First Carlist War was an unlikely agent of modernity. It pitted town against country, subalterns against elites, and Europe's Liberal powers against Absolute Monarchies. This book traces the individual, collective and international experience of this conflict, giving equal attention to battle fronts and home fronts.
The Spanish Civil Wars
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Author : Mark Lawrence
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-02-09
The Spanish Civil Wars written by Mark Lawrence and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-09 with History categories.
CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2017 This book provides a comparative history of the domestic and international nature of Spain's First Carlist War (1833-40) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), as well as the impact of both conflicts. The book demonstrates how and why Spain's struggle for liberty was won in the 1830s only for it to be lost one hundred years later. It shows how both civil wars were world wars in miniature, fought in part by foreign volunteers under the gaze and in the political consciousness of the outside world. Prefaced by a short introduction, The Spanish Civil Wars is arranged into two domestic and international sections, each with three thematic chapters comparing each civil war in detail. The main analytical perspectives are political, social and new military history in nature, but they also explore aspects of gender, culture, nationalism and separatism, economy, religion and, especially, the war in its international context. The book integrates international archival research with the latest scholarship on both subjects and also includes a glossary, a bibliography and several images. It is a key resource tailored to the needs of students and scholars of modern Spain which offers an intriguing and original new perspective on the Spanish Civil War.
The British Auxiliary Legion In The First Carlist War In Spain 1835 1838
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Author : Edward M. Brett
language : en
Publisher: Four Courts Press
Release Date : 2005
The British Auxiliary Legion In The First Carlist War In Spain 1835 1838 written by Edward M. Brett and has been published by Four Courts Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
The two Carlist wars are probably the least remembered, outside Spain, of the civil conflicts of the country. In the first of these, as in 1936, foreign volunteers fought on both sides, among them the 10,000 men of the British Auxiliary Legion, an arm of Palmerston's foreign policy supporting the liberal Cristino cause and the young Queen Isabella II against her uncle, Don Carlos, pretender to the throne. With the Foreign Enlistment Act suspended in 1835, troops were recruited in Britain and Ireland to fight in a savage struggle. Ill-paid, poorly supplied and inadequately accommodated in appaling weather, the Legion suffered heavy mortality from typhus, yet fought bravely in battle, contributing to an eventual Cristino victory. Ireland played a prominent role in the Legion with four designated Irish regiments and many more men serving in other units.
The First Carlist War
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Author : Conrad Cairns
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The First Carlist War written by Conrad Cairns and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Spain categories.
"The First Carlist War was an important but often overlooked conflict that raged between 1833 and 1840. It began a series of wars that ultimately led to the Spanish Civil War in 1936. This is the first book in English to cover its military history and uniforms."--P. 4 of cover.
With The British Legion A Story Of The Carlist Wars
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Author : George Alfred Henty
language : en
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
Release Date : 2020-09-28
With The British Legion A Story Of The Carlist Wars written by George Alfred Henty and has been published by Library of Alexandria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-28 with categories.
The story of the doings of the British Legion under Sir de Lacy Evans in Spain is but little known. The expedition was a failure, and that from no want of heroic courage on the part of the soldiers, but from the most scandalous neglect and ill-treatment by the Government of Queen Christina. So gross was this neglect that within six months of their arrival in the Peninsula nearly five thousand, that is to say half the Legion, had either died from want, privation, or fever in the hospitals of Vittoria, or were invalided home. The remainder, although ill-fed, ill-clothed, and with their pay nine months in arrear, showed themselves worthy of the best traditions of the British army, and it was only at the end of their two years' engagement that, finding all attempts to obtain fair treatment from the Government unavailing, they took their discharge and returned home.The history of their doings as described in the following story is largely founded on a pamphlet by Alex. Somerville, a man of genius who enlisted in the Legion; and the events subsequent to its disbandment are taken from the work of Major Duncan, one of the Commissioners appointed by the British Government to endeavour to see that the conditions of a convention entered into by our Government and the leaders of the contending parties in Spain were duly observed--a convention, however, that had very small influence in checking the atrocities committed by both combatants.
With The British Legion
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Author : G. A. Henty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-07-25
With The British Legion written by G. A. Henty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-25 with categories.
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed. The Carlists were followers of Infante Carlos (later Carlos V) and his descendants and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition (Legitimism and Catholicism) against liberalism, and later the republicanism, of the Spanish governments of the day. (wiki)The story of the doings of the British Legion under Sir de Lacy Evans in Spain is but little known. The expedition was a failure, and that from no want of heroic courage on the part of the soldiers, but from the most scandalous neglect and ill-treatment by the Government of Queen Christina. So gross was this neglect that within six months of their arrival in the Peninsula nearly five thousand, that is to say half the Legion, had either died from want, privation, or fever in the hospitals of Vittoria, or were invalided home. The remainder, although ill-fed, ill-clothed, and with their pay nine months in arrear, showed themselves worthy of the best traditions of the British army, and it was only at the end of their two years' engagement that, finding all attempts to obtain fair treatment from the Government unavailing, they took their discharge and returned home. (G.A. Henty)